• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.16-28
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• 2007

In this study, the implications for landscape architecture in the restoration Project of Cheonggyecheon will be shown through the analysis of factors for landscape architect scheme modification. The method of study consists of theoretical study, analysis of the plan and design of landscape architecture of the restoration project of Cheonggyecheon, and deduction of implications thereof. The controversial feints included the many difficulties in realizing the productive design of landscape architecture due to the selective collecting of public opinion and the problems of settling the complications, the design limit of the turnkey and MA systems, the lack of hydraulic knowledge and technology and the shortage of vegetation monitoring data and experimental materials. The alternative proposals are as follows: 1) there should be agreement between the government organization and the civil group, 2) in the turnkey bidding for the river restoration projects, the river restoration design based on the volume divided into some parts should be reconsidered in order to maintain consistency in the total design, 3) in order to maintain consistency in the planning policies, MA designs should also be introduced and applied from the first stage of the project through its completion, and 4) data such as the safe water level in case of flooding for the facilities and the vegetation and data in connection with the ecological restoration of river should be accumulated. If these controversies are not settled effectively, the river restoration project will be delayed due to complications with the citizens and wasted time and effort will result from the frequent design changes. In addition, landscape architecture in this kind of restoration project is bound to decrease in the future due to frequent changes in the hydraulic-centered design.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.201-210
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• 2014

Recently, it is considered that the fashion flagship stores are being standardized as they are focusing only on external decorations and that they are hardly expressing their own intrinsic identities. That being the case, the fashion flagship stores are, now, pursuing diversity and are trying for any experimental designs in order to make their spaces more unique than those of other fashion flagship stores are, and regarding customers who would visit the stores, they have this desire to experience spaces, which are all unusual and different, just quickly while they shop. The topic of this study, depaysement which is making it unfamiliar, applies some unfamiliar a stimulus to people, and that makes the users remember this realization of original images and psychological stimuli as long as possible as leading the users to experience those spaces of special values. In the light of that, this study categorizes the features of depaysement into those groups, such as distortion of scales, juxtaposition of foreign materials, fantasy and ambiguity of a boundary, and analyzes the interior spaces of the fashion flagship stores. After all, this study applies depaysement to the fashion flagship stores' interior spaces, which have been all familiarized and standardized through some habitual relations, and works on different stimuli in order to invite the users to experiences of those totally new senses which are different from what the users have been felt in their daily lives. In the end, the study aims to propose ideas for how to design a place attractive enough to make the users revisit the place as after going through such memory process mentioned on the above.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.34 no.12
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• pp.1093-1099
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• 2010

For Very High Temperature Reactors (VHTR), the designs of the Intermediate Heat Transport Loop (IHTL) and the Intermediate Heat Exchanger (IHX) are particularly difficult because of the high-temperature operation (up to $950^{\circ}C$). In this study, Flinak molten salt, a eutectic mixture of LiF, NaF, and KF (46.5:11.5:42.0 mole %) is considered as the heat transporting fluid in the IHTL. To evaluate the flow and heat transfer performance of the Flinak molten salt in small channels with hydraulic diameters in the millimeter range, a double-pipe heat exchanger was constructed using small-diameter tubes for the heat exchange between the Flinak and the gas flow. The experimental data showed that, for laminar Flinak flow, the measured friction factors were close to the 64/Re curve and the Nusselt numbers were generally between 3.66 and 4.36.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.147-152
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• 2010

The Internet has become a major channel of business marketing and sales, and there is a core competitive object between websites for a high position ranking in search engine results. There are various ways to maintain the high position ranking of website involving the development of componental coding or the expensive investment for the search engine optimization. The purpose of this paper is proposed to identify and rank the negative elements of website visibility to get rid of those elements when website designer designs the webpage. Website can be removed from indices of search engines when they are not satisfied for search engine optimization. The proposed experiments that are identified and ranked the negative elements of website visibility in this paper are based on the theories and experiments of existing website visibility models. The experimental analyses in this paper are scored and normalized based on methodologies of those models and 10 highest negative elements are ranked through the analyses. Therefore when website is designed, these highest negative elements should be avoided so website can not be removed in the indices of search engines.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.145-151
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• 2018

This paper is a study on city brand development which is increasingly interested as a means to enhance the attractiveness of the city. the previous research, the design of city brand identity was an application from the internal stakeholder's point of view related to the metropolitan government. However, in the present study, we tried to take a external approach that perceptions and designs city brands from the related to the consumer. For the purpose of research, based on previous studies, we extracted three images of leading, stable and amusing city brand images and prepared three scenarios for the imaginary city as experimental stimuli. The results showed that the overall city brand attitude, residence intention, and tourism intention to the imaginary city were significantly different according to the leading, stability and amusement brand image. According to the results of this study, it is necessary to continuously effort the development of city brand image which is perceived by consumers in order to differentiate city.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.49-62
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• 2014

The current study extends previous research by investigating the role of shopping experience and product type within the direction of online reviews and information reliability and product attitude. To test the hypotheses, this study conducted experimental designs. Direction of online reviews and product type were manipulated as between-subject factors. Then participants were classified into high or low group based on their shopping frequency. Dependent variable was information reliability and product attitude. The results indicate that direction of online reviews have a significant effect on both information reliability and product attitude. In addition, consumers' shopping experience also shows a moderating effect between the direction of online reviews and the dependent variables. Furthermore, product type also shows a moderating effect on the information reliability, yet not on the product attitude. The results of this study contribute to the literature as a new attempt to examine the direction of online reviews in the online shopping area. We also indicated the limitations of this study, and suggested the future research directions.

