• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.369-379
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• 1993

The regional distribution and the relative frequencies of endocrine cells were studied in nine portions of the blue fox GI tract, and the distribution pattern and cell types of the pancreatic endocrine cells were also studied in the pancreas by immunohistochemical method. Six kinds of immunoreactive cells were identified in the GI tract, and four kinds of immunoreactive cells were also identified in the pancreas. Although numerous 5-HT- and somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were seen throughtout the GI tract, somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were a few in the intestine. Very numerous Gas/CCK-immunoreactive cells were restricted generally in the pyloric region and duodenum. Numerous glucagon-immunoreactive cells were found in the stomach except the pyloric region, and generally a few in the intestine. Moderate number of BPP-immunoreactive cells were found in the stomach except the pyloric region, and a few in the large intestine. Numerous porcine CG-immunoreactive cells were restricted to the cardiac and fundic region. In the pancreas, four types of pancreatic endocrine cells-somatostatin-, glucagon-, BPP- and insuline-immunoreactive-were identified in the pancreatic islet and exocrine portion. These results suggest that the regional distribution, the relative frequencies and cell types of the GEP endocrine cells in the GI tract and pancreas varies considerably among the species.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.579-589
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• 1993

The regional distribution and the relative frequencies of endocrine cells were studied in nine portions of the blue fox GI tract, and the distribution pattern and cell types of the pancreativc endocrine cells were also studied in the pancreas by immunohistochemical method. Six kinds of immunoreactive cells were identified in the GI tract, and four kinds of immunoreactive cells were also identified in the pancreas. Although numerous 5-HT- and somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were seen throughout the GI tract, somatostatin- immunoreactive cells were a few in the intestine. Very numerous Gas/CCK-immunoreactive cells were restricted generally in the pyloric region and duodenum. Numerous glucagon-immunoreactive cells were found in the stomach except the pyloric region, and generally a few in the intestine. Moderate number of BPP-immunoreactive cells were found in the stomach except the pyloric region, and a few in the large intestine. Numerous porcine CG-immunoreactive cells were restricted to the cardiac and fundic region. In the pancreas, four types of pancreatic endocrine cells- somatostatin-, glucagon-, BPP- and insulin-immunoreactive- were identified in the pancreatic islet and exocrine portion. These results suggest that the regional distribution, the relative frequencies and cell types of the GEP endocrine cells in the GI tract and pancreas varies considerably among the species.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.252-258
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• 2017

Purpose: Blunt trauma of pancreas in children is uncommon and its management varies from observational to early operative intervention. We analysed the feasibility and outcome of non-operative management in all grades of paediatric pancreatic injuries. Methods: A total of 15 patients of pancreatic trauma seen in a Paediatric Surgery Unit were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Age of the patients ranged from 3-11 years (mean, 7.7 years). The mode of injury was local trauma in 9 children. Only 3 patients had associated injuries and all were haemodynamically stable. Serum amylase levels were raised in 12 patients at admission which ranged from 400-1,000 IU. Computed tomography scan made a correct diagnosis in 14 patients. Grades of the injury varied from grade I-V (1, 3, 6, 4, 1 patients respectively). Fourteen patients were managed conservatively. One patient underwent laparotomy for suspected superior mesenteric hematoma. The average duration of enteral feeds was 3.7 days and of hospital stay was 9.4 days. Six patients formed pancreatic pseudocysts; two were managed conservatively while the other four underwent cystogastrostomy. The patients were followed up for a period of 1-12 years. All remained asymptomatic and none had exocrine or endocrine deficiencies. Conclusion: Non-operative treatment for isolated blunt trauma of pancreas in children may be safely followed for all the grades of injury; if associated injuries requiring surgical intervention are ruled out with a good quality imaging and the patients are hemodynamically stable. It did not increase the hospital stay and morbidity and avoided operative intervention on acutely injured pancreas.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.1044-1049
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• 2000

