• 제목/요약/키워드: Exome sequencing

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EPG5 유전자 변이가 확인된 Vici 증후군 1례 (Vici Syndrome with Novel Compound Heterozygous Mutations in EPG5)

  • 신제희;이현주;이영목
    • 대한유전성대사질환학회지
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    • 제20권2호
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    • pp.50-54
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    • 2020
  • Vici 증후군은 18q12.3 염색체에 위치하는 EPG5 유전자의 돌연변이로 인해 발생하는 상 염색체 열성 증후군이다. EPG5 유전자는 리소좀 형성에 관여하는 자가 포식 경로의 중요한 조절자를 암호화하므로 이에 대한 돌연변이로 인해 다양한 임상증상을 나타나게 된다. 주요한 임상증상으로는 뇌량 무형성, 백색증, 백내장, 심근 병증, 중증 정신 운동 지체, 발작, 면역 결핍 등이 있으며 다양한 임상증상을 나타내는 만큼 다른 질환들과 임상적으로 구분하기가 어렵다. 저자들은 Vici 증후군으로 진단된 3세 남자 환아의 증례를 보고하고자 한다. 환아는 생후 2개월 경 근긴장 저하와 수유 곤란을 주소로 내원하였으며 이후 Vici 증후군에서 나타나는 특징적인 임상 증상들을 나타내었다. 임상증상들의 감별 진단을 위해 시행한 Whole-exome sequencing (WES) 결과, EPG5 유전자에서 c.2254 C>T (p.Gln752Ter)와 c.5511-5518+2 del TATGCAAAGT 새로운 변이가 이형접합체로 확인되었다. Vici 증후군과 같이 임상적으로 구분이 어려우며 다양한 신체기관에 걸쳐 영향을 미치는 질환의 진단 시에는 Whole-exome sequencing (WES)가 유용하게 사용될 수 있다. 이 증례는 한국에서 확인된 첫 Vici 증후군 case로써 의의가 있다.

Identification of Potential Prognostic Biomarkers in lung cancer patients based on Pattern Identification of Traditional Korean Medicine Running title: A biomarker based on the Korean pattern identification for lung cancer

  • Ji Hye Kim;Hyun Sub Cheong;Chunhoo Cheon;Sooyeon Kang;Hyun Koo Kim;Hyoung Doo Shin;Seong-Gyu Ko
    • 대한예방한의학회지
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    • 제27권2호
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    • pp.35-48
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    • 2023
  • Objective : We studied prognostic biomarkers discovery for lung cancer based on the pattern identification for the personalized Korean medicine. Methods : Using 30 tissue samples, we performed a whole exome sequencing to examine the genetic differences among three groups. Results : The exome sequencing identified among 23,490 SNPs germline variants, 12 variants showed significant frequency differences between Xu and Stasis groups (P<0.0005). As similar, 18 and 10 variants were identified in analysis for Xu vs. Gentleness group and Stasis vs. Gentleness group, respectively (P<0.001). Our exome sequencing also found 8,792 lung cancer specific variants and among the groups identified 6, 34, and 12 variants which showed significant allele frequency differences in the comparison groups; Xu vs. Stasis, Xu vs. Gentleness group, and Stasis vs. Gentleness group. As a result of PCA analysis, in germline data set, Xu group was divided from other groups. Analysis using somatic variants also showed similar result. And in gene ontology analysis using pattern identification variants, we found genes like as FUT3, MYCBPAP, and ST5 were related to tumorigenicity, and tumor metastasis in comparison between Xu and Stasis. Other significant SNPs for two were responsible for eye morphogenesis and olfactory receptor activity. Classification of somatic pattern identification variants showed close relationship in multicellular organism reproduction, anion-anion antiporter activity, and GTPase regulator activity. Conclusions : Taken together, our study identified 40 variants in 29 genes in association with germline difference of pattern identification groups and 52 variants in 47 genes in somatic cancer tissues.

Bioinformatics Interpretation of Exome Sequencing: Blood Cancer

  • Kim, Jiwoong;Lee, Yun-Gyeong;Kim, Namshin
    • Genomics & Informatics
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    • 제11권1호
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    • pp.24-33
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    • 2013
  • We had analyzed 10 exome sequencing data and single nucleotide polymorphism chips for blood cancer provided by the PGM21 (The National Project for Personalized Genomic Medicine) Award program. We had removed sample G06 because the pair is not correct and G10 because of possible contamination. In-house software somatic copy-number and heterozygosity alteration estimation (SCHALE) was used to detect one loss of heterozygosity region in G05. We had discovered 27 functionally important mutations. Network and pathway analyses gave us clues that NPM1, GATA2, and CEBPA were major driver genes. By comparing with previous somatic mutation profiles, we had concluded that the provided data originated from acute myeloid leukemia. Protein structure modeling showed that somatic mutations in IDH2, RASGEF1B, and MSH4 can affect protein structures.

