• Title/Summary/Keyword: Expiration date

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Consumers의 Awareness and Utilization of Food Labels (식품표시에 대한 소비자의 인식 및 이용 실태)

  • 김향숙;백수진;이경애
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.28 no.4
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    • pp.948-953
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    • 1999
  • The objective of this study was to contribute to the enhancement of food labeling and the development of food labels which are more informative to consumers. The questionnaires had been collected from adult female consumers living in Seoul, Kyonggi, Choongnam and Chungbuk province. Out of 950 answers collected 792 were analyzed. Ninety two percent of respondents were aware of food labels, however only 67.6% of them knew about the fact that food labeling was regulated by the law. Respondents recognized the major purpose of food labeling as informing and protecting the consumer. Most of the respondents answered that they confirmed the contents of food labels at the time of purchase especially with regard to safety aspects, such as expiration on data and manufacture date. Eighty four percent of the respon dents showed confidence in the contents of food labels.The rests answered they were hot confident because they experienced directly, or indirectly discord of food contents in fact and in label.

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A Survey on the Housewives' Purchasing Behavior and Needs for Food Safety Information (주부들의 식품안전 관련 구매행동 및 정보요구도 조사)

  • Kim, Kyu-Dong;Lee, Jeung-Yun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.39 no.3
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    • pp.392-398
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    • 2010
  • This study was conducted to investigate housewives' purchase behavior and needs for information on food safety. The data were collected from 275 housewives over the age of 20 living in Seoul and metropolitan areas from March 9 to April 3 in 2009. The result of this study showed that 'checking expiration date' topped with 4.59 in the purchase behavior for food safety followed by 'buying domestics' (4.08) and 'considering food safety' (3.66). The study also showed that only 18.5% of the respondents said that they have an experience of education for food safety, and 'environmental hormones' was the highest with 89.1% in the percentage of correct answer but 'mad cow disease' was the lowest with 25.8%. Also total degree of knowledge for food hazards was an average of 8.56 out of 13. The respondents' degree of information search for food safety was generally low at 2.61 and tv/radio topped the list of information sources with 4.04, followed by newspaper/magazine (3.80), internet (3.44), and family/relatives/friends (3.39). Finally, degree of information needs for food safety was generally high with 3.82. Therefore, government, producers, distributers and academic researchers must provide consumers collective and sufficient information about the food safety and hazards through the diverse information sources. Also they have to play their respective roles in developing and executing feasible education program for consumers.

Changes in Yeast Cell Number, Total Acid and Organic Acid during Production and Distribution Processes of Makgeolli, Traditional Alcohol of Korea (한국 전통주인 막걸리의 발효 및 유통과정에서의 효모 및 총산과 유기산의 변화)

  • Lee, Teug-Jae;Hwang, Dae-Youn;Lee, Chung-Yeol;Son, Hong-Joo
    • Korean Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.45 no.4
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    • pp.391-396
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    • 2009
  • This study was carried out to investigate the changes in yeast cell number, organic acid and total acid during the fermentation and distribution processes for enhancement of preservation of Makgeolli. Organic acids, including lactic acid, succinic acid, malic acid and citric acid, were increased with fermentation time, while oxalic acid, phosphoric acid and acetic acid were not detected, respectively. Production of organic acids leaded to pH reduction in Makgeolli. In case of Makgeolli kept at $4^{\circ}C$, there was no change in organic acids until 20 days. On the other hand, when observing the change in organic acid of Makgeolli kept at $25^{\circ}C$, concentration of lactic acid was decreased, while citric acid was not detected from the beginning of storage. However, acetic acid was detected from 10th day and rapidly increased at the 25th day. Therefore, it is suggested that the current expiration date (10 days in a cooler) could be extended.

Analysis of Students' Level of Participation through the Content Analysis of the Unit of Dietary Life from Grade 9 Technology.Home Economics Textbooks (중학교 2학년 기술.가정 교과 내 식생활 단원의 내용 분석을 통한 학생들의 실천도 조사)

