• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.619-625
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• 2013

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of muscle fatigue on knee joint position sense in the young, elderly adults, and stroke patients. METHODS: The subjects were recruited into three groups; young group(YG)(N=15), elderly group(EG)(N=15), and stroke group(SG)(N=15). Exercise-induced fatigue was achieved by repeated active exercise 60 times on an angle at 10 to 100 degrees of the knee joint with an angle speed of $120^{\circ}/s$, with three sets for 15 minutes. Evaluation was performed for determination of repositioning error using passive angle repositioning (PAR) and active angle repositioning (AAR). RESULT: Regarding the error score for the knee joint position sense in both the baseline and muscle fatigue, significant increases were observed between the YG and EG (p<.05), and between the EG and SG (p<.01), and between YG and SG (p<.05) in the PAR, YG and SG (p<.05) in the AAR. CONCLUSION: In particular, the results of this study indicate that management and intervention for elderly adults and stroke patients can result in improvement of proprioception.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 2006

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of diaphragmatic breathing on activation of lumbar paraspinal muscles of normal healthy people. Diaphragmatic breathing may affect activation of trunk muscles. The assumptions are as follows: the crural diaphragm attatches to the lumbar vertebrae from L1 to L3, the voluntary downward pressurization of the diaphragm increases intra-abdominal pressure, and this increases the stiffness of the spine. Methods : Sixty male college students ranging 19 to 34 years were screened and % maximal voluntary contraction(% MVC) of trunk muscles on the four positions of back extension exercise was compared during the pre and post of inspiration of diaphragmatic breathing. Results : 1. % MVC of right and left erector spinae had the statistically significant difference between pre and post inspiration of diaphragmatic breathing in the dynamic right arm and left leg extension position(p<0.05). 2. % MVC of right and left erector spinae had the statistically significant difference between pre and post inspiration of diaphragmatic breathing in the dynamic left arm and right leg extension position(p<0.05). 3. % MVC of right and left erector spinae had the statistically significant difference between pre and post inspiration of diaphragmatic breathing in the static lying prone extension position(p<0.05). 4. % MVC of right and left erector spinae had the statistically significant difference between pre and post inspiration of diaphragmatic breathing in the static lying on prone position(p<0.05). Conclusion : This study will be used as the purpose of data collection of lumbar paraspinal muscles on diaphragmatic breathing and be introduced as the new therapeutic intervention for management of patients with back pain.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.149-155
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of using proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) exercise in the progressive sitting position on the dynamic balance ability of a patient with a cerebellar injury. Methods: The subject had ataxia due to cerebellar injury. The subject participated in a PNF bilateral scapular pattern exercise with stabilizing reversal technique during a progressive sitting position session as well as baseline for 20 minutes a day for 4 weeks. In the first session, PNF exercises were performed at a height of 40 cm for 10 minutes, and in the second session they were performed at 50 cm for 10 minutes from a lower center of gravity (COG) to a higher COG sitting position. We used the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand Test (FTSST), and the Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT) to measure the subject's dynamic balance ability every two days through the entire session. Results: After participating in the program, the subject's dynamic balance ability improved compared to the first baseline, as measured by BBS (2 points increased), FTSST (5.3 sec decreased), and TUGT (2 sec decreased). The increase was also maintained in the second baseline session. Conclusion: PNF exercise using bilateral scapula patterns with a stabilizing reversal technique helps to enhance the dynamic balance ability of a cerebellar injury patient.

