• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.95-108
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was 1)to examine the effect of various stress on adjustment in terms of depression and well-being, 2) to examine whether the widow's self complexity and coping behavior mediate the effect of various stress on adjustment . The subject was composed of 117 women in the first 7 years of their widowhood. The major results of findings were as following: 1. Widows experienced children-related stress(54.7%), financial stress(47%), emotional loneliness(42.7%), relational stress(34.2%), and instrumental stress(27.4%) in their order. 2. Widows who experienced emotion loneliness had high depression and low well-being. And Widows who experienced financial stress reported low well-being. 3. When widows experienced instrumental stress, Widows who had high active coping behavior reported high well-being than widows who had low active coping behavior.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.153-161
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was designed to find out whether normal saline(NS) acupuncture is able to be constituted as an appropriate control group for Cervi Cornu Parvum herbal acupuncture(CC). Methods : NS and CC were injected into Quchi($LI_{11}$) of the subjects. The subjects completed a questionnaire rating the intensity of 21 kinds of acupuncture sensation(hurting, penetrating, sharp, aching, intense, spreading, radiating, tingling, pricking, stinging, pulling, heavy, dull, numb, electric, shocking, hot, burning, cool, pulsing, and throbbing) and side effects. We compared subjective evaluations of acupuncture sensation and side effects between two groups. Results : As for CC most of the acupuncture sensation items were not significantly different from NS especially in less acupuncture-experienced subjects(average 2, below 10 time experiences) rather than more acupuncture-experienced subjects(above 10 time experiences). Conclusions : We found that NS might be an appropriate placebo herbal acupuncture for CC in small amount of acupuncture-experienced subjects. Further study is needed for new placebo herbal acupuncture for CC in more acupuncture-experienced subjects.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.348-356
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• 2012

This study aimed to analyze the effect of demographic characteristics of consumers and quality recognition factors on purchase intention of organic wine, and to provide preliminary data necessary for the development of wine industry. By factor analysis of collected surveys, quality recognition factors of both the experienced and non-experienced group of organic wine environment/health, varieties of grapes, price, and four brand elements. First, among demographic characteristics, only income level hae a significant influence on the changes in quality recognition causes. Each of quality recognition causes of organic wine had a significant relation with purchase intent. The result of our analysis suggested that 'environment/health' was most influential for the experienced group, and 'health' was most influential for the non-experienced group. Therefore, this hypothesis is supported.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.12
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• pp.145-157
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to examine the relations of mother-adolescent relationships and adolescents' self-esteem to their achievement motivation. The mediating role of adolescent' self-esteem was also explored in the relations between mother-adolescent relationships and their achievement motitation. The subjects of this study consisted of 284 2nd-grade middle school students living in D city. The major findings were that adolescents who experienced higher maternal warmth showed higher achievement motivation, while those who experienced higher maternal rejection/restriction showed lower achievement motivation. Adolescent who experienced higher open family communication reported higher achievement motivation, and those who experienced higher problem in family communication reported lower achievement motivation. The higher self-esteem was, the higher adolescents' achievement motivation was. Adolescents' self-esteem mediated in the relations between maternal rejection/restriction and problems in family communication and their achievement motivation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.314-325
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• 1999

The purposes of this study were to classify the types of consumers' emotion experienced in-store by shopping motivation and to examined the effects of store environmental factors on emotion and on shopping behavior. The questionnaires were administered to 330 women shopped in department store. Data from 299 women were analyzed by using frequency t-test and regression analysis by SPSS for windows PC program The results of this study were as follows : 1. The consumers' emotion experienced in -store were composed of five factors. But it could be divided by positive negative factors. 2. There was not significant difference in positive emotion between he Product Pu-rchasing Motive Group and the Window Shopping Motive Group. But there was significant difference n negative emotion between two groups. 3. It was found that the effect of environmental factors of apparel store on emotion was significant in both groups. Especially salespeoples' pressure significantly influenced negative emotion in both groups. 4. The emotion experienced in -store significantly influenced clothing shopping behavior.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.200-209
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was to investigate the types and seriousness of pregnancy-related physical and psychological symptoms among pregnant couples. Method: Subjects consisted of 77 pregnant couples at one hospital in Seoul, Korea. The pregnant couples had not been diagnosed with any medical complications. Data were analyzed by the SPSS WIN program. Result: In the degree of physical and psychological symptoms of pregnancy experienced by subjects, the mean score of perceived physical symptoms (2.40, 1.86) was higher than the mean score of psychological symptoms(2.13, 1.83) for both pregnant women and their spouses. In the couple's difference of physical and psychological symptoms of pregnancy experienced by subjects, there were not statistically significant differences in the physical symptoms: "I have hemorrhoids"(t=1.91, p=.06), "My body weight decreased"(t=1.78, p=.08), "I have colds more often"(t=1.77, p=.08), and "I became more active than ordinary times"(t=1.99, p=.05) or in the psychological symptoms: "I am more elated than ordinary times"(t=.83, p=.41), and "I feel inferior"(t=1.62, p=.11). Therefore, these symptoms are coincidental between couples. In the difference of physical and psychological symptoms of pregnancy experienced by subjects according to general characteristics, there were not significant differences. In the relationship between physical and psychological symptoms experienced by subjects, there were statistically significant correlations between subject's physical symptoms and psychological symptoms(r=.54, p<.001; r=.78, p<.001). Conclusion: Physical and psychological symptoms of pregnancy experienced by pregnant couples are an issue for nurses who perform an important role in the care of pregnant women and their spouses.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.409-420
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• 2018