Three wethers fitted with silastic catheters for collection of pancreatic juice, and cannulas located in the abomasum and the duodenum were used to investigate the effects of different hay and energy intake on pancreatic exocrine secretion. The wethers were fed Italian ryegrass hay or alfalfa hay at maintenance energy requirement and alfalfa hay ad libitum. High energy intake from alfalfa significantly increased abomasal flow of dry matter and both the concentration and daily secretion of ${\alpha}-amylase $. The high energy intake also tended to increase daily secretion of lipase, trypsin and chymotrypsin through the large volume of pancreatic juice. Compared with Italian ryegrass hay, alfalfa hay at the maintenance decreased abomasal dry matter flow, but increased concentration of ${\alpha}-amylase $ in the pancreatic juice, and tended to increase daily secretion of ${\alpha}-amylase $. The secretion of the other enzymes was not different between the two hays at maintenance intake. These results suggest that the kind of hay could change the concentration of ${\alpha}-amylase $ in the pancreatic juice, and that the intake level of alfalfa hay affects the ${\alpha}-amylase $ concentration and the juice volume secreted from the pancreas.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.831-838
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• 1996

This study was undertaken in order to elucidate the effects of raw, roast and steamed buckwheat on fecal protein, Pancreas weight, the activities of $\alpha-amylase,$ chymotrypsin and lipase 91 the pancreas, and $\alpha-amylase,$ chymotrypsin and trypsin activities of the feces in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Fecal proteins of raw, roast and steamed buckwheat diabetic groups were increased up to 99%, 91%, 103%, respectively compared to those of the diabetic control group. Feeding of buckwheat diet increased pancreas weight, especially raw buckwheat diabetic group(p<0.05). Pancreatic chymo-trypsin activity was decreased in buckwheat diabetic groups compared to diabetic control group, wheres any significant difference was observed in $\alpha-amylase$ and lipase activities. Fecal chymotrypsin activi-ty was significantly increased in all buckwheat diabetic groups. Fecal trypsin activity was increased in roast buckwheat diabetic groups compared to diabetic control group and fecal $\alpha-amylase$ activity in buckwheat diabetic group was not significantly different. These results suggest that feeding of buckwheat diet enhances the impaired exocrine pancreatic function of diabetic rat.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.64-69
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• 2014

Among exocrine pancreatic tumors, adenosquamous carcinoma is a rare, aggressive subtype with a poor prognosis and a high potential for metastases compared with its more conventional glandular counterpart, adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. We herein describe the imaging findings of pancreatic adenosquamous cell carcinoma with solitary liver metastasis showing different imaging features and also review the previous literature to recognize characteristic imaging features of pancreatic adenosquamous cell carcinoma.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.67-80
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• 1994

8-10 week old ICR mice were infected intracerebrally and intraperitoneally with different encephalomyocarditis virus(K$_3$, $K_{11}$, ATT-VR 129) to observe histopathological and immunohistochemical change. Results obtained throuh the experiments were summarized as follows : 1. No differences in clinical signs by the virus strains and the inoculation routes were found. Mice infected with EMCV showed clinical signs after 3 days of inoculation. Main clinical signs were tremors, convulsions, circling movement, and uni or bilateral hindleg paralysis followed by death on the 3-8 days. In general, most of the infected animals died or recovered closely on the 8th day of postinoculation. 2. At necropsy, petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhages in lung were observed and no specific findings in other were observed. 3. In histopathological observation, neuroal cell degeneration perivascular mononucear cell in-filtration gliosis were appeared in central nervous system. Myocarditis with myocardial degeneration and necrosis, calcification were observed along with acinar cell necrosis of exocrine glands in pancreas, severe glomerulonephritis in kidney. Also, focal necrosis of hepatocytes and interstitial pneymonia hyperemia, hemorrhages in lungs were observed. 4. By immunohistochemical staining using ABCIT method, the positive cells were recognized in intracytoplasm of acinar cell in pancreas and intracytoplasm of neuronal cells in cerebrum.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.321-331
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• 1992

