• Korea Real Estate Review
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.7-21
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• 2018

This study was conducted to determine the location determinants that influence the sales of the "Storyway" convenience stores built at the country's railway stations. The preceding studies were about the convenience stores located in the residence-business areas or along the roadsides. This study, on the other hand, focused on the characteristics of the stations, based on a theory that is different from the existing theories. The targets of this study were the 301 "Storyway" convenience stores doing business in the 198 railway stations in the country, and the dummy parameter and hedonic-price model function were used for multiple regression analysis. For the study results, it was found that the number of people using the railway and the size of the store have a positive effect on the sales whereas the other brand competitors have a negative effect thereon. Second, the subway stations holding 89% of the total passengers in the country have unexpectedly no positive influence on the sales. Third, depending on the transfer, it was found that no transfer station had smaller sales than the transfer stations. Finally, as for the location of the stores in the station, the stores located on the platforms or passageways have a smaller turnover rate than the stores in the welcoming spaces and squares. This research result shows that when starting a convenience store business, the number of people using the railway, the size of the store, the transfer possibility, and the location of the store inside the station have to be considered under the circumstance of recession on the part of the convenience stores due to excessive competition.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2021

The study intends to identify the effects of infrastructure property on an apartment house by analyzing the price variation affected by factors constituting the quality of the transit services of each individual station in urban railway system based on hedonic price model. The research findings indicate that the prices depending on the transit users have increased from 7.8% to 12.2% in Seoul and decreased from 6.1% to 12.9% in Gyeonggi, which implies that a lower number of transfer users has a positive effect on housing prices in Seoul unlike Gyeonggi. It also is noteworthy that the distance to the urban railway station had a negative effect on housing prices in Seoul and positive effect in Gyeonggi. Taking these results together, in Seoul, the increase in the number of transit users had a negative effect on neighborhood housing prices. When analyzed by segments, however, an additional negative effect was observed only in the apartments located within the radius of 100 meters. It is also found that the impact of transit users varies according to the regional characteristics, such as the density of commercial facilities and the population density, and the spatial extent of negative effect also showed regional differences. These results provide implications for the planning of new stations, new cities, and land use of existing areas around stations.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.231-240
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• 2022

This study empirically analyzed the effect of complex commercial facilities on the price of nearby apartments in a Hedonic price model. The spatial range of this study was the walking area of H Department Store located in Pangyo among the second new towns suburb of Seoul, and the time range was 2020. The dependent variable was the real transaction price of the apartment, and independent variable were the characteristics of the housing, the characteristics of the complex, and the characteristics of the region. As a result of the analysis, the area of exclusive use space, the transaction floor, and the highway accessibility had a positive effect on the price of the apartment, and the elapsed year had a negative effect on the price of the apartment. However, the size of the apartment had little effect on apartment prices, and the distance from the complex commercial facilities was shown to be related to apartment prices, indicating that apartment prices declined as it moved away from the complex commercial facilities. Therefore, this is much more influential than the influence of distance from subway stations on apartment price. This confirms that the effect factors of apartment prices and the size of their influence appear differently in the new town area and the existing metropolitan area.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.1-19
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• 2023

Bikes have recently emerged as an alternative to carbon neutrality. To understand the demand for public bikes, we endeavored to estimate travel frequency of public bike by considering the intermediate stops. Using the GPS trajectory data of 'Ttareungyi', a public bike service in Seoul, we identified a stay point and estimated travel frequency reflecting population, land use, and physical characteristics. Application of map matching and a stay point detection algorithm revealed that stay point appeared in about 12.1% of the total trips. Compared to a trip without stay point, the trip with stay point has a longer average travel distance and travel time and a higher occurrence rate during off-peak hours. According to visualization analysis, the stay points are mainly found in parks, leisure facilities, and business facilities. To consider the stay point, the unit of analysis was set as a hexagonal grid rather than the existing rental station base. Travel frequency considering the stay point were analyzed using the Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial (ZINB) model. Results of our analysis revealed that the travel frequency were higher in bike infrastructure where the safety of bike users was secured, such as 'Bikepath' and 'Bike and pedestrian path'. Also, public bikes play a role as first & last mile means of access to public transportation. The measure of travel frequency was also observed to increase in life and employment centers. Considering the results of this analysis, securing safety facilities and space for users should be given priority when planning any additional expansion of bike infrastructure. Moreover, there is a necessity to establish a plan to supply bike infrastructure facilities linked to public transportation, especially the subway.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.23-43
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• 2016