  • Kim, Yoon-Sun;Kim, Bok-Ran
    • Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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    • v.25 no.2
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    • pp.65-78
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    • 2013
  • The following experiment was designed to test the students' involvement in the interactive activities and objectives of the relevant chapters in the newly revised curriculum of 2007. The experiment was carried out with the purpose of understanding the level of participation of the Grade 9 students who have successfully completed the Grade 8 "Choice of Food and Diet" and "Table Manners and Dining Etiquette" courses with classified materials such as tables/diagrams/pictures, reading, and activity resources from Technology Home Economics textbooks. The chapters "Choice of Food and Diet" and "Food Preparation and Etiquette" generally emphasize the practical and experiential part of domestic life through using various activity resources; while the tables/diagrams/pictures and reading materials do not provide the students with first-hand experience, they support the students' learning by explaining the basic knowledge required for doing the activities and solving various problems. Within the main training courses, the objectives which the students achieved the highest marks were(in a descending order) "Table Manners and Dining Etiquette" (3.24), "Checking Nutrition Labels, Food Expiration Date, Country of Origin When Buying Food" (3.18), Additionally "Making Food" and "Planning a Healthy, Balanced Diet" hardly met the goals, the result of which shows clear relations to the well achieved objectives from the list of in-class activities that students directly participated in. Therefore, in order to increase the students' interest in the Food and Diet section of Technology Home Economics textbooks, it is recommended to encourage the students to actively engage in the class activities by developing various learning resources and teacher education/pedagogical materials, rather than following the conventional lecture-based teaching methods.

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A Comparative Study on the Food Hygiene Attitude and Personal Hygiene Management of High School Students according to Gender (고등학생의 식품위생태도와 개인위생관리의 성별에 따른 비교연구)

  • Kim, Suk Hee
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.207-213
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    • 2019
  • This study aimed to provide basic data for the development of education programs on food hygiene attitude and personal hygiene management of high school students according to gender. From July 16 to October 15, 2015, questionnaires were distributed to 30 students per grade at 16 high schools in Chungcheongnam-do, and a total of 1,214 questionnaires(excluding uncollected and insufficient questionnaires) were processed using SPSS(ver 18.0). According to the study, female students more checked the expiration date for food(3.78, 3.57), ate stored food without heating(2.83, 3.02) and stored it according to the characteristics(3.92, 3.72) than male students. On the other hand, male students answered they looked at food packaging more closely(3.34, 3.22), and always used personal plates when they ate(3.43, 3.32), than female students. Female students were always better at hand washing after went to toilet(4.25, 3.94), used individual cups when using water purifiers(3.45, 3.32), kept nails cleaner(3.61, 3.49), and went around(2.14, 2.53) and went to toilet during meals than male students(2.22, 2.57). Boys answered they were better at hand washing before meals(3.64, 3.50), with right way(3.58, 3.46), and covering with a tissue, handkerchief or sleeve when they coughed(3.55, 3.37) than girls. In this study, high school students showed significant differences between gender in food hygiene attitude and personal hygiene management, with different areas requiring improvement. Therefore, this study suggests the need for education on food hygiene attitude and personal hygiene management differentiated according to gender.

Report on the Stability of Freeze-dried Standard Solution (동결건조표준액의 안정성에 관한 보고)

  • Park, Jun Mo;Yoo, Hye Jung;Kim, Han Chul;Han, Geul Soon
    • The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.139-148
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    • 2012
  • Purpose : Since standard solution is the one that knows its exact concentration, the curve of the dissolution has been determined according to the amount of the solution, compared to the amount of the unknown sample. Therefore, the antigen that makes up standard materials should be made in a pure form. The configuration of the standard substance solution in the kit we use is a freeze-dried material, or made and comes as a liquid. Lyophilized reference material is used after dissolving in usually D.W. (Distilled Water), and if the antigen to use is too sensitive, reagents should be freeze-dried. Furthermore, when freeze-dried reference has to be frozen again after being dissolved, it should be kept under $-20^{\circ}C$ until the expiration date according to the reports. Since it is not expressed in the experiment if it is safe or stable to reuse the solution which was dissolved a few times, thus, this time it is tested and evaluated that the changes of the standard solution by freezing and melting several times, and its results and the effectiveness of it were compared to the solution which was kept in a fridge. Materials and Methods : Among Vitro diagnostic kits on the market made by radioimmunoassay, parathyroid hormone (PTH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), luteinizing hormone (LH) are made of freeze-dried standard solution and all composed of the same Lot.NO. These hormones melted in D.W. and were separated into three groups. In the first group, melting and freezing were repeated, and in the second group, The solution only for one time use was put into a test tube after melting and freeze it. The third group was kept in the refrigerator. This experiment has been conducted from January to February in 2012. January to 2012. PH test was employed because ph is prone to changing depending on the change of protein. Each group of the standard solution, cpm (counter per minute), and the patient relative concentration values were compared by date, and Through the correlation coefficient and Paired t-test, the significant level of each group was analyzed. Results : ACTH, PTH, LH pH values were too subtle denaturation rather than numerical changes in the protein. In addition, when the standard solution of ACTH, PTH, LH was refrigerated, after 3 days and 7 days, there was a significant difference observed between the solution being kept in a refrigerator and a freezer within a significance level. Conclusion : Standard solution should be kept in a freezer, and being kept in a fridge, it is recommended to use the solution as soon as possible.