Objectives: An outbreak of humidifier disinfectant-related respiratory disease has not only been a massive disaster for end users, but it is also a concern for the workers of the manufacturers. This study presents the results of a questionnaire survey on the health effects among workers involved in the manufacture of humidifier disinfectants. Methods: Seven sites where humidifier disinfectants were manufactured were identified. A questionnaire survey was conducted to assess the physical symptoms experienced by workers related to humidifier disinfectants. Among a total of 177 workers, 42 subjects were available for the survey. Results: Twenty-one of the 42 respondents reported that they experienced respiratory or skin and mucosal irritation symptoms during work. Of the respondents who experienced symptoms, 14 believed that their symptoms were related to the work process and reported that the symptoms were experienced while working. However, no respondents reported ongoing symptoms or sequelae during the investigation period, and this result could not minimize selection bias due to low response rates. We then compared the characteristics of the group who experienced suspicious symptoms with those of the group without any symptoms. There was no statistically significant difference between two groups. Conclusions: We could not find significant health effects related to the humidifier disinfectant manufacturing process, although 21 respondents experienced stimulant symptoms and 14 respondents believed that the symptoms were related to the work process. Due to the long period of time after occupational exposure and the lack of data, there were many limitations to this study. However, this is one of the few follow-up investigations of workers related to this large-scale disaster in South Korea and the limitations of this study highlight the need to follow up with a nationwide database rather than an occasional survey.

• School Mathematics
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.385-404
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• 2011

Currently, reflective teaching has been actively studied in terms of teachers' professional development relating to classroom instruction. The present study looked at, using the method of a case study, the differences between a novice and an experienced elementary school mathematics teachers' beliefs demonstrated during their reflective teaching. The findings of the study show that at the intial stage of reflective teaching, the novice teacher identified few errors during class and was not enthusiastic about applying the results of her reflective teaching due to lack of confidence. By contrast, the experienced teacher identified more errors during class than the novice teacher and had fewer reflections due to a sense of confidence. As the teachers' engagement in reflective teaching increased with time, they both felt the need for advice from experts on mathematics teaching and directed their attention to interactions with their students away from teacher-centered instruction. Further, the novice teacher engaged in more teacher-student interactions than the experienced teacher, and the experienced teacher increased the frequency of teaching reflection. Based on the findings, the article suggests a number of implications for the cooperative reflective teaching between novice and experienced teachers and the improvement of classroom instruction.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.9-23
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• 2011

This study aimed to investigate the effects of tutors' domain and teaching expertise on learning outcomes in a problem based learning (PBL) environment. Four tutors and 25 first-year medical students participated in this study. Tutors' domain expertise was classified by clinical or non-clinical which is basic medicine and teaching expertise by previous tutoring experiences or not. The results showed a statistically significant difference in achievement depending on the tutors' domain expertise. Students grouped with an experienced clinical tutor attained higher achievement scores than those with an experienced non-clinical tutor, while those with an inexperienced non-clinical tutor attained higher scores than those with both inexperienced clinical tutors and experienced non-clinical tutors. Students with clinical medicine tutors also showed higher satisfaction scores than those with non-clinical medicine tutors. In particular, students grouped with an experienced clinical tutor gained higher satisfaction scores than those with inexperienced non-clinical tutors, and among the inexperienced tutors, students tutored by a clinical tutor showed higher scores than those with a non-clinical tutor. Different intervention styles were also found depending on tutors' domain and teaching expertise. Experienced tutors gradually reduced the tutoring intervention, whereas the novice provided more as the semester proceeded. Moreover, experts with a clinical medicine degree preferred direct teaching, whereas, non-clinical tutors preferred facilitating. Also, experienced tutors in the clinical medicine facilitated critical awareness than the other tutors. These results show the importance of developing a program for novice tutors to improve PBL in medical education.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.577-587
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• 2013

This study aimed to elicit the variability of appetite and food intake patterns in female college students during different menstrual phases. The craving for certain foods and physiological and psychological symptoms of menstrual phase (pre- and post-menstrual) were investigated by self-administered questionnaire. Three hundred and sixty six students who were 20.9 years old and had $19.8kg/m^2$ of BMI volunteered to participate in this study. Most of the subjects (89.5%) experienced the premenstrual syndrome (PMS) such as irritation, bodily fatigue, nervosity. Symptoms such as tiredness, stomachache, changes in taste and increased appetite were pointed out to be experienced at the onset of the menstrual cycle. The variability of food intake in premenstrual phase, 11.0% of subjects had decreased food intake where as 68.8% had experienced increased intake. The postmenstrual phase, 20.1% had decreased food intake while 45.2% had experienced increased intake due to changes in the appetite. Before starting menstruation, most of the subjects craved for sweets. The group who had experienced abnormal appetite during menstrual phase was significantly high ratio in overweight and obese students (p<0.05). We also observed an association between the PMS score and the variability of eating patterns during the menstrual phase. The students who experienced changing appetite and food intake had significantly high PMS score in the premenstrual phase (p<0.01) and postmenstrual phase (p<0.05). These results suggested a need for future study related to changes in the actual nutrient intake and activity level during the menstrual phase.