As a result of the growth of Internet data and the rapid development of Internet technology, "big data" analysis has gained prominence as a major approach for evaluating and mining enormous data for various purposes. Especially, in recent years, people tend to share their experiences related to their leisure activities while also reviewing others' inputs concerning their activities. Therefore, by referring to others' leisure activity-related experiences, they are able to gather information that might guarantee them better leisure activities in the future. This phenomenon has appeared throughout many aspects of leisure activities such as movies, traveling, accommodation, and dining. Apart from blogs and social networking sites, many other websites provide a wealth of information related to leisure activities. Most of these websites provide information of each product in various formats depending on different purposes and perspectives. Generally, most of the websites provide the average ratings and detailed reviews of users who actually used products/services, and these ratings and reviews can actually support the decision of potential customers in purchasing the same products/services. However, the existing websites offering information on leisure activities only provide the rating and review based on one stage of a set of evaluation criteria. Therefore, to identify the main issue for each evaluation criterion as well as the characteristics of specific elements comprising each criterion, users have to read a large number of reviews. In particular, as most of the users search for the characteristics of the detailed elements for one or more specific evaluation criteria based on their priorities, they must spend a great deal of time and effort to obtain the desired information by reading more reviews and understanding the contents of such reviews. Although some websites break down the evaluation criteria and direct the user to input their reviews according to different levels of criteria, there exist excessive amounts of input sections that make the whole process inconvenient for the users. Further, problems may arise if a user does not follow the instructions for the input sections or fill in the wrong input sections. Finally, treating the evaluation criteria breakdown as a realistic alternative is difficult, because identifying all the detailed criteria for each evaluation criterion is a challenging task. For example, if a review about a certain hotel has been written, people tend to only write one-stage reviews for various components such as accessibility, rooms, services, or food. These might be the reviews for most frequently asked questions, such as distance between the nearest subway station or condition of the bathroom, but they still lack detailed information for these questions. In addition, in case a breakdown of the evaluation criteria was provided along with various input sections, the user might only fill in the evaluation criterion for accessibility or fill in the wrong information such as information regarding rooms in the evaluation criteria for accessibility. Thus, the reliability of the segmented review will be greatly reduced. In this study, we propose an approach to overcome the limitations of the existing leisure activity information websites, namely, (1) the reliability of reviews for each evaluation criteria and (2) the difficulty of identifying the detailed contents that make up the evaluation criteria. In our proposed methodology, we first identify the review content and construct the lexicon for each evaluation criterion by using the terms that are frequently used for each criterion. Next, the sentences in the review documents containing the terms in the constructed lexicon are decomposed into review units, which are then reconstructed by using the evaluation criteria. Finally, the issues of the constructed review units by evaluation criteria are derived and the summary results are provided. Apart from the derived issues, the review units are also provided. Therefore, this approach aims to help users save on time and effort, because they will only be reading the relevant information they need for each evaluation criterion rather than go through the entire text of review. Our proposed methodology is based on the topic modeling, which is being actively used in text analysis. The review is decomposed into sentence units rather than considering the whole review as a document unit. After being decomposed into individual review units, the review units are reorganized according to each evaluation criterion and then used in the subsequent analysis. This work largely differs from the existing topic modeling-based studies. In this paper, we collected 423 reviews from hotel information websites and decomposed these reviews into 4,860 review units. We then reorganized the review units according to six different evaluation criteria. By applying these review units in our methodology, the analysis results can be introduced, and the utility of proposed methodology can be demonstrated.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.35-47
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• 2014

