• 대한가정학회지
• /
• 제40권7호
• /
• pp.101-118
• /
• 2002

This study examined the levels and trends in the household expenditure in both public and private education. Between 1982 and 2000, the level of the total educational expenditure increased by 5% in each year on average, increased by 2.2% for public education, and by 11.4% for private education. On the public educational expenditure, the consumption expenditure elasticity was 0.2 and the price elasticity was 1.49. On the private educational expenditure, the consumption expenditure elasticity was 1.5 and became below 1 after 1998, and the price elasticity was 2.63. The results indicated that the educational expenditure was necessary rather than luxurious and there was excess demand for private education. The level of the educational expenditure would continue to increase without reforms both in the supply and demand sides.

• 보건행정학회지
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.50-67
• /
• 2007

This study investigated income elasticity of household health expenditures and differences by income level from 1998 through 2003. Data from Korean Labor and Income Panel Study was used for empirical analyses. To estimate the income effects on health expenditure, the two-part model was employed: a logistic regression for any health expenditure-first part-and a Ordinary Least Square regression for health expenditure conditional on any spending-second part. To estimate income elasticity, both health expenditure and income were log transformed in the second part. In addition, the random effects(RE) model was used for a longitudinal panel which was continuously followed from 1998 through 2003 to estimate income effects on health expenditures controlling for within and between unobservable household characteristics. Furthermore, difference in income effects on health expenditure across income level was investigated. Although income slightly increased odds of any health expenditure, there was not no table differences across income level. Income significantly increased health expenditures during study period(overall income elasticity: about 0.2) and the highest 20% income group presented higher income elasticity than the lowest 20% income group.

• 한국가정과학회지
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.131-143
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine the consumption expenditure structure for leisure & recreational service in urban households. For these purpose, the data collected 175 households in Pusan metropolitan city. Statistics employed for the analys were frequencies, means, one -way ANDVA, and multiple regression analysis. The major results of this study were as follows; Average monthly expenditure for leisure, recreational service was 190,342 won. And their expenditure for leisure & recreational service share was 12.89 % of total expenditure. Those expenditure with high income elasticity were hobby & culture education, and journey. And those with low income elasticity were play & inspection, and health & sports. In leisure & recreational service expenditure, the variables which influence were job and degree of household head, and income.

• 한국인구학
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.271-291
• /
• 2002

도시가구의 원시자료를 활용하여 가구의 인구학적 특성을 감안한 수요체계의 추정을 통한 수요탄력성을 산출한 결과 주류소비의 총지출 탄력성은 0.71 정도로 비교적 필수적인 지출항목으로 판명되었다. 한편 가격탄력성은 기간중 평균 1.93으로 주류소비는 가격에 매우 탄력적이며 그 추세는 최근에 들어 보다 더욱 탄력적으로 변하는 경향이 확인되었다.

• 대한가정학회지
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.1-16
• /
• 1994

This paper analysis the structure of Housing Consumption Expenditure of urban salary and wage-earners' households from 1982 to 1992 by employing Time-series. Data was based on " Annual report on the Family Income and Expenditure Survey" of the National Bureau of Statistic Planning Board, Republic of Korea. Percentile marginal-propensity to consume(MPC) and income elasticity of consumption expenditure are estimated by their socio-economic and demographic variables. The results are as follows: 1. The proportion of the expenditure for furniture and utensils and house mending has increased with the increase of income in urban salary and wage-earners' households, while fuel light and water charges and rents paid has decreased. 2.1) Engel Function by income group; MPC associated with rents paid and fuel light and water charges is higher in the lower income group than in the rest. The income elasticity estimates in rents paid and fuel light and water charges is less than 1 in all group while larger than 1 in furniture and utensils and house mending. 2) Engel Function by occupation of household head; The highest MPC in rents paid is associated with the sales profession. The income elasticity of fuel light and water charge is found be inelastic. The groups other than the sales group show irregular MPC. 3) Engel Function by family size; MPC in house mending and fuel light and water charge is increased while is decreased in rents paid in accordance with family size. The income elasticity of rents paid and fuel light and water charge is less than 1 in all groups while that of house mending and furniture and utensils is larger than 1. 4) Engel Function by age of housegold head; MPC in rents paid is decreased according to the age of housefold head. The income elasticity of rents paid and fuel light and water charge is less than 1 in all group while it is larger than 1.

