• Maritime Security
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.57-81
• /
• 2023

This study aims to review Russia's annexation of Crimea from a maritime security perspective. Based on a comprehensive analysis of Russia's national security perception, this study analyzed Russia's maritime security strategy and the security importance of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov, and reviewed the annexation of Crimea from a maritime security perspective. The main argument of this study is as follows. Russia's annexation of Crimea was necessary for the successful fulfillment of Russia's maritime security strategy in the Black and Azov Seas. Russia's annexation of Crimea guarantees the activities of the Black Sea Fleet militarily from a maritime security point of view, secures a passage to the Atlantic Ocean to counter NATO's expansion. From a economic security point of view, Russia's annexation of Crimea was based on the strategic considerations to secure influence within the Black Sea economic bloc which guarantees stable production and transportation of natural resources and shipping.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.31-36
• /
• 2011

I conducted empirical analyses of what happens when an offline channel expands to an online channel and whether the pre-existing offline channel's competitive assets (e.g. brand reputation and level of service satisfaction) can be linked to online channel preference. I found that an offline channel's brand reputation and level of service satisfaction can have a direct influence on offline channel preference and a second-hand influence on online channel preference. Thus, if the competitiveness of the online channel is strong enough and its customers have a higher preference for the offline channel, they will be committed and loyal to the company. The resultant enhanced competitiveness of the offline channel will present opportunities for both present and future success. The main results are the following. First, the management of the distribution channel service quality is more important than that of the brand reputation. Customers' experiences of service and subjective evaluations are not important only as the leading factors in the long-term brand reputation management but also as influential factors in channel preference. SoThus, given that the service quality of the pre-existing channel is not the customers' main concern, a strategy of improving the level of service satisfaction aimed at present customers is more valuable than a wide brand positioning strategy aimed at general and new customers. Second, when an offline channel company establishes an internet shopping mall on an online channel, it is highly likely that the preference and subjective evaluation of the present customers will influence the online channel. This applies not only to the special case of an expansion from an offline intermediary channel to an online one, but also to an online channel acting as an expansion of the business model of a conventional manufacturing or service company: both cases are vertical integrations of marketing channels in an expansion of the distribution channel. My theory applies to a wide range of contexts. Third and finally, any business strategy can grasp the meaning of 'channel expansion. Fundamentally, it is an expansion of the sales activity channel and marketing activity. However, it is also a way of enhancing marketing and sales competitiveness through an expansion to an online or offline channel. The expansion of an offline company to an online channel could be seen not as improvement but as an innovation of the business process by which two goals are achieved with one technique. The former is expected to increase the sales of the offline company, and the latter is also expected to increase sales while also contributing to cost reduction.

• Advances in Energy Research
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.1-19
• /
• 2020

Energy consumption of air-conditioning and refrigeration systems is responsible for about 25 to 30% of the energy demand especially in hot seasons. This equipment is mostly electricity dependent and their use in principle affects negatively the environment. Enhancing the energy efficiency of the existing equipment is important as one of the measures to reduce environment impacts. This paper reports the results of an experimental study to evaluate the impacts of the use electronic expansion valve and variable velocity compressor on the performance of vapor compression refrigeration system. The experimental rig is composed of two independent circuits one for the vapor compression system and the other is the secondary fluid system. The vapor compression system is composed of a forced air condenser unit, evaporator, hermetic compressor and expansion elements, while the secondary system has a pump for circulating the secondary fluid, and an air conditioning heat exchanger. The manufacturer's data was used to determine the optimal points of operation of the system and consequently tests were done to evaluate the influence of variation of the compressor velocity and the opening of the expansion device on the performance of the refrigeration system. A fuzzy logic model was developed to control the rotational velocity of the compressor and the thermal load. Fuzzy control model was made in LabVIEW software with the objective of improving the system performance, stability and energy saving. The results showed that the use of fuzzy logic as a form of control strategy resulted in a better energy efficiency.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.169-174
• /
• 2014

Purpose: This study demonstrated a postural alignment exercise as conservative management strategy for a woman with excessive thoracic kyphosis presenting decreased chest function, and reports its results. Methods: A 21-year-old woman with thoracic kyphosis presenting limited chest function. The exercise program underwent for 30 min in the intervention phase, which consisted of exercises to improve the strength of back extensor and to stretch anterior chest region. Outcome measures comprised the severity of thoracic kyphosis and chest function (vital capacity [VC], forced expiratory volume in a second [FEV1], and chest expansion length). Results: The thoracic kyphotic angle decreased by 23.6% ($9.38^{\circ}$) and 25.4% ($10.58^{\circ}$) in the intervention and follow-up phases respectively. Also, chest function was improved in the intervention (VC: 3.7% [$0.10{\ell}$], FEV1: 17.1% [$0.39{\ell}$], and chest expansion length: 17.1% [0.96 cm]), and the improvement was maintained during the follow-up phase (VC: 4.8% [$0.13{\ell}$], FEV1: 17.1% [$0.39{\ell}$], and chest expansion length: 64.3% [1.81 cm]). Conclusion: These findings suggest that the postural alignment exercise was favorable for improving chest function of a woman with thoracic kyphosis.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
• /
• 2011.10a
• /
• pp.556-562
• /
• 2011

