• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.16-22
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second ($FEV_1$), $FEV_1$/FVC according to obesity in young adult women. Method: Height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and percent body fat (PBF) were obtained by using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Neck circumference (NC), waist circumference (WC) and spirometric values (FVC, $FEV_1$, $FEV_1$/FVC) were obtained for 135 women college students who were healthy and non smokers. Results: Mean BMI and PBF were $21.8kg/m^2$ and 30.5%. Obesity prevalence according to BMI and PBF were respectively 13.3%, and 50.9%. Lean body mass (LBM) was positively correlated with FVC, $FEV_1$, and PBF was negatively correlated with FVC, $FEV_1$ and $FEV_1$/FVC. FVC and $FEV_1$ of the underweight or obese group were lower than those of normal weight group. Conclusion: PBF, but not BMI, is negatively associated with pulmonary function in women college students.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.570-579
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to exam the effects of a short-term pulmonary program on lung function, exercise tolerance, and quality of life in chronic lung patients. Method: Randomized controlled pre-post test design was used. The outcome measures were forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1, % predicted), 6 min walking distance (6MWD), Borg score after 6MWD, and Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire (CRDQ). Experimental group performed the 4-week home-based pulmonary rehabilitation program composed of inspiratory muscle training, upper and lower extremity exercise, relaxation, and telephone visit. Patients in control group were only given education about self-management strategies. Thirty four patients with moderate-to-severe respiratory impairment were recruited, and 28 patients (19 in experiments, 15 in control) completed the study. Result: Significant improvements in lung function, exercise tolerance, and health related quality of life were found only in the experiment group. Conclusion: This study yielded evidence for the potential and beneficial effects of home-based pulmonary rehabilitation program in patients with moderate to severe chronic lung disease. The program could be adequately utilized for improvement of health related quality of life in chronic lung patients.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.514-522
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of exhalation breathing exercises using expirometer and that of inhalation breathing exercises using incentive spirometry on pulmonary function and complications in elderly patients with upper-abdominal surgery. Methods: The research design was a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design. Participants were 63 patients who underwent upper-abdominal surgery under general anesthesia (32 in experiment group, 31 in control group). They were recruited at P university hospital from August 1 to November 30, 2015. Effects were evaluated by measuring pulmonary functions (Forced Vital Capacity [FVC], Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second [FEV1]) and pulmonary complications. Data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 18.0 program. Results: There was no difference in FVC between the experimental group and the control group, but FEV1 in the experimental group increased significantly compared to the control group by time change (p=.001). Also, there were no pulmonary complications in the experimental group but there were 5 cases (16.1%)(p=.018) in the control group. Conclusion: Findings indicate that exhalation breathing exercises by elderly patients following upper-abdominal surgery is an effective nursing intervention in enhancing pulmonary function and preventing pulmonary complications.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.80 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 2017

Approximately one in four patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have asthmatic features consisting of wheezing, airway hyper-responsiveness or atopy. The Global initiative for Asthma/Globalinitiative for chronic Obstructive Lung Disease committee recently labelled these patients as having asthma-COPD overlap syndrome or ACOS. ACOS also encompasses patients with asthma, ${\geq}40$ years of age, who have been cigarette smokers (more than 5-10 pack years) or have had significant biomass exposure, and demonstrate persistent airflow limitation defined as a post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second ($FEV_1$)/forced vital capacity of <70%. Data over the past 30 years indicate that patients with ACOS have greater burden of symptoms including dyspnea and cough and show higher risk of COPD exacerbations and hospitalizations than those with pure COPD or pure asthma. Patients with ACOS also have increased risk of rapid $FEV_1$ decline and COPD mortality. Paradoxically, experimental evidence to support therapeutic decisions in ACOS patients is lacking because traditionally, patients with ACOS have been systematically excluded from therapeutic COPD and asthma trials to maintain homogeneity of the study population. In this study, we summarize the current understanding of ACOS, focusing on definitions, epidemiology and patient prognosis.

• BMB Reports
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.257-262
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• 2010

The aim of work was to investigate changes of 7-ketocholesterol synthesis in alveolar macrophages in the dynamic of lung mechanical ventilation with injurious parameters. The goal of in vitro part of work was to observe influence of 7-ketocholesterol on iNOS and MIP1 $\beta$ production in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cells. We used 17 healthy domestic pigs randomly assigned into two treatment groups: group I with mechanical ventilation with physiological parameters; group II underwent injurious ventilation with high volume tidal (VT) and low positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP). Cells were analyzed for CYP27A1 protein and gene expression levels, 7-ketocholesterol production. In alveolar macrophages of group II, we obtained increase of production of CYP27A1 protein and 7-ketocholesterol, as well as the expression of the CYP27A1 gene at the 2nd hour of ventilation. In the in vitro experiments we show dose-dependent increase of MIP1 $\beta$ and decrease of CYP27A1, iNOS protein production after 7-ketocholesterol treatment.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.292-296
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of modified cervical exercise on respiratory functions in smartphone users with forward head posture. Methods: Thirty-three smartphone users with forward head posture participated in this study. Subjects were divided into three groups that performed modified cervical exercise one time a day (A group), two times a day (B group), and three times a day (C group). All subjects performed the exercise for four weeks, during which time respiratory functions were measured. Results: There were significant differences in respiratory functions such as forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume at one second, and maximal voluntary ventilation in the C group after four weeks (p<0.05). Moreover, the forced vital capacity differed among groups, and the post hoc test revealed a significant difference between A group and C group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study confirmed that modified cervical exercise improved respiratory functions in smartphone users with forward head posture. These findings indicate that smartphone users with forward head posture should perform modified cervical exercise to build correct posture and respiratory functions.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.188-196
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• 1986

