• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.311-316
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of anaerobic fermentation of wheat bran to prevent root-knot nematodes which are infected in plastic house due to over 10 years continuous cultivation of fruits and vegetables. Anaerobic fermentation treatment of wheat bran was done for 20 days by mixture of 2,000 kg fresh wheat bran per 10 are and soil with water in 30 cm soil depth. Chemical treatment of fosthiazate was done by mixture of 6 kg soil for 7 days. Both treatments show suppression of density of rootknot nematodes, especially in anaerobic fermentation treatment. Anaerobic fermentation treatment keeps the low level of root-knot nematode density until 90 days of cultivation and also showed good effect of melon growth. Related with death percentage of melon plant, anaerobic fermentation treatment shows only 3% and also large size of quality fruit but control 65%. Anaerobic fermentation treatment of wheat bran have proved to control the level of root-knot nematodes instead of synthetic chemicals for at least one cropping season and it showed good effect to fruit quality.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.383-387
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• 2014

In this paper, for a new detection system development with the better accurate dose evaluation and beam distribution imaging using the small field irradiation of linear accelerator, the compound semiconductor based detection sensors were fabricated and the performance evaluation was investigated. The special particle-in-binder sedimentation was used for a large area film sensor fabrication. The detection properties for high energy x-rays were investigated from a dark current, an output current, a rising time, a falling time, and response delay measurement. The experimental results, the $TiO_2$ mixed $HgI_2$ sensor showed the best electrical characteristics than $PbI_2$, PbO, pure $HgI_2$. Linearity, repeatability, and accuracy tests from LINAC were tested, the $TiO_2$ mixed $HgI_2$ sensor showed the better performance than the commercially available dosimetry devices.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.61-66
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• 2018

This research scrutinizes the self-annealing characteristics of copper used to metal interconnection for application of DRAM fabrication process. As the time goes after the copper deposited, the grain of copper is growing. It is called self-annealing. We use the electroplating method for copper deposition and estimate two kinds of electroplating chemicals having different organic additives. As the time of self-annealing is elapsed, sheet resistance decreases with logarithmic dependence of time and is finally saturated. The improvement of sheet resistance is approximately 20%. The saturation time of experimental sample is shorter than that of reference sample. We can find that self-annealing is highly efficient in grain growth of copper through the measurement of TEM analysis. The structure of copper grain is similar to the bamboo type useful for current flow. The results of thermal excursion characteristics show that the reliability of self-annealed sample is better than that of sample annealed at higher temperature. The self-annealed sample is not contained in hillock. The self-annealed samples grow until $2{\mu}m$ and develop in [100] direction more favorable for reliability.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.93-100
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• 2020

3D printing technology enables proper objects to be made through an additive manufacturing method, but resulting in dimension deviation of the product due to contraction phenomenon as cooling melted filament resin injected from high-temperature use environment. In this research, we studied on acrylic adhesives for 3D printer build sheet in order to fabricate high-quality products with a precise shape and to well-mount without distortion. The solvent-free UV-curable acrylic adhesive formulation was designed by adding 4-acryloylmorpholine (ACMO) with high adhesion, toughness, glass transition temperature so that adhesion properties are stable at high temperature and products are easily mounted/detached from the adhesives. The designed formulation was polymerized through two-steps using post-addition of monomers. Using this, the acrylic adhesive was coated to make a film and then analyzed using various experimental techniques. As a result, the fabricated adhesive exhibited high glass transition temperature and there was little gap in peel strength before and after thermal treatment. Moreover, it was confirmed by rheological analysis that this adhesive can provide great bonding/debonding ability without distortion. We demonstrated the fabrication of a rectangular product using a 3D printing method using our acrylic adhesive as a build sheet. Mounting ability and workability were satisfactory and dimension deviation of the product was tiny. Because the product is easily detachable from the acrylic adhesive developed here than conventional build sheets, it is expected that this will provide work convenience to users who use the 3D printer.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.3 no.4 s.10
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• pp.117-126
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• 2001