Railroad started from invention of stream locomotive at the beginning of the industrial revolution. Development of diesel and electric locomotives in railroad induced science and technology since the industrial revolution. Korean high-speed train so-called high-speed train project, is localized 86.7%(compared to price), 92%(compared to number of parts). This technology has been contributed to KTX since 2004. High-speed railway was developed to integrated system, which is contained high technology such as civil, mechanical and electrical technology. This effects to advanced technology across the board science, technology, industry. High-speed railway is fast, safe, comfortable, eco-friendly as next generation's representative transportation. Furthermore it is inaugurate the era of the new railroad. Korea is opened the high-speed railway following Japan, France, Germany, Spain. Korea became the fifth nation of the high-speed railway. It joins the rank of developed countries operating at the speed of 300km/h. Especially, KTX is emerging as advanced transportation with reducing logistics costs significantly due to time advantage and transportation revolution. The purpose of this study is to present the strategy through internal and external railway market's analysis for Korea railway system's globalization expansion(overseas expansion).

• Health Policy and Management
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.57-94
• /
• 2000

Korea's social health insurance system was introduced in 1977, which has made a universal coverage possibly by July 1989. Korean government had pursued a single objective for the last decade to put the whole population under the coverage of medical security, and the objective was achieved within 12 years. The rapid accomplishment is primarily due to such factors as limited benefits, high copayment rate, low contributions as well as rapid economic growth. There are several sources of pressure for the implementation of social health insurance such as health professional group, labor unions, politicians, international organizations etc.. However it is important to look at the feasibility of social health insurance. Among other things, it is necessary to identify the administrative infrastructure of insurance system and to assess income for source of fund. As many developed countries, Korea began to apply health insurance to the employees of the large firms, and the expansion based on employment status. Thus the several funds system was inevitable according to the gradual expansion strategy. However many persons had criticized several funds system in respect with equity and efficiency aspects. In the short history of the Korean health insurance, whether one fund or sever or funds had been the most controversial issue. In Febrary 1999, the National Assembly passed the act of one fund system. From July 2000 separate funds will be unifed under new health insurance scheme. In this study we will analyze the policy making process on implementation, expansion and integration of health insurance system of Korea. And also analyse problems related to policy making.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.54 no.7
• /
• pp.2359-2366
• /
• 2022

Selecting graphite grades with superior irradiation characteristics is important task for designers of graphite moderation reactors. To provide reference information and data for graphite selection, the effects of irradiation on three fine-grained, iso-molded nuclear grade graphites, ETU-10, IG-110, and NBG-25, were compared based on irradiation-induced changes in volume, thermal conductivity, dynamic Young's modulus, and coefficient of thermal expansion. Data employed in this study were obtained from reported irradiation test results in the high flux isotope reactor (HFIR)(ORNL) (ETU-10, IG-110) and high flux reactor (HFR)(NRL) (IG-110, NBG-25). Comparisons were made based on the irradiation dose and irradiation temperature. Overall, the three grades showed similar irradiation-induced property change behaviors, which followed the historic data. More or less grade-sensitive behaviors were observed for the changes in volume and thermal conductivity, and, in contrast, grade-insensitive behaviors were observed for dynamic Young's modulus and coefficient of thermal expansion changes. The ETU-10 of the smallest grain size appeared to show a relatively smaller VC to IG-110 and NBG-25. Drastic decrease in the difference in thermal conductivity was observed for ETU-10 and IG-110 after irradiation. The similar irradiation-induced properties changing behaviors observed in this study especially in the DYM and CTE may be attributed to the assumed similar microstructures that evolved from the similar size coke particles and the same forming method.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.12 no.6
• /
• pp.2619-2643
• /
• 2018

In this paper, a new clustering algorithm based on the connected region generation (CRG-clustering) is proposed. It is an effective and robust approach to clustering on the basis of the connectivity of the points and their neighbors. In the new algorithm, a connected region generating (CRG) algorithm is developed to obtain the connected regions and an isolated point set. Each connected region corresponds to a homogeneous cluster and this ensures the separability of an arbitrary data set theoretically. Then, a region expansion strategy and a consensus criterion are used to deal with the points in the isolated point set. Experimental results on the synthetic datasets and the real world datasets show that the proposed algorithm has high performance and is insensitive to noise.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.23 no.8
• /
• pp.1118-1127
• /
• 2020

Train to Busan(2016) and Seoul Station(2016) contain trans-media properties in terms of the expansion of 'possible worlds' from the original story, and show the cultural and economic potential of the domestic trans-media contents with industrial systems added to the artist's competence of Dir. Yeon Shang-ho, an animator and film director. But they also have limits of the lack of continuity in time and characters between each media, various derived contents and suitable marketing strategy. For the development of Korean trans-media contents, it is necessary to extend the range of contents, find changes in production time and style, and improve the distribution environment to encourage a user to integrate contents from each platforms.

• Korean Management Science Review
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.29-38
• /
• 2002

Due to the rapid increase In the Internet traffic volume, ISPs are faced with the definite need of the expansion of server capacity. In order to Provide prompt services for customers and still prevent excessive facility cost, it is critical to determine the optimum level of internet server capacity. The purpose of this Paper is to provide a simple but effective strategy on the expansion of servers capacity according to the increase in internet traffic. We model an internet server as an M/G/m/m queueing system and derive an efficient method to compute the loss probability which, In turn, Is used as a basis to determine proper server capacity. The Process of estimating the traffic parameter values at each server based on log data analysis is also given. All the procedures are numerically demonstrated through the process of analyzing actual log data collected from a game company.