• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.187-191
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of a muscle activity by applying the complex exercise method of sling in accordance with the provision of various vibration intensities for paraplegia-spinal cord injury. Method: The subjects of the study were 15 men in their 40s and 50s with lower limb disabilities and low potential risk, who were randomly divided into a sling exercise group (SG n=4), a sling with low frequency vibration group (SLVG n=4), a sling with mid-frequency vibration group (SMVG n=4), and a sling with high frequency group (SHVG n=4) in accordance with the provision of slings and vibration stimuli. The vibratory intensity provided was divided into low frequency (30 Hz), mid-frequency (50 Hz), and high frequency (70 Hz). The anterior deltoid (AD), the posterior deltoid (PD), the pectoralis major (PM), the upper trapezius (UT), the latissimus dorsi (LD), and the multifidus (MF) were measured to compare and analyze muscle activity. Results: The closed kinetic chain (CKC) exercise to the shoulder joint showed higher muscle activity in most muscles for the SMVG, and statistically significant differences in the anterior deltoid (AD), the pectoralis major (PM), and the multifidus (MF) in particular. Conclusion: The intermediate frequency (50 Hz) string vibration was the effective vibration stimuli for Closed kinetic chain (CKC) exercises.

• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.23-26
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• 2020

Active and therapeutic sport recovery is becoming a popular and important component in approving performance for pro and recreational athletes alike. It is also helping in the realm of injury prevention. In the search of finding modalities that are widely effective, natural, and safe, acupuncture is a viable and cost-effective treatment for helping athletes achieve this goal. More direct related research is needed, but testimonials from pro athletes and the body of research that currently exists provides powerful evidence on acupunctures ability to help with enhancing recovery. Specializing in acupuncture and exercise science, Chris integrates acupuncture into musculoskeletal rehabilitation therapy or fitness training for pain modulation, speedy recovery, and enhanced performance. Clients can choose to focus on one-on-one corrective exercise therapy, manual and massage therapy, or acupuncture. However, for best results, Chris recommends all three. Other modalities that he uses in therapy are acu-taping, herbal therapy, nutrition supplementation, cupping, guasha, and stretching techniques. The corrective exercise component is one-on-one body balancing management, focusing on strength and conditioning, post physical rehab - exercise therapy, integrative sport specific exercise, weight loss, core strengthening, dynamic lumbar stabilization, active recovery techniques, and myo-fascial release techniques. The acupuncture component focuses on sport injuries, myofascial pain, peripheral neuropathy, arthritis, facial rejuvenation, stress, smoking cessation, addiction detoxification program, weight management, sport recovery and performance.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.189-199
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• 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of combine exercise on the fall injury related index and myokine in elderly women. Sarcopenia leads to a loss of strength, alter on to a decreased functional status, impaired mobility, a higher risk of falls, and eventually an increased risk of mortality. Aerobic exercise characterized by rhythmic and repetitive movements of large muscles, for sustained periods that depends primarily on the use of oxygen to meet energy demands through aerobic metabolism, and that is structured and intended to generate improvements in cardiopulmonary fitness, body composition, and cardiorespiratory health. Resistance training has performance in the elderly. As combined exercise therapy can be used to enhance muscle functions and cardiopulmonary functions, it is being highlighted as an effective health management methods for the aged. The myokine has been regarded an important factor of exercise how muscle communicate adipose tissue, bone and muscle to exert beneficial effects at the whole body level.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.33-40
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• 2008

Background: The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of resistance exercise on static and dynamic proprioception by applying elastic bands to the knee flexor, which can be performed earlier than proprioception, a weight bearing pattern. Proprioceptive training may be applied to the early period of recuperation training along with resistance exercise to prevent damage to the knees and the joints in the lower body, as well as the reoccurrence of injury, which is expected to improve the effect of static and dynamic proprioceptive training. Methods: The subjects of this study were 32 men and women in their 20s who volunteered to participate in the experiment which was carried out over the course of 6 weeks from March 14 to April 24 at K Hospital located in Yongin City. They were tested in two groups: the elastic band resistance exercise group (RE: Resistance Excercise Group, n＝17) and the joint motion range exercise group(ROM: Range of Motion Group, n＝15). In this experiment, static and dynamic proprioceptive tests were given to both groups before and after the test. In this study, SPSS Win ver.12.0 was utilized to perform a T-test on the independent samples in order to validate the identical features of subjects in the RE and ROM Group and substantiate the significance as to the difference between both groups before and after the test. Also, a paired T-test was conducted to compare the static and dynamic proprioception of both groups before and after the test. The statistical significance levels were ${\alpha}$＝.05. Results: 1.The static proprioception in both groups, RE and ROM, increased in a statistically significant way after the test(p<.05). 2.The static propriocetion of the RE group increased in a statistically significant way after the test(p<.05). However, the increase of the static proprioception in the ROM group was not statistically significant. 3.Static and dynamic proprioception of the RE group increased significantly more than that of the ROM group after the test(p<.05). Conclusion: The resistance exercise using elastic bands improved the static and dynamic proprioception more than the joint motion range exercise did, reducing the risk of injury by enhancing the location sense of the joints and the sense of motion and shortening the period of recovery from injury. The outcome of the experiment may provide basic data for developing an effective way to reduce the risk of injury among ordinary people and athletes.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.16-32
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• 2024