A Novel VPS33B Variant Identified by Exome Sequencing in a Patient with Arthrogryposis-Renal Dysfunction-Cholestasis Syndrome

  • Lee, Min Ju;Suh, Chae Ri;Shin, Jeong Hee;Lee, Jee Hyun;Lee, Yoon;Eun, Baik-Lin;Yoo, Kee Hwan;Shim, Jung Ok
    • Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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    • 제22권6호
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    • pp.581-587
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    • 2019
  • Arthrogryposis-renal dysfunction-cholestasis (ARC) syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive multisystemic disease that is associated with the liver, kidney, skin, and central nervous and musculoskeletal systems. ARC occurs as a result of mutations in the VPS33B (Vacuolar protein sorting 33 homolog B) or VIPAR (VPS33B interacting protein, apical-basolateral polarity regulator) genes. A female infant presented with neonatal cholestasis with a severe clinical outcome. She was diagnosed with ARC syndrome using targeted exome sequencing (TES). Exome sequencing revealed compound heterozygous mutations, c.707A>T and c.239+5G>A, in VPS33B, where c.707A>T was a novel variant; the resultant functional protein defects were predicted via in silico analysis. c.239+5G>A, a pathogenic mutation that affects splicing, is found in less than 0.1% of the general population. Invasive techniques, such as liver biopsies, did not contribute to a differential diagnosis of ARC syndrome; thus, early TES together with clinical presentations constituted an apparently accurate diagnostic procedure.

차세대 염기서열분석을 이용한 유전성 대사질환의 유전진단 (Genetic Diagnosis of Inherited Metabolic Disorders using Next-Generation Sequencing)

  • 기창석
    • 대한유전성대사질환학회지
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    • 제23권2호
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 2023
  • 유전성 대사질환은 생화학적 대사 이상에 의해 발생하는 질환 군으로, 매우 다양할 뿐만 아니라 임상 양상이 서로 겹칠 수 있어 진단에 어려움을 겪을 수 있다. 과거에는 유전성 대사질환의 원인이 될 수 있는 유전자를 선정한 후 한 개씩 분석하는 방식으로 유전자 검사를 시행했다. 하지만, 최근에는 차세대 염기서열분석 기술이 발전함에 따라 유전성 대사질환과 관련된 수백-수천개의 유전자를 한꺼번에 분석하거나, 인간의 모든 유전자를 포함하는 엑솜/게놈 분석을 시행한 후 원인 유전자를 찾는 방식으로 유전 진단의 패러다임이 바뀌고 있다. 본 종설에서는 차세대 염기서열분석을 이용한 유전성 대사질환의 유전 진단 방법과 진단율 및 주의점 등을 살펴보고자 한다.

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Clinical genetics of defects in thyroid hormone synthesis

  • Kwak, Min Jung
    • Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
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    • 제23권4호
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    • pp.169-175
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    • 2018
  • Thyroid dyshormonogenesis is characterized by impairment in one of the several stages of thyroid hormone synthesis and accounts for 10%-15% of congenital hypothyroidism (CH). Seven genes are known to be associated with thyroid dyshormonogenesis: SLC5A5 (NIS), SCL26A4 (PDS), TG, TPO, DUOX2, DUOXA2, and IYD (DHEAL1). Depending on the underlying mechanism, CH can be permanent or transient. Inheritance is usually autosomal recessive, but there are also cases of autosomal dominant inheritance. In this review, we describe the molecular basis, clinical presentation, and genetic diagnosis of CH due to thyroid dyshormonogenesis, with an emphasis on the benefits of targeted exome sequencing as an updated diagnostic approach.

Tubulopathy: the clinical and genetic approach in diagnosis

  • Jinwoon Joung;Heeyeon Cho
    • Childhood Kidney Diseases
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    • 제27권1호
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    • pp.11-18
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    • 2023
  • Remarkable advances in genetic diagnosis expanded our knowledge about inherited tubulopathies and other genetic kidney diseases. This review suggests a simple categorization of inherited tubular disease, clarifies the concept of autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease (ADTKD), and introduces novel therapies developed for tubulopathies. Facing patients with suspicious tubular disorders, clinicians should first evaluate the status of volume and acid-base. This step helps the clinicians to localize the affected segment and to confirm genetic diagnosis. ADTKD is a recently characterized disease entity involving tubules. The known causative genes are UMOD, MUC1, REN, and HNF1β. Still, only half of ADTKD patients show mutations for these four identified genes. Whole exome sequencing is a suitable diagnostic tool for tubulopathies, especially for ADTKD. Genetic approaches to treat tubulopathies have progressed recently. Despite the practical obstacles, novel therapies targeting inherited tubulopathies are currently in development.

