• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.79 no.4
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• pp.413-418
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• 1990

Since 1945, the periodical reforestation projects considered as the fundamental apparatus of the forest policy of the Government have been continuously carried out during last 40 years in Korea. As a result, some of the forests are ready to be harvested, especially in well-managed plantations as well as in the natural forests. This requires to pay more attention to harvesting the timber rather than planting trees. At the present, such timber harvesting operations such as cutting, felling, bucking, and skidding and yarding, particularly yarding operations in mountain areas with harsh terrains are in the most cases depend upon man power. However, the yarding operations should be more mechanized in the near future in Korea mainly because of the high cost of labour couppled with the lack of labour in forested areas. The Forest Work Training Center attached to the Forest Administration imported and tested the smallsized cable crane(K-300) with movable tower. The result of economic analysis of the yarding operation expenditures shows that the cable crane yarding costs more than the man yarding at the present time. As the labour cost will gradually increase and the efficiency of machine operation will improve, the results of the study indicates that the yarding operation by cable crane will be more cost-effective in the future.

• Journal of Legislation Research
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• no.53
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• pp.491-524
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• 2017

Under the general maritime law, a life salvor has no claim against the person saved, and a pure life salvor has no right to compensation from the owner of the ship or its cargo. This harsh rule, which treats the salvor of life less generously than the salvor of property, has been modified by international conventions, statutes, so that life salvors may expect a reward in most cases. It is, especially, unreasonable that a prerequisite of a salvage award is that at least some of the property must be saved, because life of a person can not be compared to values of goods such as vessels and cargoes. Also it is not understandable that only pure life salvors can not expect a reward for the saving of life from the owners of the property. In the meantime, according to Article 39 of the Korean Maritime Search and Rescue Act (hereunder, KMSARA), any person who has gave assistance and rescued in accordance with a governmental officer's order may get a compensation for their time and labour. The above mentioned compensation which is stemmed from the KMSARA may play a role as a compliment for the lack of enough compensation to a life salvor. This means that even though a life salvor failed to save property, he may expect a minimum compensation from the KMSARA. However, it should be recognized that when a life salvor is entitled to both remuneration for the salvage of life and recourse of expenditures from the KMSARA, the total remuneration shall be paid only if and to the extent that such remuneration is greater than any reward recoverable by the salvor under the Korean Commercial Code and the KMSARA.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.5-21
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the employment policy for persons with disabilities on their employment rates. The subjects were 10 OECD counties of which policies are based on quotas or the prohibition of discrimination. The time-series data for the analysis were collected for 12 years from 2000 to 2011. A Panel-Corrected Standard Error(PCSE) analysis was conducted for the time-series cross-sectional data of this study. As a result, unemployment rates, proportions of persons with disabilities, and public expenditures on disability and sickness benefits(in % GDP) were statistically significant among control variables, while the coverages of discrimination prohibition and the types of delivery systems of vocational rehabilitation for persons with disabilities among the employment policy variables. The wider the coverages of discrimination prohibition are, the higher the employment rates of the disabled are. In addition, the employment rates of the disabled are higher in countries with specialized delivery systems for vocational rehabilitation than in countries with general delivery systems for vocational rehabilitation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.379-389
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• 2019

The study empirically investigates financial factors that may influence on corporate R&D intensity during the post-era of the global financial turmoil (from 2010 to 2015) to mitigate possible spillover effect associated with the crisis. Concerning the empirical research settings of the study, chaebol firms listed in the KOSPI stock market are used as sample data with adopting various econometric estimation methods to enhance validity of the results. In the first hypothesis test, it is found that there exist inter-industry financial differences in terms of the ratio of R&D expenditure across all the sample years, but the statistical differences may arise from only a few domestic industries beloning to the high-growth sector. Moreover, it is also interesting to identify that, for the high-tech sector, 3 explanatory variables such as R&D intensity in a prior year, firm size and change in cash holdings are proved to be financial factors to discriminate between chaebol firms and their counterparts of non-chaebol firms, whereas a proportion of tangible assets over total assets as well as the former two variables are shown to be significant factors on the R&D intensity for the low-tech sector.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.195-205
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• 2019