Background: Exercise equipments and assistive devices for the disabled are being developed, but improvements for usability are still needed. The purpose of this study was to improve and utilize the developed exercise equipment and assistance devices by conducting usability test for people with spinal cord injury. Design: Cross-sectional Study. Methods: Scenarios and usability indicators were derived by conducting a preliminary usability test, 5 non-disabled men and women aged 19 or older. In the scenario, a total of 9 tasks were sequentially performed, including 2 tasks of entry and exit, 5 tasks of assistance devices and weight stack adjustment, and 2 tasks of pre exercise and exercise. The usability indicators were task success (success or fail), execution time (sec), safety, and convenience. For safety, 7 questions (Likert scale, 1~5 point) related to safety, stability and hazard were derived, and for convenience, the system usability scale (SUS score) was used (range: 0~100, 50 percentile rank is 68 point). Results: As a result of the usability test of people with spinal cord injury, there was a large variation among subjects in the task of adjusting the position of the pulley and support in the execution time (11.64~25.44 seconds), and one person failed to adjust the pulley. The safety level showed a lower score (score = 3 points) than other items in the item of entrapment or skin pressure, and in the case of SUS, the average score was 64.5 points, which was close to the acceptable level. Conclusion: Through the usability test, it was confirmed that exercise equipment for the disabled needs improvement in operability, pinching, and pressure, and that it is necessary to develop an assistive device that provides unrestrained posture information (biofeedback) to maintain correct posture during exercise.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.57-71
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• 2002

Cervical pain is a rapid increase that is owing to a flexion-extension whiplash injury, unappropriated posture, chronical repetition injury from abdominal position of head and neck, excessive repeating work, chronical deficiency of excercise. Because of that is bring about muscle unbalance, tightness of cervical extensor muscle, weakness of cervical deep flexor muscles, instability of cervical region and reduction of proprioceptive sensor. Recent the role of muscle is more emphasized for preservation of sine stabilization. And cognition of integrated muscular system, importance for the operation and relation is increased to maintain stability of the motor system and pertinent function. Therefore we are going to introduce the sling exercise and stabilization exercise method for advanced efficient of cervical and upper limb and for the muscle strengthening to importance cervical stabilization through neurological program as control the reaction of cervical stabilization. Sling exercise therapy(SET) concept consists of a system of diagnosis and treatment. The system of diagnosis involves testing the muscle's tolerance through progressive loading in open and close kinetic chains. The SET system contains elements such as relaxation, increasing the range of movement, traction, training the stabilizing musculature, sensory-motor exercises, training in open and close kinetic chains, dynamic training of the mobilizing musculature, cardiovascular exercise, group exercise, personal exercise at home Sensory-motor training is an essential element of the SET concept. The emphasis is on closed kinetic chain exercise on an unstable surface, there by achieving optimum stimulation of the sensory-motor apparatus.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.18-26
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• 2004