• 환경정책연구
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.139-162
• /
• 2009

본 논문은 환경세의 이중배당가설과 환경세 부과대상 재화의 지출탄력성에 대한 연구이다. 본 연구의 결론은 환경세 정책의 효율성 개선효과가 환경세 부과대상 재화의 지출탄력성에만 의존하는 것이 아니라, 경제 내에 존재하는 다른 재화, 즉 환경세가 부과되지 않는 재화와의 상대적인 지출탄력성에도 영향을 받을 수 있음을 지적하고 있다. 본 연구결과는 향후 우리나라 환경세 정책추진에 있어 다음과 같은 시사점을 제시한다. 환경세 정책은 환경의 질적 개선을 최우선 목표로 추진됨이 바람직하지만, 만약 조세체계 전반에 걸친 효율성 개선까지 염두에 둔다면 부과대상 재화의 지출탄력성까지 함께 고려하는 것이 바람직하다는 점이다. 구체적으로 환경세 부과대상 재화를 선정함에 있어서 가급적 지출탄력성이 낮은 재화위주로 구성하는 것이 효율성 개선효과를 극대화할 수 있는 방안이다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• 제7권6호
• /
• pp.379-385
• /
• 2020

The effect of research and development (R&D) expenditure on firm output is an interesting topic, but hardly explored in developing countries due to the unavailability of data. This study investigates this topic in the context of Vietnam by utilizing a novel dataset of 343 firms listed on the Vietnam Stock Exchange in the 2010-2018 period. The effect of R&D expenditure is examined under the production function framework. In order to obtain the robustness of the quantitative results, we estimate the production function with two coherent techniques including the OLS and 2-SLS. An instrumental variable regression technique is adopted to avoid the endogeneity problem between R&D expenditure and other variables. In our empirical analysis, we find that R&D expenditure has a positive and significant impact on output growth. The finding is robust in both OLS and 2-SLS frameworks. Besides, the output elasticity to R&D expenditure of our result is much higher than the estimated elasticity of other countries. The results imply that a 1% increase in R&D expenditure in Vietnam will help to expand the output more than a 1% increase in R&D investment in other countries. The findings from our paper provide important implications for firm managers, investors, and policymakers in Vietnam.

• 보건행정학회지
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.75-87
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this paper is to compare the amount of household health expenditures (HHE) and the proportion of health care expenditure to the household expenditure by ability to pay(ATP) levels. This study has focused on the influence of household ATP on HHE, estimating elasticity of health care expenditures for different ATP groups. For the empirical analysis, the Urban Households Survey Data of 2002 have been used. Our principal findings show that HHE are sensitive to changes in household ATP levels and that the group which is most responsive to changes in A TP level is the lower ATP group. These suggest that as households have less ATP, households with lower ATP reduce expenditures on health care in a proportional manner than those with higher ATP.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제21권7호
• /
• pp.1139-1152
• /
• 1997

Clothing consumption expenditure (UX) data of Korean consumers during the period of 1965 to 1993 were analyzed by time series analysis technique. According to the results of regression analysis, current income and UX of the year before showed most significant influences on the current UX. This means that the absolute and permanent income hypotheses can be accepted in case of clothing expenditures. However the effect of income decreased as the economy developed. The relative price of clothing had weak or no influence on clothing expenditures. It was also found out that CSX of the year before, the change of income, relative price of clothing ware the factors that affected clothing expenditures. From the estimation of Houthakker-Taylor state adjustment model, a negative stock coefficient was obtained. That is, clothing is subject to an inventor effect and Korean consumers regard clothing as one of the durable goods. To define whether clothing is a "luxury" or a "necessity", income and relative price elasticity of clothing expenditures were estimated. Income elasticity of clothing is slightly below 1.0 in case of national aggregate expenditures, and slightly above 1.0 in case of urban consumers' expenditures. Income elasticity has declined over time. Meanwhile the coefficient of price elasticity is not significant, indicating that the relative price of clothing have little connection with clothing expenditure.lothing expenditure.

• 대한가정학회지
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.113-127
• /
• 1988

This paper attempts to investigate and analyze the change of the proportion of discretionary consumption expenditure (DCE) of main consumer goods among total household expenditure from 1964 to 1986 in Korea by reorganizing various data, particularly "Annual Report of Citizen's Household Experditure in Sooul".The result of the author's analysis can be summarized as follows. 1. The analysis shows that while the proportion of DCE in food has been increased during this period as the Korean economy developed, the value of income elasticity for beverages, liguor, out-door eating and processed food products which consist of major part of food, has been successively decreased. And also, though the absolute value of income elasticity for grain products has been increased, its proportion among total expenditure has been successively decreased. From these trends, we can conclude that general consumption pattern has a tendency to change from dependence on main grain products to the more utilization of out-door eating or processed food products. 2. The ratio of DEC of furnitures to housing expenditure has played a role of indicator of business cycle, reflecting the consumers' psychological expectation fro general economic trend. 3. In case of the proportion of DCE of clothes, there has been no great change. 4. As for as DCE of sundry expenditure is concerned, there has been no-great change in The proportion itself/ However. as the ratio of sundry expenditure to total household expenditure has been greatly increased, expenditure for leisure disproportionately increased. 5. The proportion of total DCE in total consumption expenditure, as in the case of housing, has been increased, which coincided exactly with business cyele appeared during this period. In fact, when Korea economy experienced a severe recession in 193 and 1980, that proportion deeply went down respectively, and again went up after those years. Accordingly, we can generalize that the size of DCE deperds on the formation of consumer's psychological expectation toward economy, which confirms George Katona's early proposition.