In this research, evaluation of adhesion in tension property of SBR-modified concrete to ordinary portland cement concrete was conducted with uniaxial direct tensile bond test which was proposed by Kuhlmann. A test set-up was fabricated in order to minimize the eccentric force by introducing a joint which might fully rotate. The main experimental variables were cement-latex ratios, surface preparations and moisture levels. The results obtained were as follows: The LMC specimen at 15% latex-cement ratio increased the adhesion in tension by range of 37% compared to that of conventional cement concrete. This might be due to latex film formed between cement paste and aggregate. The effects of surface preparation on bond of latex modified concrete to conventional concrete were significant at the conditions by sand paper and wire brush. A better bond could be achieved by rough surface rather than smooth. The saturated and surface dry (SSD) condition were considered to be the most appropriate moisture level followed by wet, finally by dry. Thus, a proper surface preparation and moisture level are quite necessity in order to obtain better bonding at LMC overlay.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.221-221
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• 2014

The present work proposes an improved numerical simulator for design and modification of large area capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) processing chamber. CCP, as notoriously well-known, demands the tremendously huge computational cost for carrying out transient analyses in realistic multi-dimensional models, because electron dissociations take place in a much smaller time scale (${\Delta}t{\approx}10-8{\sim}10-10$) than time scale of those happened between neutrals (${\Delta}t{\approx}10-1{\sim}10-3$), due to the rf drive frequencies of external electric field. And also, for spatial discretization of electron flux (Je), exponential scheme such as Scharfetter-Gummel method needs to be used in order to alleviate the numerical stiffness and resolve exponential change of spatial distribution of electron temperature (Te) and electron number density (Ne) in the vicinity of electrodes. Due to such computational intractability, it is prohibited to simulate CCP deposition in a three-dimension within acceptable calculation runtimes (<24 h). Under the situation where process conditions require thickness non-uniformity below 5%, however, detailed flow features of reactive gases induced from three-dimensional geometric effects such as gas distribution through the perforated plates (showerhead) should be considered. Without considering plasma chemistry, we therefore simulated flow, temperature and species fields in three-dimensional geometry first, and then, based on that data, boundary conditions of two-dimensional plasma discharge model are set. In the particular case of SiH4-NH3-N2-He CCP discharge to produce deposition of SiNxHy thin film, a cylindrical showerhead electrode reactor was studied by numerical modeling of mass, momentum and energy transports for charged particles in an axi-symmetric geometry. By solving transport equations of electron and radicals simultaneously, we observed that the way how source gases are consumed in the non-isothermal flow field and such consequences on active species production were outlined as playing the leading parts in the processes. As an example of application of the model for the prediction of the deposited thickness uniformity in a 300 mm wafer plasma processing chamber, the results were compared with the experimentally measured deposition profiles along the radius of the wafer varying inter-electrode gap. The simulation results were in good agreement with experimental data.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.793-798
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• 2017

In modern naval ships, an infrared signature suppression (IRSS) system is used to reduce the metal surface temperature of the heated exhaust pipe and high-temperature exhaust gases generated from the propulsion system. Generally, the IRSS systems used in Korean naval ships consist of an eductor, mixing tube, and diffuser. The diffuser reduces the temperature of the metal surface by creating an air film due to a pressure difference between the internal gas and the external air. In this study, design variables were selected by analyzing the shapes of a diffuser designed by an advanced overseas engineering company. The characteristics of the design variables that affect the performance of the IRSS were investigated through the Taguchi experimental method. A heat flow analysis technique for IRSS systems established in previous studies was used analyze the performance of the diffuser. The performance evaluation was based on the area-averaged value of the metal surface temperature and exhaust gas temperature at the outlet of the diffuser, which are directly related to the intensity of the infrared signature. The results show that the temperature of the exhaust gas was significantly affected by changes in the diameter of the diffuser outlet, and the temperature of the diffuser's metal surface was significantly affected by changes in the number of diffuser rings.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.665-683
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• 2002