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the pollution level (gaseous and particle phase) in the public facilities for the PAHs, non-regulated materials, forecast the risk level by the health risk assessment (HRA) and propose the guideline level. PAH assessments through sampling of particulate matter of diameter < 2.5 ${\mu}m$ ($PM_{2.5}$). The user and worker exposure scenario for the PAHs consists of 24-hour exposure scenario (WIES) assuming the worst case and the normal exposure scenario (MIES) based on the survey. This study investigated 20 PAH substances selected out of 32 substances known to be carcinogenic or potentially carcinogenic. The risk assessment applies major toxic equivalency factor (TEF) proposed from existing studies and estaimates individual Excess Cancer Risk (ECR). The study assesses the fine dusts ($PM_{2.5}$) and the exposure levels of the gaseous and particle PAH materials for 6 spots in each 8 facility, e.g. underground subway stations, child-care facilities, elderly care facilities, super market, indoor parking lot, terminal waiting room, internet caf$\acute{e}$ (PC-rooms), movie theater. For internet caf$\acute{e}$ (PC-rooms) in particular, that marks the highest $PM_{2.5}$ concentration and the average concentration of 10 spots (2 spots for each cafe) is 73.3 ${\mu}g/m^3$ (range: 6.8-185.2 ${\mu}g/m^3$). The high level of $PM_{2.5}$ seen in internet cafes was likely due to indoor smoking in most cases. For the gaseous PAHs, the detection frequency for 4-5 rings shows high and the elements with 6 rings shows low frequency. For the particle PAHs, the detection frequency for 2-3 rings shows low and the elements with 6 rings show high frequency. As a result, it is investigated that the most important PAHs are the naphthalene, acenaphthene and phenanthrene from the study of Kim et al. (2013) and this annual study. The health risk assessment demonstrates that each facility shows the level of $10^{-6}-10^{-4}$. Considering standards and local source of pollution levels, it is judged that the management standard of the benzo (a)pyrene, one of the PAHs, shall be managed with the range of 0.5-1.2 $ng/m^3$. Smoking and ventilation were considered as the most important PAHs exposure associated with public facility $PM_{2.5}$. This study only estimated for inhalation health risk of PAHs and focused on the associated cancer risk, while multiple measurements would be necessary for public health and policy.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.4 s.66
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• pp.61-70
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• 2006

The functions and roles in the various fields of modern society are changing into the unified and multiplex structure, which is simultaneous and virtual communication environments beyond physical space and time, by the digital IT technology. The urban traffic system is also being intellectualized in order to solve urban traffic problems and convenient services by using digital IT technology. The bus, which is the one of the most common public transportation, are suffering in the decrease of bus service quality and the bus passengers rate because of the development of other public transportation systems such as the subway and electric railway and by rapidly increasing private cars. By recognizing these problems, many domestic and overseas cities are promoting to introduce the Bus Information System (BIS) to improve service quality of buses through the intelligent traffic system. According to the construction of this new information system called the Bus Information System (BIS), the new bus stop configuration system and design plans are being required to solve the existing bus stop information system. Therefore, this research was conducted to suggest an effective BIS configuration system plan and synthetic design goals based on the investigation the problems of the information system and the BIS configuration system for Busan city. Also, this research are conducted the below actions as follows: First, the literature survey was conducted, such as theoretical documents on the bus stop and the Bus Information System(BIS), Also, the design trend of the BIS was examined through domestic and overseas BIS cases studies. Scondly, the problems related to the information system in Busan city bus stops were investigated to investigate the present state and problems of the Bus Information System (BIS). Finally, as a result of this research, the effective BIS configuration system plan and design approach methods of bus stops were proposed for by Busan city based on the above investigation results.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.113-132
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• 2003

Using nonradial data envelopment analysis(DEA) under assumptions of strong disposability and variable returns scale, this paper annually estimates productive. technical and allocative efficiencies of three publicly-owned rail transit properties which are different in terms of organizational type: Seoul Subway Corporation(SSC, local public corporation), the Seoul Metropolitan Electrified Railways sector (SMESRS) of Korea National Railroad(the national railway operator controlled by the Ministry of Construction and Transportation(MOCT)), and Busan Urban Transit Authority (BUTA, the national authority controlled by MOCT). Using the estimation results of Tobit regression analysis. the paper next computes their true productive, true technical and true allocative efficiencies, which reflect only the impacts of internal factors such as production activity by removing the impacts of external factors such as an organizational type and a track utilization rate. And the paper also computes an organizational efficiency and annually gross efficiencies for each property. The paper then conceptualized that the property produces a single output(car-kilometers) using four inputs(labor, electricity, car & maintenance and track) and uses unbalanced panel data consisted of annual observations on SSC, SMESRS and BUTA. The results obtained from DEA show that, on an average, SSC is the most efficient property on the productive and allocative sides, while SMESRS is the most technically-efficient one. On the other hand. BUTA is the most efficient one on the truly-productive and allocative sides, while SMESRS on the truly-technical side. Another important result is that the differences in true efficiency estimates among the three properties are considerably smaller than those in efficiency estimates. Besides. the most cost-efficient organizational type appears to be a local public corporation represented by SSC, which is also the most grossly-efficient property. These results suggest that a measure to sort out the impacts of external factors on the efficiency of rail transit properties is required to assess fairly it, and that a measure to restructure (establish) an existing(a new) rail transit property into a local public corporation(or authority) is required to improve its cost efficiency.