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A study on Snack Purchasing Behavior, Understanding of Food and Nutrition Labeling of Middle School Students in Naju Area (중학생의 간식구매행동, 식품과 영양표시의 이해도 - 나주지역 일부학생들을 대상으로 -)

  • Jung, Lan-Hee;Kim, Yang-Ju;Jeon, Eun-Raye
    • Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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    • v.26 no.4
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    • pp.1-19
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    • 2014
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate perception of snack purchasing behaviors and labeling of foods and nutrition of the middle school students. The survey was conducted from 424 students who are boys and girls of middle school in Naju. Data were analyzed by a SPSS program. According to the survey, snack purchase place had a significant difference between gender(p<.05), and all of the boys and girls responded at a high rate that it's convenience store. Snack eating frequency had a significant difference between boys and girls(p<.05). Boys responded that they ate 1~2 times per a week the most, and girls responded that they ate 1~2 times per a month the most. As for snack purchasing behaviors, depending on gender, that of boys was 2.76 in average and that of girls was 2.87, lower than middle. The reason why students didn't check up food labeling, depending on gender and all of the boys and girls responded 'Expiration date' was first confirmed. As for the understanding of food expression, depending on snack expenses, the reason why food expression contents were hard showed a significant difference, depending on snack expenses(p<.05). As for the understanding of food expression, depending on snack purchase attitude, the students showed a significant difference, depending on snack purchase attitude(p<.001), and the lower the snack purchase attitude was, the less the students checked up snack expression. The reason why students checked up nutrition labeling a significant difference, depending on gender, snack expense and snack purchase attitude(p<.001). 'Weight management' was the highest. The recognition in the necessity of nutrition expression(p<.001) and the necessity of food/ nutrition education and publicity(p<.01) showed significant difference.

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Importance-Performance Analysis(IPA) of the selection attributes of functional cosmetics (기능성화장품 선택속성의 IPA(중요도-만족도) 분석)

  • Han, Do-Kyung;Lee, Hyun-Jun;Paik, Hyun-Dong;Shin, Dong-Kyoo;Park, Dae-Sub;Hwang, Hye-Sun;Hong, Wan-Soo
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.17 no.6
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    • pp.527-536
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    • 2016
  • This study aims to generate baseline data for vitalizing the sales of functional cosmetics through an Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) of the selection attributes of functional cosmetics. From the analysis of consumers' selection criteria, the study will assist functional cosmetics companies in reflecting consumer demands and therefore securing competitiveness. For this, general consumers aged over 20 years were surveyed for 5 weeks from Feb 23 through Mar 30, 2015, and 447 empirical data (response rate 88.9%) were processed through SPSS WIN 21.0 program for analysis. To conduct gender difference analysis on the IPA of the selection attributes of functional cosmetics, 17 selection attributes were categorized into 4 factors: functionality, labeling, popularity, and product. Cronbach's alpha for all factors was 0.5, proving the internal consistency and reliability of the survey. The survey results showed that while the entire average came out significantly higher for females (5.89/7points) than for males (5.66/7points) (p<0.001), the selection attributes 'anti-wrinkling', 'whitening function', 'functionality', 'expiration date', 'full ingredient labeling system' and 'various promotional events' showed significant gender differences. IPA results pertaining to gender showed 'price', 'functionality', 'spreadability' and 'full ingredient labeling system' as 2nd quadrant attributes, whereas female consumers selected 'price', 'whitening function', 'anti-wrinkling', 'functionality' and 'full ingredient labeling system' as attributes. Results show that businesses in the field of cosmetics and related areas need to prioritize improving the following factors that received low satisfaction from all consumers: 'price', 'functionality', and 'total labeling.' In particular, the 'price' aspects are considered to require reasonable and affordable pricing.

Textbook Analysis of Middle School-Home Economics and Survey on Consumption Status and Nutritional Knowledge of Milk and Dairy Products of Middle School Students in Gongju City, Chungnam Province (중학교 가정교과서의 우유 교육 내용 분석과 중학생의 우유·유제품 섭취 실태 및 영양지식 조사 - 충남 공주시 중학생을 중심으로 -)