• Journal of Naturopathy
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.22-26
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• 2020

Purposes: The purposes of this study were to investigate the relationship between the standing position of the subject and the normal standing position(NSP) and the straight standing position(SSP) and to investigate the possibility of different body shape test results depending on the status of the image inspection apparatus. Methods: The images of the NSP and SSP were compared with each other by body line BLS system. Results: At the time of examination, the position of the camera was captured at a position 2.3 m vertically from the posterior position 45 cm behind the subject. This is a privacy protection method for covering the breast of the subject. Results: The physiological characteristics of the anatomical position of the body align image test are the living body. NSP and SSP tests showed different shapes of the pelvis AS(antero-supero) and pelvis rotation in the transverse plane. Shoulder and arm displacement was observed in the trunk extension image capture. Conclusions: In the body alignment test, the pelvis position test images of NSP and SSP are evaluated differently for pelvis rotation, AS, and PS. At the extension position of the trunk, a test of the maximal extension range showed that the left and right shortening of the shoulder anterior muscles could be observed. Inducing and testing the trunk extension is also useful.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.97-102
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• 2008

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to find the effect of foot bath on blood pressure(BP) following treadmill exercise. Methode : Subject of study were forty healthy males without any cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and neurologic diseases. Following twenty minutes walking at a speed of 5m/s on the treadmill, ten twenty subjects in experimental group received foot bath, on the dominant lower limb while sitting in chair. Foot bath was applied to the level of the lateral and medial malleoli keeping the temperature of the paraffin bath at $40{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$. Twenty subjects in control group took a rest sitting in chair in a comfortable position. BP was measured in right brachial artery. BP was measured five times(before exercise, immediately after exercise, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, and fifteen minutes after exercise). Results : The study showed that for diastolic blood pressure, there was no significant difference between the experimental and the control group. However, systolic blood pressure(SBP) increased significantly after exercise compared with SBP before exercise (p<.05). In addition, SBP in five minutes after exercise decreased significantly compared with SBP in immediately after exercise (p<.05). On the other hand, the control group had significant difference between SBP measured before exercise and SBP measured at the other measure time (p<.05). In five minutes after exercise, SBP in experimental group had significant difference with SBP in control group (p<.05). Similarly, in ten and fifteen minutes after exercise, SBP in experimental group had significantly difference with SBP in control group (p<.05). Conclusion : Consequently it was confirmed that when foot bath was applied, the increased BP induced by the exercise returned to normal range rapidly.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 2018

Background: This study examined the effects of nerve mobilization exercise and scapula postural correction exercise and scapula postural correction exercise after applying conservative physical therapy to frozen shoulder. Methods: Thirty-four outpatients were divided into a nerve mobilization exercise and scapula postural correction exercise group and scapula postural correction exercise group. Each group performed its own exercise 30 minutes per day, three times per week, for 6 weeks. Pain intensity was measured by the visual analogue scale. Range of motion was measured by the goniometer. The scapular position was measured by scapular index. Grasping power was measured by the Grip Track Commander. Measurements were made at baseline and six weeks after the intervention. Results: the visual analogue scale, range of motion (except lateral rotation), and grasping power for each group showed significant changes at baseline and six weeks after the intervention (p<.05). Significant differences were also evident between the two groups for these three measurements (p<.05). Conclusions: Nerve mobilization exercise & scapula postural correction exercise is more effective than scapula postural correction exercise for reducing pain intensity and increasing grasping power, scapular index and range of motion (except lateral rotation) in frozen shoulder syndrome patients.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.40-47
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• 2010

Purpose : To exam the effects of active ankle range of motion(ROM) exercise on sciatic nerve movement and provide the evidence that use it to patients with hypomobile sciatic nerve as a nerve mobilization technique. Methods : The subjects consist of 32 asymptomatic healthy adults(male; 15, female; 17) who have limited passive straight leg raising(PSLR) ranges below 70 degrees. First, examiner measures PSLR angles at three times. Then, subject was instructed perform the active ankle ROM exercise(dorsiflexion and plantarflextion) at limited angle. After each subject completed the active ankle ROM exercise, return the starting position and examiner measures the PSLR angles at three times again. Results : First, PSLR range was no significant differences between dominant and non-dominant leg(p >.05). Second, active ankle ROM exercise significantly increased PSLR range by mean of degrees(p <.05). Third, there was no learning effects among the measurement trials(p >.05). Conclusion : These data show that active ankle ROM exercise can mobilize the sciatic nerve. Therefore, it can be applied to patients with hypomobile sciatic nerve(sliding dysfunction) as a neural mobilization technique.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.517-525
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• 2022