The regional distribution and relative frequency of gastrointestinal endocrine cells were studied immunohistochemically in the gastrointestinal mucosa and pancreas of the fresh water turtle. Ten kinds of endocrine cells were identified in the gastrointestinal tract. Cholecystokinin-8-, bovine pancreatic polypetide-and glucagon-immunoreactive cells were seen throughout the gastrointestinal tract, also among them cholecystokinin-8-immunoreactive cells were most predominant in segment III. Although gastrin- and gastrin/cholecystokinin-immunoreactive cells were found from segment III to VI and X, respectively, they were numerous in segment III. Somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were observed from segment I to VII. 5-hydroxytryptamine- immunoreactive cells were detected in segment I, III, VIII, IX and X. Human pancreatic polypeptide-immunoreactive cells were demonstrated in segment V, VI, VIII, IX and X. Insulin-immunoreactive cells were found from segment III to X except for segment VIII, but rare in segment VII. Neurotensin-immunoreactive cells were found to be restricted to segment VIII, IX and X. No porcine chromogranin-, substance P- and bombesin-immunoreactive cells were detected throughout the gastrointestinal tract of the fresh water turtle. Although typical mammalian pancreatic islets encapsulated by connective tissue were not present in this species, five kinds of endocrine cells-glucagon, insulin, somatostatin, bovine pancreatic polypeptide and 5-hydroxytryptamine-were found in forming small or large groups and scattered in the exocrine gland region. However porcine chromogranin- and motilin-immunoreactive cells could not be demonstrated in the pancreas.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.128-134
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• 1998

Nitric oxide synthase, NOS (EC.1.14.13.39), was purified from bovine pancreas over 5,500-fold with a 7.6% yield using 30% ammonium sulfate precipitation, and $2^1$,$5^1$-ADP-agarose and calmodulin-agarose affinity chromatography. The purified bovine pancreatic NOS (bpNOS) showed a single band on SDS-PAGE corresponding to an apparent molecular mass of 160 kDa, whereas it was 320 kDa on non-denaturating gel-filtration. This indicated a homodimeric nature of the enzyme. The specific activity of the purified bpNOS was 31.67 nmol L-citrulline fored/mtn/mg protein and an apparent $K\textrm{m}$ for L-arginine was 15.72 $\mu\textrm{M}$, The enzyme activity was dependent on $Ca^{2+}$ and calmodulin, and to a lesser extent on NADPH, FAD and FMN. $H_4B$ was not required as a cofactor for the activity. In an inhibition experiment with L-arginine analogues, $N^G$-nitro-L-arginine (NNA) had the most potent inhibitory effect on bpNOS, and $N^{G}$, $N^{G1}$-dimethyl-L-arginine (symmetric; sDMA) did not have any inhibitory effect. Immunohistochemical analysis of the bovine pancreas using brain type NOS antibody (anti-bNOS antibody) revealed that acinar cells showed strong immunoreactivity against the antibody.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.747-755
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• 1996

The regional distribution and relative frequencies of the gastro-entero-pancreatic endocrine cells were studied immunohistochemically in the GIT and pancreas of the Korean mole. Seven kinds of endocrine cells were identified in this study. Although 5-HT- and somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were seen throughout the GIT, they were most predominant in the pyloric gland region. Glucagon-immunoreactive cells were restricted on the large intestine. Bovine CG-immunoreactive cells were more frequent in the stomach than in the intestines which were not detected in the duodenum. Numerous Gas/CCK-immunoreactive cells were found in the pyloric gland region, but rarely in the jejunum and ileum. BPP-immunoreactive cells were observed to be rare in the stomach and ileum but were a few in number in the intestines. In the pancreas, four types, namely, glucagon-, somatostatin-, BPP- and insulin-immunoreactive cells were identified in the pancreatic islets and exocrine portion. These results suggest that although endocrine cells of the Korean mole is less abundant in the duodenum, the distribution pattern of its gastro-entero-pancreatic endocrine cells is similar to that reported for the Korean hedgehog.