• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.231-240
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• 2016

Recently, fake test data of power cables in nuclear power plants was a terrible shock to the citizens. Some cable companies manipulated the test data to make unfair profits. In addition, fake test data cases were found in military supplies. The fake test data cases focused on parts of army's tank, armored car. This paper propose a new method that can detect fake test data using known statistical methods. In addition, the method was implemented in Microsoft Excel to allow easy use. Lastly, a check sheet was proposed to check the validity of the test system of military suppliers. By detecting and checking the fake test data, it is expected that our new method will play an important role in quality assurance of military supplies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.11 s.158
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• pp.1495-1506
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• 2006

The purposes of this study are to investigate the formation and the change of apparel retail structure historically with the viewpoint that the retail structure is affected by the process of economic development. This study was done by literature research method and the result of this study is the following. The tailor and seamstress shops, the first clothing shops in Korea, were replaced by ready-made shops, because mass production system which had developed with the industrialization of Korea increased the advantage of economy of scale compared to handicrafts individual one. After that, the production system of apparel industry had been efficient continuously, while retail system had not. The retailing of famous brand apparel conducted by exclusive franchise store caused supplier oriented markets where the opinion and the desire of consumers were not reflected. While the retailing of the unknown brand apparel handled by small retail stores were inefficient. As the apparel industry matured in 1990s, various types of new stores appeared such as specialty stores, discount stores, TV home shopping, internet shopping, outlet malls, and big fashion stores in Dongdeamoon. These new stores have features of seeking profits in mass merchandising. As these large retail stores grow, the apparel retail structure of Korea is changing from a fragmented market to a vertically integrated one. This change is shown by the decrease of stores per inhabitants. With the change of environment, the apparel retail system which has lagged behind comparatively is expected to develop into more efficient system based on the large capital investment which raise the advantage of economy of scale.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.301-322
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• 2004

The current petroleum stockpiling by Korean government is based on the static concept of dead-stock. However, the recent changes in economic environment is requiring a transition to the dynamic concept of flow-stock. This study suggested selective trading strategies using basis of changing oil prices as an option for improving the economics of domestic strategic petroleum reserve (SPR), and quantitatively analyzed their effects. For this purpose, we tested the validity of selective trading strategies using the weekly spot and forwards prices of WTI for the period of October 1997 to August 2002. Summarizing the simulation results, the selective trading strategies would increase the expected values of profits and decrease their volatilities compared to those of traditional routine strategies. And, the adoption of trigger value could increase the improvements by the selective trading strategies. Based on the results, we suggest that, in order to improve the economics of domestic petroleum stockpiling, it is necessary to actively utilize the reserve facilities and the reserved petroleum with proper derivatives position.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.423-426
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• 2004

Costs of public rental housing development project consist on various kinds of profits and expenses such as national housing fund, rental cost, construction cost, financing cost. Therefore, project would not be executed without minute management and precise prediction about each item. Cash (low prediction and analysis are necessary to grasp current situation of project, because construction project which is conducted for a long period has fluent risks and inflows and outflows of cash. Although cash flow analysis has been conducted, cash flow has never been expected and managed. General matters to expect cash flow can be known by actual results and literatures. Hut there is no thesis which is studied about risk to enhance precision of expectation of cash flow. As existing thesises studied the risk about whole project, we haven't known precise relations of cash flow and project. Therefore, in this study, we are supposed to analysis and distinguish risk facts which can affect each item of cash flow for precise cash flow expectation and management of public rental housing development project.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.130-136
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• 2008

With the rapid development of information technologies, various types of game devices have been created. Moreover, the game contents are once created, they can be easily reused on several other devies without depending on their platform or media, which phenomena is so called as one source multi use (OSMU). Especially young gamers are good at not only playing the famous computer games but also good at using and utilizing the brand new and the latest mobile devices, they might be the major consumers in the area of mobile games in the near future. This paper discusses and proposes several points to be considered when a conventional computer game to be transformed into a mobile game. Since the points suggested are very useful when the conventional game is to be ported to the mobile devices of inferior performance, it is expected that more profits could be achieved in the market of mobile game with less investment and effort.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.141-165
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• 2007