  • Kim, Sun Hyo
    • Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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    • v.29 no.4
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    • pp.117-131
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    • 2017
  • This study was performed to analyze education contents related to milk in current home economics textbooks of middle school, and to investigate intake status, consumption behaviors, perception and nutritional knowledge of milk and dairy products among 364 middle school students in Gongju for improvement of milk education in home economics subjects and milk intake of adolescents. As a result, education contents of milk and dairy products in home economics textbooks currently applied in middle school were major nutrients, consumption method for balanced diet, and selection and storage of milk and dairy products, thus it tended not to match current food trend. Only 30.5% of subjects met 2 cups of milk a day, the recommended level. The main reason for drinking milk was to 'be taller' and 'to quench thirst' and there was a difference by gender(p<0.01). The rate of not participating in school milk program was 23.1% of total and its satisfaction was moderate. The most popular dairy products by subjects were ice cream, followed by yogurt and cheese, and the choice of milk was focused on 'taste' or 'expiration date'. The rate of knowing certification mark of K-MILK was low at 28.8%, and most subjects knew as 'domestic milk use'. In home economics class, experience-based learning such as cow ranch experience was the most preferred instruction method for milk followed by laboratory practice and lecture, and there was a difference by gender(p<0.001). Perception degree of milk and dairy products was moderate and male subjects were more positively perceived than female subjects(p<0.01). Nutritional knowledge level of milk and dairy products was moderate and female subjects were higher than male subjects(p<0.01). Therefore, education contents of milk and dairy products of home economics textbooks of middle school should be centered on real life in accordance with food trend, and applied student participation-based instruction methods such as experience-based learning. In addition, it is necessary to enhance taste and merchandise of milk and to provide them with preferred milk and dairy products in school milk program for improvement of milk intake of adolescents.

Study on economic effects of outsourcing of food materials on the hotel kitchen - Focus on cooking Western food in the first class hotel - (식재료 아웃소싱이 경제적 주방에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 - 특1급호텔 양식조리를 중심으로 -)

  • 성태종
    • Journal of Applied Tourism Food and Beverage Management and Research
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.45-69
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    • 2002
  • This study is designed to examine feasibility and limitation of outsourcing in cooking Western food in a hotel, to interpret importance of outsourcing(eg. outside order, outside procurement, outside supply) in a broad sense in order to reinforce the core capacity in the cooking department, and to know whether the cooking human power is efficiently used and how much the chefs recognize outsourcing of food materials. As many companies conduct restructuring to cut down its size, the reduction of human power led the Western food cooking in the hotel to lower core capacities, lower quality, and lower efficiency. In addition, the sagging morale of chefs undermined creativity. To change from the traditional kitchen to an economic kitchen needs to look into importance of outsourcing, cognitive attitude of chefs, relation with outside suppliers. Here suggests performance of positive changes in the structure The study examined feasibility and limitation of outsourcing in the hotel kitchen as well as chefs' cognitive attitude toward outsourcing of food materials to reinforce core capabilities of the hotel kitchen. 1. Companies of outsourcing are selected according to variability of price conditions, flexibility of contract conditions, popularity of the outsourcing company, and reputation of the outsourcing company. 2. The importance of outsourcing in the Western food cooking is divided into 4 factors such as standard of selecting outsourcing companies, policies of cooking manu, quality of cooking, and quantity of cooking. 3. The most feasible section in outsourcing of food materials is a process of kneading flour for bread, which shows that many Western-food chefs expect to put higher possibility of outsourcing on the kneading. In other words, when it comes to confectionery and bakery, there are many outside expert processing companies supplying high quality products. In the order of outsourcing feasibility, sauce is followed by processed vegetable, garnish of main dish, and soup. The least feasible section in outsourcing of food materials is appetize. Appetize includes a concept of a improvised dish and needs speed. Due to its color, freshness, and sensibility of taste, the appetize plays a key role in the Western food cooking. 4. When outsourcing is taken in place, the highest risk is to lower the inner cooking skills. Therefore chefs in charge of the Western food sequently recognize both internal problems including storage of cooking skills, unstability of layoffs, and loss of cooperation between departments, and external problems including inferior goods, difficulty of differentiating manu, delay of delivery, and expiration date. It shows that most of the Western food chefs consider risks of the internal problems at first. 5. A effective outsourcing needs appropriate selection of outsourcing companies, maintenance of credibility, active communication, check and management of hygiene. However regardless of their position or career, chefs in charge of the Western food have the same cognitive attitude toward selecting successful outsourcing companies after the outsourcing system is enforced. The core of cooking, or a final stage in the full process of so-called artistic cooking, should be treated with insourcing. Reduction of several cooking processes resulted in shortened cooking time, increased efficiency, faster cooking, cutting the waiting-lines, and finally more room for customers. The outsourcing system can reduce or eliminate the following processes in cooking: buying various food materials, checking, storing, preparing, and processing. Especially in the Western food cooking department of a hotel, the outsourcing system should be enforced to make an economic kitchen and to efficiently manage it. Wow it's time to change from the traditional kitchen to an economic kitchen in the hotel cooking department. For that, the cooking department should become a small but strong organization by outsourcing except its core work.

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