엑솜 시퀀싱으로 진단된 가족성 당원병 IXa 형 증례 (Familial Glycogen Storage Disease Type IXa Diagnosed by Targeted Exome Sequencing)

  • 손영배;장주영;이다근;장자현
    • 대한유전성대사질환학회지
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    • 제17권3호
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    • pp.96-102
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    • 2017
  • 당원병 IX형은 phosphorylase kinase 효소 결핍으로 분해되지 않은 당원이 간 또는 근육에 축적되는 유전성대사이상질환이다. 당원병 IXa형은 당원병 IX형 중 가장 흔한 형태로 PHKA2 유전자 변이로 발생한다. 당원병 IXa형의 임상증상은 간 비대, 간 효소 수치 상승, 성장 지연, 저혈당 등이 있다. 그러나, 이러한 임상 증상은 다른 타입의 당원병의 증상과 비슷하거나 겹쳐서 임상적으로는 구분하기가 어렵다. 저자들은 표적 엑솜 시퀀싱으로 진단된 가족성 당원병 IXa형 증례를 보고하고자 한다. 4세 남아가 간 비대와 간 효소 수치 상승을 주소로 내원하였다. 간 조직검사결과 간세포에 당원이 축적되어 있어 당원병을 의심하였으나 G6PC 유전자 검사는 음성이었다. 이에 당원병 타입을 감별진단 하기 위해 표적 엑솜시퀀싱을 시행하였으며, PHKA2 유전자에서 질환과의 연관성이 이미 보고된 바 있는 c.3632C>T (p.Thr121Met) 변이가 반접합체(hemizygote)로 발견되어 당원병 IXa로 진단하였다. 가족 유전자 검사를 통해 어머니가 이형접합체 보인자임을 확인하였으며, 남동생이 같은 변이를 가진 반접합체임을 확인하였다. 28개월 된 환자의 남동생 역시 신체 검진 상 간 비대가 있었으며, 혈액검사상 간 효소 수치가 상승되어 있어 같은 질환으로 확진하였다. 이환된 형제 모두 생 옥수수 전분 섭취와 복합 탄수화물을 섭취하도록 식이 조절을 하였으며 2년 추적관찰 동안 정상 성장 발달을 보이고 있다. 당원병과 같이 임상적으로 구분이 어려우며 유전학적으로 다양한 유전자 변이를 보이는 당원병과 같은 질환의 분자 유전학적 감별진단에 표적 엑솜 시퀀싱이 유용한 진단법이 될 수 있다. 신속하고 정확한 분자 유전학적 감별진단을 통해 환자와 보호자에게 질병의 적절한 치료법, 질병의 예후에 관한 정확한 정보를 제공할 수 있을 뿐 아니라, 적절한 유전상담을 제공할 수 있다.

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De novo mutations in COL4A5 identified by whole exome sequencing in 2 girls with Alport syndrome in Korea

  • Han, Kyoung Hee;Park, Jong Eun;Ki, Chang-Seok
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • 제62권5호
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    • pp.193-197
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    • 2019
  • Alport syndrome (ATS) is an inherited glomerular disease caused by mutations in one of the type IV collagen novel chains (${\alpha}3$, ${\alpha}4$, and ${\alpha}5$). ATS is characterized by persistent microscopic hematuria that starts during infancy, eventually leading to either progressive nephritis or end-stage renal disease. There are 3 known genetic forms of ATS, namely X-linked ATS, autosomal recessive ATS, and autosomal dominant ATS. About 80% of patients with ATS have X-linked ATS, which is caused by mutations in the type IV collagen ${\alpha}5$ chain gene, COL4A5. Although an 80% mutation detection rate is observed in men with X-linked ATS, some difficulties do exist in the genetic diagnosis of ATS. Most mutations are point mutations without hotspots in the COL4A3, COL4A4, and COL4A5 genes. Further, there are insufficient data on the detection of COL4A3 and COL4A4 mutations for their comparison between patients with autosomal recessive or dominant ATS. Therefore, diagnosis of ATS in female patients with no apparent family history can be challenging. Therefore, in this study, we used whole-exome sequencing (WES) to identify mutations in type IV collagen in 2 girls with glomerular basement membrane structural changes suspected to be associated with ATS; these patients had no relevant family history. Our results revealed de novo c.4688G>A (p.Arg1563Gln) and c.2714G>A (p.Gly905Asp) mutations in COL4A5. Therefore, we suggest that WES is an effective approach to obtain genetic information in ATS, particularly in female patients without a relevant family history, to detect unexpected DNA variations.