• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.219-224
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• 2016

Objectives: Lung cancer occurred with worker working in an urban bus garage. A survey was conducted to investigate whether lung cancer had causal relationship with work. Exposure to asbestos and diesel engine exhaust were suspected. Methods: Airborne asbestos was sampled on membrane filter and analyzed using phase-contrast microscopy. Airborne diesel exhaust was sampled using quartz filter and analyzed with thermal-optical analyzer. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons was sampled using PTFE filter and XAD-2 tube and analyzed with gas chromatography-mass selective detector. Results: Airborne asbestos concentration was under 0.01 fiber/cc. Worker who warmed up an engine of urban bus for 2 hours was exposed to elemental carbon concentration, $15.5{\mu}g/m^3$. Only naphtalene among polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons was detected. Conclusions: It was difficult to conclude about worker exposure to asbestos because working hour related asbestos was too short. In reviewing papers, the exposure to asbestos over 0.01 fiber/cc during exchange brake lining was found. It was identified that worker's occupational exposure to diesel exhaust based on elemental carbon was higher than the other occupational exposure to diesel exhaust.

• Journal of the korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.89-94
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• 1991

In the quantitative analysis of oxygenated exhaust emissions (unburned methanol, formal- dehyde) from methanol fueled vehicles, the oxygen contained in oxygenated exhaust gases lowers the FID (Flame Ionization Detector) response factor of conventional THC analyzer and leads to erroneous HC reading. For correct measurement of various HCs including oxygenated HCs emitted from FFV(Flexible Fuel Vehicle), first of all, the measurement technique of real HC emissions should be established. GC and HPLC-DNPH measuring methods specified by the EPA are used in this paper to analyze unburned methanol and formaldehyde components in the exhaust emissions. In emission test of FFV, unburned methanol and formaldehyde are emitted mostly during cold transient period, and it is shown that formaldehyde emission level is proportional to engine displacements. In view of the HC emission level, vehicle using M85 has 40% advantage over gasoline-fueled vehicle in OMHCE and has a good potential of a low emission vehicle.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.52-58
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• 2011

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of equivalence ratio on the combustion and emission characteristics of a compression ignition engine fueled with biodiesel. In this research, a single-cylinder direct injection engine with 373.3 cc of displacement volume was tested on DC dynamometer. In order to investigate the effect of biodiesel equivalence ratio on combustion characteristics, the experiments were conducted at various equivalence ratios and injection pressures of 40~120 MPa. For investigating engine performance, lambda meter was connected and equivalence ratios was varied from 0.6 to 1.0. In addition, the exhaust emissions such as oxides of nitrogen($NO_X$), hydrocarbon(HC) and carbon monoxide(CO) were measured by exhaust gas analyzer under the various air/fuel ratios. The experimental results show that maximum IMEP was measured at the 0.8 of equivalence ratio. Furthermore, $NO_X$ emission was rapidly decreased as the increase of equivalence ratio. However soot emission was significantly increased according to the increase of equivalence ratio.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.547-554
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• 2002

We are facing the serious environmental pollution difficulties such as acid rain, green house effects, etc. The gaseous matter NOx, SOx, VOCs which are regarded as main factors for these current pollutions are mainly emitted from power plants and vehicles. Therefore several leading countries are regulating the emissions strictly, especially the exhaust emissions from a Diesel engine without an aftertreatment device. The objective of this study is to find out soot and NO removal characteristics focused on the emissions of a Diesel engine by using nonthermal plasma for each engine speeds and loads. Electrostatic precipitator(wire-to-plate type reactor) is used for soot removal. Radicals generated from outer air and put into a mixing chamber in the end of exhaust line are used for NO removal. Concentration of exhaust emissions is analyzed from the gas analyzer(KaneMay) and FTIR to estimate by-products.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.1-5
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• 2016

The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of turbo chargers on engines for off-road use when combined with WGT and VGT technologies. The effectiveness of turbo chargers was measured and performance was compared using a functional model. Exhaust characteristics were compared using WGT and VGT technologies through a gas analyzer. Results showed VGT technology was more effective at high RPM compared to WGT technology. When it came to maximising turbo performance, VGT was more effective than WGT in every test. WGT and VGT produced similar exhaust NOx levels, whereas the VGT was more effective on the PM.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.104-109
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• 2005

This paper describes the effect of the split injection on combustion and emission characteristics in a common rail diesel engine at various operating conditions. The combustion pressures and exhaust emissions such as $NO_x$ and soot were measured at various split injection timings. The experimental apparatus of this study is composed of 4 cylinder engine installed with piezoelectric pressure sensor, EC dynamometer, and exhaust gas analyzer for the measurement of $NO_x$, CO, HC and soot emissions. Results show that the split injection has a great effect on reducing the rapid premixed combustion and $NO_x$ emissions.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2013.06a
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• pp.33-35
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• 2013

The present work is an experimental investigation on potential operating range using directly injected gasoline fuel in a single-cylinder compression ignition (CI) engine. The objectives of present study were to apply auto-ignited combustion to gasoline fuel and to evaluate potential operating range. In order to auto-ignite gasoline fuel in CI engine, the fuel direct-injection system and the intake air system were modified that a flow rate and temperature of intake air were regulated. The heat-release rate (HRR), net indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP), start of combustion (SOC), and combustion duration were derived from in-cylinder pressure data in a test engine, which has 373.33cc displacement volume and 17.8 compression ratio. The exhaust emission characteristics were obtained emission gas analyzer and smoke meter on the exhaust line system.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.109.1-109.1
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• 2011

This study is a part of the project that investigates a possibility of using methyl/ethyl butyrate as an alternative material of MTBE. To investigate characteristics of the two materials, a 2.0L 4-cylinders SI engine that was coupled to an 160kw EC engine dynamometer was used and operated several conditions. Two exhaust gas analyzer was used to measure CO, NOx and THC of after and before of a catalyst. Also, to compare combustion characteristics of the fuels a combustion analyzer was used for measuring pressure of inside of a cylinder. The results show no special difference between MTBE and the two materials from the emission and combustion characteristics aspect.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.16-20
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• 2013

The investigation was conducted to analyze the exhaust emission characteristics in diesel engine according to intake air mass flow. In this study, the test diesel engine with a 5,899 cubic centimeter displacement and power of the 260 ps was used to analyze the emission characteristics according to the intake air mass flow. In addition, the test modes were applied by the ND-13 and ETC mode. In order to analyze the emission characteristics, the engine dynamometer with 440 kW and emission gas analyzer (AMA-4000) were utilized. From the experimental results, it is revealed that the NOx and HC emissions in the intake air mass flow of large amount have high levels compared to those in the intake air mass flow of small amount in the ND-13 mode. However, the PM emission was shown the opposite trend in the NOx and HC emission due to the trade-off relation between the NOx and PM.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.398-405
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• 2003

A fast response analyzer for measuring carbon dioxide concentration has been developed for transient characteristic and researches tested on internal combustion engine. The analyzer uses the well known NDIR(Non-Dispersive Infrared) method with miniaturized detection system, giving a time constant of approximately 30 microsecond, and sampling module consists of capillary tube. Since the transit time and the time constant of the sampling system depend on the sampling conditions, it is necessary to investigate the characteristics of sampling system before applied to exhaust gas measurement in engine. A unique method was designed to study the influence of the diameter of transfer sample line and operating conditions of the FRNDIR on transit time and time constant. A database of transit time and time constant was built up for different measured and simulated pressure conditions. The database can be used for correcting eventual $CO_2$ concentration measurement.