• Particle and aerosol research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.79-87
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• 2013

In this study, the characteristics of turbulent flow and collection efficiency for an one-stage electrostatic precipitator(ESP) with slit type collecting electrode for urban railway underground tunnels were obtained using computational fluid dynamics(CFD) commercial code FLUENT 6.3 and lab-scale experiments. The electrostatic precipitator was operated under high gas velocity(3~12m/s). Five different designs of collecting electrode, flat plate-type and a slit-type of 3mm, 5mm, 7mm and 10mm slit width and four various gas velocity(3, 6, 9, and 12m/s) were used and applied. A standard k-${\varepsilon}$ model in CFD commercial code FLUENT 6.3 was used for flow simulation. The flow simulation results showed that the turbulent intensity of flat plate-type was higher than slit-type under all gas velocity conditions and also the turbulent intensity of flat plate-type was increased continuously, but in case of slit-type was maintained at constant range. And, the turbulent intensity was decreased according to increasing of slit width. The experimental results showed that the collection efficiency of slit-type was higher than flat plate-type under all gas velocity conditions. And, over 6m/s gas velocity condition, the collection efficiency of 5mm and 7mm was highest, when compared to 3mm and 10mm.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.254-257
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• 2017

As a part of the development of aircraft gas turbines, combustion performance tests have been conducted in the single combustor sector. The effects of change in the amount of air supplied to the main combustion zone to the performance of the combustor, such as a pollutant emission, a liner temperature distribution and an exit temperature patterns, were studied. Emissions of CO and NOx increased with the main air-ratio and exit temperature pattern was improved. When changing the pattern of the dilution holes, it was shown that the temperature patterns on the exit plane of the combustor and the surface of liner changed depending on the main flame structure and mixing with diluent air. These observations will be applied to combustor liner designs to improve combustor durability and emissions reduction performance.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.1135-1152
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• 2015

Most of current bridge decks are made of reinforced concrete and often deteriorate at a relatively rapid rate in operational environments. The quick deterioration of the deck often impacts other critical components of the bridge. Another disadvantage of the concrete deck is its high weight in long-span bridges. Therefore, it is essential to examine new materials and innovative designs using hybrid system consisting conventional materials such as concrete and steel with FRP plates which is also known as composite deck. Since these decks are relatively new, so it would be useful to evaluate their performances in more details. The present study is dedicated to Hat-Shape composite girder with concrete slab. The structural performance of girder was evaluated with nonlinear finite element method by using ABAQUS and numerical results have been compared with experimental results of other researches. After ensuring the validity of numerical modeling of composite deck, parametric studies have been conducted; such as investigating the effects of constituent properties by changing the compressive strength of concrete slab and Elasticity modulus of GFRP materials. The efficacy of the GFRP box girders has been studied by changing GFRP material to steel and aluminum. In addition, the effect of Cross-Sectional Configuration has been evaluated. It was found that the behavior of this type of composite girders can be studied with numerical methods without carrying out costly experiments. The material properties can be modified to improve ultimate load capacity of the composite girder. strength-to-weight ratio of the girder increased by changing the GFRP material to aluminum and ultimate load capacity enhanced by deformation of composite girder cross-section.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.175-191
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• 2016

In this work, oil-in-water emulsions (O/W) were prepared successfully by membrane emulsification with $0.5{\mu}m$ pore size membrane. Sunflower oil was emulsified in aqueous Tween80 solution with a simple crossflow apparatus equipped with ceramic tube membrane. In order to increase the shear-stress near the membrane wall, a helical-shaped reducer was installed within the lumen side of the tube membrane. This method allows the reduction of continuous phase flow and the increase of dispersed phase flux, for cost effective production. Results were compared with the conventional cross-flow membrane emulsification method. Monodisperse O/W emulsions were obtained using tubular membrane with droplet size in the range $3.3-4.6{\mu}m$ corresponded to the membrane pore diameter of $0.5{\mu}m$. The final aim of this study is to obtain O/W emulsions by simple membrane emulsification method without reducer and compare the results obtained by membrane equipped with helix shaped reducer. To indicate the results statistical methods, $3^p$ type full factorial experimental designs were evaluated, using software called STATISTICA. For prediction of the flux, droplet size and PDI a mathematical model was set up which can describe well the dependent variables in the studied range, namely the run of the flux and the mean droplet diameter and the effects of operating parameters. The results suggested that polynomial model is adequate for representation of selected responses.