A novel glucanhydrolase from a mutant of Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 has additional amylase activity besides mutanolytic activity and has been suggested as promising anti-plaque agent. It has been shown effective in hydrolysis of mutan, reduction of mutan formation by Streptococcus mutans and removal pre-formed sucrose-dependent adherent microbial film and has been strongly bound to hydroxyapatitie. These in vitro properties of Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 glucanhydrolase are desirable for its application as a dental plaque control agent. In human experimental gingivitis　model and 6 month clinical trial, mouthrinsing with Lipomyces　starkeyi KSM 22 dextranase was comparable to 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash in inhibition of plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation and local side effect was negligible. This study was aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 glucanhydrolase on human gingival fibroblasts. Primary culture of human gingival fibroblasts at the 4th to 6th passages were used. Glucanhydrolase solution was made from lyophilized glucanhydrolase powder from a mutant of Lipomyces stakeyi KSM 22 solved in PBS and added to DMEM medium to the final concentration of 0.5, 1, and 2 unit. Cells were exposed to glucanhydrolase solution or 0.1 % chlorhexidine and the cells cultured in DMEM with 10% FBS and 1% antibiotics as control. After exposure, the morphological change, cell attachment, and cell activity by MTT assay were evaluated in 0.5, 1.5, 3, 6, 24 hours after treatment. The cell proliferation and cell activity was also evaluated at 2 and 7 days after 1 minute exposure, twice a day. The cell morphology was similar between the Lipomyces smkeyi KSM 22 glucanhydrolase groups and control group during the incubation periods, while most fibroblasts remained as round cell regardless of incubation time in the chlorhexidine group. The numbers of the attached cells in the glucanhydrolase groups were comparable to that of control and significantly higher than the chlorhexidine group. The numbers of the proliferated cells in the glucanhydrolase groups at 7 days of incubation were comparable to the control group and higher than the chlorhexidine group. The cell activity in glucanhydrolase groups paralleled with the increased cell number by attachment and proliferation. According to these results, Lipomyces starkeyj KSM 22 glucanhydrolase has little harmful effect on attachment and proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts, in contrast to 0.1% chlorhexidine which was cytotoxic to human gingival fibroblasts. Therefore this glucanhydrolase preparation is considered as a safe and promising agent for new mouthwash formula in the near future.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.45
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• pp.367-396
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• 2016

As an animation educator at Mahidol University International College, Bangkok, for eight years I have been in a privileged position to be educating a small section of a new generation of Thai animators. Thailand has had little animation experimentation of their own and pre-internet had limited access to such diversity so I have attempted to bring some of the wealth of animation history, in particular British and European, as this is my background, into the classroom. In particular my teaching aim has been to introduce various possibilities to the choices of medium, styles and textual narratives that early (and current) experimental and independent animators have explored. Since the release of the first commercial feature film, Khun Kluay 2006, the Thai animation industry has gone through various highs and lows in the commercial sector, building a skilled workforce, many of whom trained and worked abroad then returned. Now there is strong evidence of an independent animation starting to emerge. In a continuation to my research on Thai Animation this paper will analyze selected independent works in more detail, exploring the themes, style and technology used. Whilst also acknowledging the possible mis- interpretation as that this is coming from the perspective of an outsider whose cultural language and interpretation may transcend the creators' given experiences and add alternative interpretation. The aim will be to contextualize the content, ideas and cultural perspective and bring more Thai works into the gaze of animation studies academics

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.49
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• pp.589-610
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• 2017

This study aimed at examining the music world of the composer Muczynski, who played an important and meaningful role in the various experimental trends of music which began to appear in the early $20^{th}$ century, and his works, thereby understanding his relationship with the development of music of various genres today. In the study, his pieces of piano music among his works, which formed the basis for his music, were analyzed. The study examined stylistic characteristics, that is techniques of various types including form, melody, harmony, tonality, rhythm and structure, and introduced the composer's growth in terms of music and philosophical background. Muczynski, the composer who showed the characteristics of neoclassicism, neoromanticism and neobaroque in contrast to the various forms of the $20^{th}$ music, namely music of free styles including atonal music, twelve-tone technique, avant-garde music and electronic music, used traditional forms. However, the characteristics of his works are very free. In addition, in the 1960s, he participated in the production of documentary movie music, creating very creative and sensational music. Muczynski's music has the features of tonality and shows neoclassic and neoromantic features including economical idea, lyrical melody, bitonality and nine-note scale. His music, therefore, is being evaluated as very creative and valuable and is largely significant in that it has provided a good basis for the development of modern movie music and jazz music today.