Objective: The rehabilitation protocols for functional recovery have been emphasized after total knee arthroplasty, and Pilates is in the spotlight as a safe and easily modified exercise method. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of mat Pilates exercise on lower extremity function, postural balance, and walking in the individuals with total knee arthroplasty. Design: One group pretest-posttest design. Methods: Eighteen older women with unilateral total knee arthroplasty was recruited in the study. The subjects were evaluated on lower extremity function, postural balance, and walking before and after mat Pilates exercise. All subject performed one hour mat Pilates exercise, 3 times a week for 8 weeks. Mat Pilates exercises were focused on core stability and lower extremity strengthening and, more dynamic movements were added to increase the difficulty of movements every two weeks. The lower extremity function was measured using the Western Ontario and McMaster Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), knee joint position sense, and five times sit-to-stand test. Postural balance was assessed by single leg stance test, functional reach test, and timed up and go test. Walking was measured by OptoGait system to temporospatial parameter. Results: The lower extremity function, postural balance, and walking were significantly improved after mat Pilates exercise, except for five times sit-to-stand test (p<0.05). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the mat Pilates exercise was a useful method to improve lower extremity function, postural balance, and walking in the older women with unilateral total knee arthroplasty.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.210-214
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• 2016

Objective: The aim of this study was to measure the muscle architectural parameters of abdominal muscles in healthy individuals by rehabilitative ultrasound imaging (RUSI) and to investigate their changes after bridging exercise in various environments. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: The study included 40 healthy participants (19 men, 21 women). Subjects were randomly allocated to a stable surface group (SG, n=20) or an unstable surface group (UG, n=20). The participants assumed three positions in rest, bridging exercise with knee flexion $60^{\circ}$, and bridging exercise with knee flexion $90^{\circ}$ for the measurement of abdominal muscle thickness by RUSI. For the resting position, the participants held the head neutral in a hook-lying position and the dominant side was measured. For contraction, the participants performed the bridging exercise with the knee joint in $60^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$ of flexion for 10 seconds each. Results: For transversus abdominis, external oblique muscle thickness, within the stable surface group and the unstable surface group, no significant contraction difference was observed in both the $60^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$ bridge exercise conditions. Contraction difference of internal oblique muscle was significantly larger at $90^{\circ}$ than at $60^{\circ}$ within the SG (p<0.05). But within the UG, no significant contraction difference was shown. There was no significant contraction difference between the surface group and the unstable SG at $60^{\circ}$ condition and at $90^{\circ}$ condition in all measured muscles. Conclusions: The contraction difference is different for each muscle during bridge exercise with knee flexion $60^{\circ}$ and bridging exercise with knee flexion $90^{\circ}$. Muscle contraction difference is generally large when exercised on an unstable surface than a stable surface, but these are not statistically significant when bridging exercise is performed using dynamic air cushion for unstable surface.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.19-26
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• 2016

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of correction on posture parameters between a horse riding simulator exercise and a conventional exercise occurring in an open linear chain linking the head to the pelvis in the sagittal plane of young adults with a forward head posture. METHODS: In this study, 30 subjects were randomly divided into two groups of 15 subjects each, were assigned to the horse riding simulator exercise or the neck exercise group and they performed exercise 30 minutes per each round two times a week for six weeks. To determine the subjects' forward head posture, the three angles and three distances were measured. RESULTS: The forward head angle and head distance results showed a significant change between pre and post intervention in both group. The horizontal distance between acromion and tragus results showed a significant change between pre and post intervention in neck exercise group (CG), but no significant change in horse riding simulator exercise group (EG). The averages of each measured values of EG and CG before and after were compared, but there are no significant different between groups. CONCLUSION: Although the effects of the horse riding exercise were lower than those elicited by the neck exercise, the results demonstrated that the horse riding simulator exercise improved posture alignment for subjects with forward head posture. Therefore, the horse riding simulator exercise can constitute an appropriate alternative exercise for subjects with forward head posture.