• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.583-589
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• 2024

Seawater movement analyses and dye diffusion experiments were conducted to understand the characteristics of eddy diffusion in the southwest coastal zone of Korea. The findings indicate that pollutants entering the study area were most influenced by tidal currents and showed temporal and spatial variations according to the turbulent characteristics of the tidal current. Pollutants entering the study area are likely to travel a distance of approximately 2 km (within 1 h) following the direction of the tidal currents and show a spreading distance (diameter of the diffusion area) of within 10% of the travel distance (within 200 m). The dispersion of the diffusion area is expected to increase in proportion to the elapsed time raised to a power of 1.19 to 1.23. The results are expected to provide a basis for using the eddy diffusion coefficient as a temporally variable value (previously assumed to be a constant based on empirical data), thereby contributing to improving the predictive accuracy of ocean diffusion models.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.4 s.111
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• pp.108-118
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• 2005

While the recent lift of restrictions in greenbelt areas is expected to generate a number of development plans, there are efforts to create various development plans into spatial plans that consider the natural and ecological conditions of development sites. However, these development plans consider Degree of Green Naturality or Degree of Ecology only when designating areas for conservation within development sites. It is true that they don't fully reflect the value of green areas and wetlands as habitats and natural resources. Therefore, this study built an conservation value assessment model that is applicable to sites where development is planned in Korea by reviewing prior case examples md studies and applied the developed model to a case study area. The site where the conservation value assessment model was applied to is an area around Yongsan-ri and Suha-ri, Doam-myon, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon province where quality natural resources are located in and wend the site. This is a site for the development of Alpensia Resort where a resort including facilities for the Winter Olympics is planned to be introduced. In order to assess the conservation value of the site for Alpensia Resort, a total of eight items including area, distribution of communities, habitation of species with conservation value, functions of habitats, connectivity of habitats, vegetation layers of forests, age of forests, and ratio of non-native plants were studied through literature review and field surveys. The assessment was made by dividing the site into 95 habitats that are perceived by aerial photographs and each habitat unit was assessed on the eight items in a 3-point scale. Each unit habitat assessed in a 3-point scale was segmented into primary, secondary or tertiary areas based on the conservation value. Habitats assessed as primary were designated as priority (absolute) conservation areas and those assessed as secondary and tertiary were set as secondary conservation areas and tertiary conservation areas, respectively. As a result, each area represented 26.9%, 20% and 3% of total site area. Based on this result, habitat management plans were developed to conserve primary conservation areas, improve secondary conservation areas and restore tertiary conservation areas. In addition, a development plan was developed to create habitats in areas where new habitats are requested in order to build an eco-network in the site and a plan to create eco-corridors was proposed. In developing a land use plan for the site, a development plan that considers conservation areas first should be set up based on the outcome of conservation value assessment. This can be linked to the development of an environment-friendly land use plan as well as easing the establishment of a green area and eco-network. This study will facilitate the implementation of the 'conservation before development' principle, which can prevent reckless development, by assessing conservation value in setting up development plans.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.135-156
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of average unit learning on the knowledge of the representative value of 5th grade elementary school students. In the information-oriented society, the ability to organize and summarize the data has become an essential resource. In the process of correctly analyzing statistical data and making reasonable decisions, the summary of the data plays an important role, and it is necessary to learn the concept of representative values in order to describe the center of the data in a series of numbers. For research, an informal knowledge type possessed by a fifth grade elementary school student with respect to a representative value before learning an average unit is examined and compared with the representative value after learning the average unit. A suggestion point for representative value guidance in school mathematics is provided while examining the change in knowledge with respect to the representative value. Seeing the informal types of elementary school students' representative values will help them learn how to formalize the concept of representative values in middle and high schools. It will give suggestions about the concept of representative values and the method of instruction that should be dealt with in elementary schools. The informal knowledge about the representative value can help with formal representative value that will be learned later. Therefore, This study's discussions on statistical learning of elementary school students are expected to present meaningful implications for statistical education.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.83-92
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• 2020

Establishing a financial independence is essential for sustainable growth of social enterprises. In this vein, this study investigated the key factors that affect customer loyalty about the products or services provided by social enterprises. Commitment and trust in social enterprises were considered as main factors affecting customer loyalty. We also examined the effects of functional, hedonic and social value about the products or services of social enterprises on purchasing decision-making processes. The research model analysis was conducted on 204 consumers using social enterprises in Dong-gu, Daegu. The analysis of research model has shown that commitment and trust had a significant impact on customer loyalty about the product or service of those enterprises. Functional value did not have a significant effect on commitment, while it had a significant effect on trust. Hedonic value had a significant impact on both commitment and trust. Social value had a significant effect on commitment, but not on trust. Value congruence had a significant effect on both commitment and trust. Based on the our findings, it is expected that it would help establish operational and marketing strategies to improve competitiveness in products and services of social enterprises.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.100-106
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• 2022

The relationships between river length and weir density versus fish species observed were analyzed for 210 local rivers in the Seomjin River system (SJR). A nonlinear exponential relationship between river length and number of fish species were observed. Model coefficient was 0.03 and coefficient of determinant (R²) was 0.59, meaning that about 59.0% of total variance was explained by river length variable. Predicted value by model and observed number of species showed a difference. About 110 local rivers (about 52.4%) showed lower value than predictive value. The average index of weir's density (IWD) in the SJR was about 2.7/km, which was significantly higher than that of other river basins. As a result of nonparametric 2-Kimensional Kolmogorov-Smirnov (2-DKS) analysis based on the IWD, the threshold value affecting fish diversity was about 2.5/km (D_max=0.048, p<0.05). Above the threshold value, it means that the number of fish species would be decreased. In fact, the ratio of the expected species to the observed species was lowered to less than 70%, when the IWD is higher than the threshold value. To maintain aquatic ecological connectivity in future, it is necessary to manage IWD below the threshold value.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.575-583
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• 2022

Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has revealed the disruption of brain white matter microstructure in normal aging and alcoholism undetectable with conventional structural MR imaging. we plan to analyze the FA measurements of the ROI of dangerous drinkers selected from Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and Tract-Based Spatial Statics (TBSS) tool was used to extract FA values in the ROI from the image acquired through the pre-processing process. TBSS has a higher sensitivity of the FA value and MD value in the white matter than the brain gray matter, and has the advantage of quantitatively deriving the unlimited degree of brain nerve fibers, and more specialized in the brain white matter. We plan to analyze the fractional anisotropy (FA) measurement value for damage by selecting the center of the anatomical structure of the white matter region of the brain with high anisotropy among the brain neural networks that are particularly vulnerable to alcohol as the region of interest (ROI). In this study, we expected that alcohol causes damage to the brain white matter microstructure from FA value in various areas including both Choroid plexus. Especially, In the case of the moderate drunker, the mean value of FA in Lt, Rt. Choroid plexus was 0.2831 and 0.2872, whereas, in the case of the severe drunker, the mean value of FA was 0.1972 and 0.1936. We found that the higher the score on the AUDIT scale, the lower the FA value in ROI region of the brain white matter. Using the AUDIT scale, the guideline for the FA value of DTI can be presented, and it is possible to select a significant number of potentially severe drinkers. In other words, AUDIT was proved as useful tool in screening and discrimination of severe drunker through DTI.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.99-121
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• 2009

Social networks can be a powerful force in marketing because they provide new ways to market to young generation. Though many studies on evaluation of customer lifetime value have been conducted, it is not clear how to assess the value of members within social networks. The purpose of this study is to evaluate members based on customer intangible value as well as customer lifetime value. Customer network value in terms of the power and influence within a network is analyzed through network structure analysis. Using Cyworld log file data, this study have shown that high percentage of members are very influential in terms of spreading or withholding information even though their CLV is low. It is expected that the findings of this research contribute to understand the interactive behaviors of members within networks and to provide valuable implications on new product launching and customer management strategies to marketers.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.347-353
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• 1997

We have characterized a phage library displaying random 22mer peptides which were produced as N-terminal fusions to the pIII coat protein of M13 filamentous phages. Among the sixty phages randomly picked from the library, 25 phages had the 22mer peptide inserts. The DNA sequence analysis of the 25 inserts showed the following results: first, each nucleotide was represented almost equally at each codon position except that there were some biases toward G bases at the first position of the codons. Secondly, the expected 47 sense codons were represented. The deduced amino acid sequences of the 25 inserts were analyzed to examine its diversity. Glycine and glutamate were the two most overrepresented residues above the expected value, whereas cysteine and threonine residues were underrepresented. The range of dicersity in dipeptide sequences showed that the amino acid residues were randomly distributed along the peptide insert. Acidic, basic, polar, and nonpolar amino acid residues were represented to the extent expected at most positions of the peptide inserts. The predicted isoelectric points and hydropathy indices of the 25 peptides showed that a variety of the peptide were represented in the library. These results indicate that this phage display library could be useful in fiuding ligands for a broad spectrum of receptors by affinity screening.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.285-294
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• 2012

Current urban stream conditions and their restoration projects were investigated by surveying the urban stream management experts in 29 cities with high population density (more than 1,000person/$km^{2}$). The survey results showed that the ratio of covered urban streams decreased by 1.4% (from 14% to 12.6%) in the last 5 years through steady river restoration projects promoted by governments. Nonetheless, 36.3% of 369 urban streams surveyed still report stream depletion problems; therefore, more efforts to alleviate the problems caused by distorted water circulation of urban streams are still necessary. Water depletion in many local urban streams, unlike national rivers, is accelerated due to negligence in stream management, budget shortage, and other reasons. To prevent stream depletion, the use of reclaimed water is suggested as one of the prevention plans. When available amounts of reused sewage are estimated through actual available nationwide sewage discharges of each watershed and instream flow of stream, annual instream flow supply of 780 million $m^{3}$ is expected; 4.8% reduction in the pollution load of public sewer treatment facilities is expected; and the creation of new value through water reuse service is expected. Thus, it is important for the reviews of feasibility and alternatives of water reuse projects for flow augmentation to consider not only investment budget reductions, but also environmental aspects. Also it is necessary to provide the financial support of unified government with strict water quality management policy.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.463-467
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• 2006

Genetic profiles of Iranian Holstein young bulls at the national artificial insemination station were determined on the basis of individual genotypes at 13 ISAG's recommended microsatellites, the most useful markers of choice for parentage identification. In the present study a total of 119 individuals were genotyped at 13 microsatellite loci and for possible parent-offspring combinations. A high level of genetic variation was evident within the investigated individuals as assessed from various genetic diversity measures. The mean number of observed alleles per microsatellite marker was 9.15 and the number of effective alleles as usual was less than the observed values (4.03). The average observed and expected heterozygosity values were 0.612 and 0.898, respectively. The mean polymorphic information content (PIC) value (0.694) further reflected a high level of genetic variability. The average exclusion of probability (PE) of the 13 markers was 0.520, ranging from 0.389 to 0.788. The combined exclusion of probability was 0.999, when 13 microsatellite loci were used for analysis in the individual identification system. Inbreeding was calculated as the difference between observed and expected heterozygosity. Observed homozygosity was less than expected which reflects inbreeding of -3.7% indicating that there are genetic differences between bull-sires and bull-dams used to produce young bulls. The results obtained from this study demonstrate that the microsatellite DNA markers used in the present DNA typing are useful and sufficient for individual identification and parentage verification without accurate pedigree information.