The effect of Panax ginseng administration in muscle inflammatory process induced after eccentric exercise, that causes myofibrillar disruption, was studied. Changes in lipid peroxidation, inflammation, glycogen levels in muscle and release of myocellular proteins to blood were measured. The analyses were performed immediately after eccentric exercise and over week since this period are necessary for the muscle damage-repair cycle. The ginseng extract (100 mg kg$^{-1}$ ) was orally administered to rats for three months, before the eccentric exercise performance. The results showed the protective role of ginseng against skeletal muscle damage. This effect could be associated with their membrane stabilising capacity since creatine kinase (CK) activity was significantly decreased 96 h post-exercise from 523$\pm$70 to 381$\pm$53 and 120 h post-exercise from 443$\pm$85 to 327$\pm$75 in treated animals. $\beta$-glucuronidase activity, as indicator of inflammation, showed a significant reduction of about 15-25% in soleus, vastus and triceps in these post-exercise times. The lipid peroxidation, measured by malondyaldehyde levels, was significantly decreased in the 24 h post-exercise period in soleus and vastus intermedius muscles and on the recovery period. Finally ginseng administration reduced significantly the decrease of the glycogen levels immediately after exercise and when the regenerative process took place (72-168 h post exercise). Collectively, the results have showed that ginseng did not inhibit the vital inflammatory response process associated with the muscle damage-repair cycle but presumably ameliorate the injury.

• BMB Reports
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• v.55 no.10
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• pp.512-517
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• 2022

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is brain damage which is caused by the impact of external mechanical forces. TBI can lead to the temporary or permanent impairment of physical and cognitive abilities, resulting in abnormal behavior. We recently observed that a single session of early exercise in animals with TBI improved their behavioral performance in the absence of other cognitive abnormalities. In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of continuous exercise during the early stages of TBI in rats. We found that continuous low-intensity exercise in early-stage improves the locomotion recovery in the TBI of animal models; however, it does not significantly enhance short-term memory capabilities. Moreover, continuous early exercise not only reduces the protein expression of cerebral damage-related markers, such as Glial Fibrillary Acid Protein (GFAP), Neuron-Specific Enolase (NSE), S100β, Protein Gene Products 9.5 (PGP9.5), and Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70), but it also decreases the expression of apoptosis-related protein BAX and cleaved caspase 3. Furthermore, exercise training in animals with TBI decreases the microglia activation and the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the serum, such as CCL20, IL-13, IL-1α, and IL-1β. These findings thus demonstrate that early exercise therapy for TBI may be an effective strategy in improving physiological function, and that serum protein levels are useful biomarkers for the predicition of the effectiveness of early exercise therapy.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2021.07a
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• pp.311-312
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• 2021

본 연구는 실내외 자전거 운동 시 빈번히 발생하고 있는 무릎상해를 예방하기 위해 자전거 운동을 실시할 때 올바른 자세를 유지 할 수 있도록 도와주는 보호 장비 개발 내용이다. 자전거 운동 시 발생할 수 있는 손상을 예방하기 위해서는 안장의 높이, 좌우 무릎사이의 간격, 무릎 각도가 안전한 각도 범위내에 있어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 무릎의 올바른 정렬을 유지한 채 운동을 지속할 수 있도록 센서부와 제어기로 구성되는 것을 특징으로 한다. 센서부는 가속도 센서, 자이로 센서, 속도감지 센서로 구성하여 자전거 운동 시 정상적인 무릎정렬과 비교하여 올바르지 못한 정렬 상태에서 운동 시 즉시 피드백하여 자세를 수정할 수 있도록 유도해 무릎의 상해를 예방하는 실내외 자전거 이용 시 운동 상해를 예방하기 위한 무릎 보호대를 개발하고자 한다.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2010

This study aimed to compare 2 protocols recommended to patients with chronic cervical cord injury: each protocol included breathing exercises (inhalation-oriented or exhalation-oriented) and facilitation maneuver for the accessory respiratory muscles. Seventeen patients with chronic cervical cord injury volunteered to participate in this study, and we randomized these patients into 2 groups: the inhalation-oriented breathing exercise group (IOBEG) and exhalation-oriented breathing exercise group (EOBEG), consisting of 8 and 9 patients, respectively. Patients in the IOBEG performed inspiratory exercises using intermittent positive pressure breathing devices, while those in the EOBEG performed expiratory exercises using incentive spirometry. All exercises were performed by the subjects twice a day for 4 weeks, with each session lasting an average of 20 min. The outcomes were assessed on the basis of the pre- and post-treatment values of vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and FEV1/FVC. In the IOBEG, no significant differences were observed between the pre- and post-treatment values of any of the measured variables (p>.05); however, in the EOBEG, significant improvement was noted in the VC, FVC, FEV1 measured (p<.05) after the treatment. In addition, the rates of change in the values of VC, FVC, and FEV1 differed significantly between the 2 groups (p<.05). These findings suggest that the EOBEs can enhance respiratory function and are clinically feasible in patients with chronic cervical cord injury. Further studies will be undertaken to evaluate the clinical application of these findings.