Spirometry and regional function studies using 99m-Technetium were performed preoperatively to predict postoperative pulmonary function change in 34 patients who had various pulmonary resectional procedures at the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital. Between two months and fourteen months postoperation all the patients were reinvestigated with spirometry and clinical examination to evaluate their functional respiratory status. The postoperative obtained values, especially forced vital capacity [FVC] and forced expiratory volume in one second [FEV1] among the other parameters were compared with the postoperative predicted values. Estimated values of FVC and FEV1 derived from preoperative spirometry and quantitative perfusion lung scan correlated well with the measured postoperative values. The linear regression line derived from correlation between postoperative estimated[X] and postoperative measured[Y] values of FVC and FEV1 in all patients are as follows; 1. Y=0.76x + 0.39 in correlation of FVC [r=0.91] 2. Y=0.88x + 0.17 in correlation of FEV1 [r=0.96],br> This method of estimation was one of the best methods of predicting postoperative pulmonary function change and valuable in determining the extent of safe resection and postoperative prognosis to a poor risk patient with chronic obstructive lung disease.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.517-528
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• 1985

Pulmonary function studies today are generally accepted as an integral part of the evaluation of poor-risk patients who are to have pulmonary surgery. The effect of various pulmonary surgery on lung function was investigated in 54 patients in whom comprehensive lung function test were performed before and between 2 months and 14 months after operation at the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital. According to the result of analysis, the effect of pulmonary resection on forced flow rate was keeping with the change of lung volume, and the preoperative level of ventilatory function plays a major role in determining postoperative loss of functioning lung. Although all measures of expiratory flow [FVC, FEV1, FEFO.2-1.2, MEF50, FEF25-75] have the same percentage of reproducibility, but FEV1 shows most sensitive, reliable linear correlation with the functioning pulmonary tissue loss than other parameters. The linear regression lines derived from the correlation between preoperative [X] and postoperative [Y] FEV1 on various surgical procedures were as follows: 1. Y = 0.57X 0.03. in pneumonectomy group of lung cancer[r=0.84]. 2. Y = 0.56X + 0.33. in lobectomy group of lung cancer[r=0.79]. 3. Y = 0.69X + 0.25. in lobectomy group of pulmonary infection[r=0.91].

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.302-307
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to determine the changes in pain and breathing function when kinesio taping is applied to patients with myofacial trigger points on sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle. Methods: The subjects were 25 males and females aged 20 to 30 years (male 10, female 15). They were randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group to be applied with kinesio taping. Kinesio taping was applied to SCM muscle three times per week for two weeks. Pain triggered when the taut band or nodule was palpated was measured. Pain intensity was measured using the visual analog scale (VAS). The breathing function was measured using forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and FEV1/FVC ratio. In all subjects, VAS, breathing function was measured before and after intervention. Results: In the experimental group, pain in the SCM was relieved as VAS showed a significant decrease and FVC, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC ratio showed a significant increase. Comparison between the groups, showed significant differences in VAS and the FVC, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC ratio. Conclusion: These results suggest that myofascial pain on SCM muscle is thought a factor that affects the breathing function.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.58 no.12
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• pp.459-465
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• 2015

Postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PIBO) is an irreversible obstructive lung disease characterized by subepithelial inflammation and fibrotic narrowing of the bronchioles after lower respiratory tract infection during childhood, especially early childhood. Although diagnosis of PIBO should be confirmed by histopathology, it is generally based on history and clinical findings. Irreversible airway obstruction is demonstrated by decreased forced expiratory volume in 1 second with an absent bronchodilator response, and by mosaic perfusion, air trapping, and/or bronchiectasis on computed tomography images. However, lung function tests using spirometry are not feasible in young children, and most cases of PIBO develop during early childhood. Further studies focused on obtaining serial measurements of lung function in infants and toddlers with a risk of bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) after lower respiratory tract infection are therefore needed. Although an optimal treatment for PIBO has not been established, corticosteroids have been used to target the inflammatory component. Other treatment modalities for BO after lung transplantation or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation have been studied in clinical trials, and the results can be extrapolated for the treatment of PIBO. Lung transplantation remains the final option for children with PIBO who have progressed to end-stage lung disease.