This study aims to make a contribution to the promotion of trade and economic development of South Korea, and, at the same time, call attention to the increasing trend of investment agreements concluded within Free Trade Agreements (FTA) by examining theoretically FTAs and dispute resolution and investigating systematically the conclusion procedure of agreements, and the system, institutions, and jurisdiction of dispute resolution, and presenting these findings to the government and investors involved. The most problematic aspect in the legal process of arbitration involving disputes over investment is that of arguments concerning the right of jurisdiction. When a dispute arises, even though an investor files for arbitration at an ICSID institution, the parties become involved in another energy-consuming argument even before proceeding to the hearing and decision of the original plan in cases in which the respondent of the dispute files an objection to the decision rights of the arbitral tribunal. As the main basis for this type of plea, the point of non-existence of jurisdiction is first raised where the applicable dispute does not fall under the range of investments defined in individual investment contracts or investment agreements such as a Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT). To avoid an open-ended definition of investment for the range of investments, articles concerning investments in the FTA and NAFTA between Canada and the USA adopt the limited closed-list method. Article 96 of the FTA between Japan and Mexico applied the same abovementioned method of limited form of definition regarding range of investments and concluded BITs between member countries of APEC applied a similar method as well. Instead of employing the previously used inclusive definition, the BITs concluded between countries of Latin America and the USA are equipped with limited characteristics of an investment. Furthermore, to correspond with this necessary condition the three following requirements are needed : 1) fixed investment funding; 2) expected profits resulting from such investments; 3) and the existence of fixed risk bearing.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.181-198
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• 2012

Gyeonggi-Do launched the 'Achievement Royalty System(ARS)' in 2011 to promote the refund of excess profits from those firms to local system. The purpose of this study aims to analyze the effect of new royalty system in the public R&D program. From the analysis, commercially successful firms appear to have maintained the same level of innovation incentives even after introduction of ARS. It can be explained that they have given a priority in taking part in the next R&D projects as well as a benefit of systematic supports in technology commercialization and marketing. It is, therefore, fully expected that the policy makers can make ARS an additional funding source in the period of decreasing S&T budget, and have a better chance to gather evidences of successful policy practices to the firms. However, the institutional improvements are required to develop the ARS, which include the incentives of ARS payment and the lower total royalty expectation through the reduction of fix-payment ratio and the exemption of ARS.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.32 no.11
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• pp.1099-1110
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• 2005

As auctions become popular, developing good agent bidding strategies has been an important focus in agent-based electronic commerce research. Especially for the continuous double auctions where no single dominant strategy is known, the agent bidding strategy has practical significance. This paper introduces an adaptive agent strategy for the countinuous double auction. The central idea is to let the agent figure out at run time when the sophisticated strategy (called the p-strategy) is beneficial and when a simpler strategy is better. Balance between exploration and exploitation is achieved by using a heuristic exploration function that trades off the expected profits and the number of tries of each strategy. We have experimentally evaluated the performance of the adaptive strategy in a wide variety of environments. The experiment results indicate that the adaptive strategy outperforms the plain p-strategy when the p-strategy performs poorly, while it performs similar to the p-strategy when the p-strategy dominates the other simple strategies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.93-99
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• 2013

It is expected to continue to increase the number of people who enjoy marine and water sports due to the increase of leisure time because of income increase, the five-day workweek, etc. However, in the safety awareness, the development of equipment is just in the early stage. Established system for fundraising is required for Korean marine and water sports to be developed first. Should the fund be spent on the safety and development of domestic equipment for marine and water sports, it would make for a safer and more enjoyable sports for the people. The profit return measures of motor boat race, among marine and water sports, are surveyed and analyzed to suggest the measures stated above. Japanese legal structure and the profit return measures on motor boat race, which are about 60 years ahead than Korean systems, were analyzed and led to suggest the establishment of professional institutions which promote motor boat, etc. and the legal improvement for funding.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.57 no.6
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• pp.9-20
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• 2015

The demand of renewable energy is expected to grow in the long run in spite of current stable lower oil prices. Energy consumption for heating in horticulture greenhouse is large and affects the profits of the farms. This study analyzed the availability of biomass in rural area and proposed the strategies for utilizing the biomass for greenhouse heating. Data reveal the annual average fuel consumption in greenhouses is about 78 TOE/ha. Considering biomass resource in rural areas, agricultural residues are not sufficient to meet the biomass demand from greenhouses. Therefore it is recommended to secure further biomass including wild herbaceous biomass and woody biomass from forest. Based on the conditions of biomass gasification equipment investment and fuel prices, maximum allowable price of biomass turned out about 100,000 KRW/t to be competitive to kerosine. Biomass supply chain should be established for facilitating biomass trading between biomass consumers and biomass producers such as farmers who provide crop residues. An online trading system is an example of the system where consumers who utilize biomass make payments to suppliers and get the information about the biomass. Intermediate collection storages are required to store biomass from distributed sources. Operation of biomass heating systems in demonstration greenhouses is necessary to get information to refine and further develop commercial biomass heating systems. Relatively large greenhouses are desirable to have biomass heating systems for economic viability. The location of the greenhouse farms should be selected within the area where enough biomass resources are available for feeding the biomass facility.