Background: The food and food service influence the quality of life and the general health condition of older persons living in long-term care (LTC) facilities. Purchasing good food materials is a ground of good food service. In Korea, the residents in LTC facilities should pay for the cost of food materials and ingredients out of their pocket because it is not covered by LTC insurance. This study explored what factors affect the cost of food materials paid by LTC facility residents and which factor affects most. Methods: We used data from the study on out-of-pocket payment on national LTC insurance, which surveyed 1,552 family caregivers of older residents in LTC facilities. We applied conditional multi-level model, of which the first level represents the characteristics of care receivers and caregivers and its second level reflects those of LTC facilities. Results: We found that the facility residents with college-graduated family caregivers paid 11,545 Korean won more than those with less than elementary-graduated ones. However, the income level of family caregivers did not significantly affect the amount of the food material cost of the residents. The residents in privately owned, large, metropolitan-located facilities were likely to pay more than those in other types of facilities. The amount of the food material cost of the residents was mainly decided by the facility level factors rather than the characteristics of care recipients and their family caregivers (intra-class correlation=82%). Conclusion: These findings suggest that it might be effective to design a policy targeting facilities rather than residents in order to manage the cost of food materials of residents in LTC facilities. Setting a standard price for food materials in LTC facilities, like Japan, could be suggested as a feasible policy option. It needs to inform the choice of LTC users by providing comparable food material cost information. The staffing requirement of nutritionist also needs to be reviewed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.323-332
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to measure the effects on the regional economy from the Jeju International Wind Ensemble Festival. In order to examine the economic ripple effects of the festival, we examine its impact on the local economy using two regional (Jeju-National) industry-related models based on the 2013 Jeju Region Input and Output Table. We also compare how the Jeju International Wind Ensemble Festival is growing and affecting the regional economy through a comparison between 2017 and 2018. Comparing the results of a production-inducing and value added-effect analysis of the induced industries from investment expenditures for the Jeju International Wind Ensemble Festival, the production-inducing effects increased by 2.1 times-from 9.05 billion won in 2017 to 18.7 billion won in 2018. The value-added effect increased by 2.2 times, from nearly 4.3 billion won in 2017 to nearly 9.2 billion won in 2018. The analysis shows that the Jeju International Wind Ensemble Festival contributes greatly to an income increase for local residents. In order to enhance the effects of the Jeju International Wind Ensemble Festival, it is necessary to use policies that link culture and tourism in Jeju.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.355-383
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• 2019

This study is to investigate whether averting costs for wearing $anti-PM_{10}$ masks and using air purifiers at home to reduce exposure from $PM_{10}$ are influenced by subjective risk perceptions and/or objective $PM_{10}$ concentration levels, whose estimates will be used to measure the willingness to pay for $PM_{10}$ risk reduction. An empirical analysis was conducted on a sample of 1,224 respondents who participated in the web-based survey in the late October of 2017. As we reflect the potential endogeniety bias in the estimation of averting cost functions of using air purifiers, the coefficients of risk perception were differed by 6~7 times. Respondents. subjective risk perceptions were influenced by individuals' knowledge, attitudes and demographic variables, as well as the levels of $PM_{10}$ concentrations in their residential region. The marginal willingness to pay for risk reductions at the mean levels of their risk perceptions were measured at 1,000 won per month from wearing $anti-PM_{10}$ masks and 6,000 won for using air purifiers respectively.

• 한국노년학
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.907-923
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• 2008

The main purpose of this paper is to analyse the determinant factors affecting the budget for welfare of the aged. This study employs the statistical data of fourteen different cities and counties of local government in Jeollabukdo. According to the analysis, in the county, the rate of the aged and populations of social-economic factors and the number of public officials of political-administrative factors turned out to be important influencing of budget for the aged welfare. However, incrementalism has no validity of statistics. Also, In the fiscal factors, estimated expenditures in per capita influenced a negative effect on the budget of the aged welfare. As the results of this research, the policy implications are suggested as follows. First, in order to reduce the gap of the aged welfare service between regions, the greater subsidy is provided by government and the budget of the aged welfare is enlarged positively. Second, as the considering regional characteristic, the higher ratio of the aged, the greater budget of the aged welfare is enlarged, especially in the county. Third, the budget of the aged welfare has to be regarded by the number of public officials.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.203-225
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• 2016

The permanent disability benefit(PDB) system whose purpose lies in helping affected workers with their self-realization through compensating them for their work-related injury or disease and facilitating their timely return to work is very important in terms of social welfare. Actually, the portions of PDB's in all WCI expenditures have been on the sharp increase. In spite of its positive aspects like this, however, an excessive amount of PDB's may have negative impacts on the affected workers' will to work or return to work, and increasing trends in the amount of PDB's payable in annuity will remain in an aging or aged society a potentially risky factor posing a threat to the soundness of WCI budgets. In this respect, the author attempted herein to identify the long-term reality of trends in the number of claimants entitled to PDB's and the amount of PDB's payable to them through making the long-term budget projections of PDB's; address problems with PDB's payable in annuity, which are or will potentially be one of the gravest burdens in securing the soundness of WCI budgets; and discuss how to optimize the amount of PDB's through studying & analyzing overseas cases and income replacement rates and what kinds of improvements are thinkable. It's recommended to reduce the absolute amount of benefits payable in annuity in a phased way considering claimants' life-cycle instead of sticking to the current system, which takes the form of lifelong pension plan.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.553-568
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• 2022

The Household Income and Expenditure Survey is a representative survey of Statistics Korea, which aims to measure and analyze national income and consumption levels and their changes by understanding the current state of household balances. Recently, the disconnection problem in these time series caused by the large-scale reorganization of the survey methods in 2017 and 2019 has become an issue. In this study, we model the characteristics of the time series in the Household Income and Expenditure Survey up to 2016, and use the modeling to compute forecasts for linking the expenditures in 2017 and 2018. In order to evenly reflect the characteristics across all expenditure item series and to reduce the impact of a specific forecast model, we synthesize a total of 8 models such as regression models, time series models, and machine learning techniques. In particular, the noteworthy aspect of this study is that it improves the forecast by using the optimal combination technique that can exactly reflect the hierarchical structure of the Household Income and Expenditure Survey without loss of information as in the top-down or bottom-up methods. As a result of applying the proposed method to forecast expenditure series from 2017 to 2019, it contributed to the recovery of time series linkage and improved the forecast. In addition, it was confirmed that the hierarchical time series forecasts by the optimal combination method make linkage results closer to the actual survey series.