• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.102-106
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• 2013

■ Objectives The purpose of the this study was to investigate organization change(pennation angle) of lower extremity muscle in elderly with knee osteoarthritis through ultrasonic image. Also, we examined organizational change of muscle was by influenced after total knee replacement(TKR). ■ Methods Rectus femoris image was taken at 50% of the distance between the anterior superior iliac spine and the superior border of the patella. Vastus medialis image was taken at the most distal insertion level of vastus medialis on the medial border of the patella. measurements included the most distal insertion level of the vastus medialis on the medial border of the patella. ■ Results Change of pennation angle in rectus femoris showed decrease from 5.11° in preoperation to 4.29° in 1 week after operation. Change of pennation angle in vastus medialis showed decrease from 6.94° in preoperation to 5.76° in 1 week after operation. ■ Conclusion We consider decrease of pennation angle after total knee replacement in this study was casued by organizational change of muscle and this pennation angle was influenced force created by muscle. Therefore, we thinks that this pennation angle through ultrasonic image will be available to plane individual muscle exercise program and to confirm muscle mass by muscle strength training.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.26-35
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• 2009

This study is an analysis of the design changes of children's play facilities and the related rules and regulations which causes these changes. Accordingly, it is noticed that a site's change of design by legislation and by yearly alternation influences playground design. First, after revising the provisions for the distance from roads and parking lots, the constructing of safety fences between play facilities and the using of durable materials, alterations of the designs have been made a reality. Second, the design changes after the period of regulation transitions were caused by provisions related to the shelter of evergreens and conditions of the sun. Third, the changes of the playgrounds were related to the substitution of exercise facilities for the local residents and in carrying out a hygiene exam more than twice a year. Because a lack of regulatory standards for the design of playgrounds resulted in compliance based on individual interpretation and because a substitution of exercise facilities is part of the way to alleviate these regulations, the conditions of the site under investigation could be projeced. By such changes of regulations and analysis of alterations of playground design, programs for improvement were suggested. It turned out that the composition of the concrete standard in conformity with regulations required closer observance. Moreover, design standards for children's playgrounds are needed, such as the provision of variation in external appearance, the creation of more flexible layouts and the outlining of spaces by themes.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.114-128
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• 2002

In order to provide information for the establishment and maintenance of a rehabilitation day care center for stroke patients. this study is to assess needs for the rehabilitation day care center of the stroke patients and to identify the factors influencing the needs for the center. The data were collected face-to-face interview with 223 stroke patients. using a structured questionnaire. from September 24. 2001 to November 20. 2001. Major findings are as follows. 1. Most of the participants($94.6\%$) needed rehabilitation day care center for stroke patients. $95.5\%$ of participants were willing to use the rehabilitation day care center. 2. Also the score of the needs for the center's health services was $2.84\pm60$ out of 4.00. In regards to the sub-contents. while the physical exercise therapy showed the highest mark($3.54\pm71$) in the needs. the following marks showed physical therapy($3.48\pm79$), training for the memory. thinking and judgment($3.30\pm93$). training for ADL($3.09\pm99$). health education program($3.04\pm93$). In the meantime. the expected effects from the use of the center are $2.89\pm61$ out of 4 and its sub-contents showed that the center would promote their physical and mental well-being($3.30\pm74$) and the center would be more effective than in home care($3.12\pm70$). 3. Meanwhile. the desired frequency of use in the future and distance had significant interrelation with their families living together(p<.05). In addition those who paid to use it differentiated significantly according to their ages and the types of insurance they had(p<.05). 4. The needs in degrees of speech disorder therapy and hobbies & amusements. the patients with other disease had significantly higher degrees than those patients without it (p<.05). Also in regard to the need degrees for physical therapy. healthy education programs and individual counseling including their families. the degrees of the patients with speech disorders were significantly lower than those of the patients without the disorder (p<.05). On the other hand. the patients with speech disorders were significantly higher than those patients without it in the need degree of the speech disorder therapy (p=.000). And the needs in degree concerning about speech disorder therapy. physical exercise therapy. training for ADL. medicinal substances therapy and family education were negatively correlated with the ADL (r=-.236$\sim$.305, (p<.005). 5. Finally. the expected effect of using the rehabilitation day care center showed significant differences statistically according to whether or not they had other disease (p<.05). In conclusion. the study showed the stroke patients were willing to use the center and had a high requirements for it and they especially had relatively high need degrees for the physical exercise therapy. physical therapy. training for memory. thinking and judgment. and healthy education program. And significant factors for the use of the center were their ages. types of insurance. family cohabitation. complications and speech disorders. ADL and so forth. Accordingly. the rehabilitation day care center needs to be established for the stroke patients and the center should develop rehabilitation care programs. which are individual and special programs customized for each patient's characteristics and health conditions.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.59-70
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• 2009

The purpose of the study is to suggest the amount of space for each behavior according to the classification of behavior in the housing to plan the optimal floor space of the elderly housing. The method for calculating space for behavior begins with classifying behaviors, identifying them and then taking pictures of the model of elderly people who reproduce each behavior. Based on the pictures, body parts which are necessary for each behavior are assembled and the formula for behavioral space is created. The space for behavior is produced considering the body dimensions of Korean elderly in their sixty's as well as the furniture size and the psychological distance between people. 3D modeling is used to verify the result. Human behaviors can be classified into individual-related, housework-related, family-related, reception-related and other behaviors. These five behaviors are subdivided into more specific behaviors. The area for each specific behavior is calculated with the anthropometric data of the elderly, preferred furniture dimension and psychological area. As a result the required area for specific behaviors is as follows: the behavior of sleeping in a bed needs $4.3m^2$; the behavior of changing clothes on a chair, $1.7m^2$; the behavior of watching TV on the floor $1.3m^2$, the behavior of working and reading using a desk, $2.1m^2$, the behavior of exercise, $2.5m^2$; the behavior of showering on a chair, $1.3m^2$ and showering using a wheelchair, $1.9m^2$; the behavior of toileting using a wheelchair, $2.3m^2$; the behavior of washing up using a wheelchair, $1.9m^2$; the behavior of eating using a table for four persons, $4.4m^2$; the behavior of cooking and washing dishes, $0.9m^2$ per counter-top; the behavior of washing clothes using a washing machine, $0.9m^2$; the behavior of ironing on the floor $1.4m^2$; the behavior of reception(three persons) on the floor considering personal space, $4.0m^2$; the behavior of taking on and off shoes on a chair, $1.3m^2$. The result of the study is utilized as quantitative data to calculate optimal floor space for elderly housing. In addition, qualitative data such as characteristics of housing preference, spacial usage and storage capacity are necessary to produce the floor space which can provide convenient and safe living environment.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.35-39
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• 2008

A computer supported collaborative system provides with a shared virtual workspace over the Internet where its remote users cooperate in order to achieve their goals by overcoming problems caused by distance and time. VRMMS (Virtual Reality Molecular Modeling System) [1] is a VR based collaborative system where biologists can remotely participate in and exercise molecular modeling tasks such as viewing three dimensional structures of molecular models, confirming results of molecular simulations and providing with feedbacks for the next simulations. Biologists can utilize VRMMS in executing molecular simulations. However, first-time users and beginners need to spend some time for studying and practicing in order to skillfully manipulate molecular models and the system. The best way to resolve the problem is to have a face-to-face session of teaching and learning VRMMS. However, it is not practically recommended in the sense that the users are remotely located. It follows that the learning time could last longer than desired. In this paper, we propose to use Second Life [2] combining with VRMMS for removing the problem. It can be used in building a shared workplace over the Internet where molecular simulations using VRMMS can be exercised, taught, learned and practiced. Through the web, users can collaborate with each other using VRMMS. Their avatars and tools of molecular simulations can be remotely utilized in order to provide with senses of 'being there' to the remote users. The users can discuss, teach and learn over the Internet. The shared workspaces for discussion and education are designed and implemented in Second Life. Since the activities in Second Life and VRMMS are designed to realistic, the system is expected to help users in improving their learning and experimental performances.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.76 no.5
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• pp.226-232
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• 2014

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by airflow limitation and results from environmental factors and genetic factors. Although cigarette smoking is a major risk factor, other environmental exposures can influence COPD. The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical characteristics of COPD according to the history of environmental exposure. Methods: The study population comprised of 347 subjects with COPD who were recruited from the pulmonary clinics of 14 hospitals within the Korean Obstructive Lung Disease Study Group. We classified environmental exposures according to history of living near factory, and direct exposure history to firewood or briquette. According to living environmental exposures, we compared the frequency of respiratory symptoms, pulmonary function, quality of life, exercise capacity, and computed tomography phenotypes. Results: Thirty-one subjects (8.9%) had history of living near factory, 271 (78.3%) had exposure history to briquette, and 184 (53.3%) had exposure history to firewood. Patients with history of living near a factory had a significantly longer duration of sputum, while patients with exposure to firewood tended to have lower forced expiratory volume in one second, and patients with exposure to briquette tended to have lower six minute walk distance. Conclusion: COPD subjects with the history of living near factory had more frequent respiratory symptoms such as sputum. Our data suggest that environmental exposure may influence clinical phenotype of COPD.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.32-35
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• 2013

Six English Bull dogs from the same dog training camp were referred with main complaints of stridor, gagging and coughing. Diagnostic imaging studies on these dogs revealed hypoplastic trachea with/without bronchopneumonia. The mean age of affected dogs was $4.83{\pm}2.63$ months, while the mean body weight was $9.03{\pm}5.30$ kg. The mean ratio of the tracheal diameter to the thoracic inlet distance (TD/TI) was $0.085{\pm}0.022$ (normally 0.16 or greater), whereas the mean ratio tracheal diameter to the width of the third rib (TD/W3R) was $1.36{\pm}0.36$ (normally 2 or greater). All dogs had marked inspiratory dyspnea with variable degree of coughing. Of 6 dogs, 4 dogs had either bronchitis or bronchopneumonia. Treatment with antibiotics and bronchodilators made improvement on clinical signs on these dogs. Although some dogs still had mild inspiratory dyspnea (especially after exercise or excitement), most dogs live normally.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.91-96
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• 1999

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to compare the clinical and radiologic results of the anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) reconstruction using bone-patellar tendon-bone unit with doubled semitendinosus and gracilis tendons. Materias and Methods : Clinical results of ACL reconstructions which were performed in 47 patients using doubled semitendinosus and gracilis were compared with those performed in 45 patients using bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft. There were no differences in preoperative parameters(age, sex, instability). Average follow-up period were 17 months and 19 months each. Results : There were no significant differences between two groups in functional results (Lysholm knee score), degree of laxity and range of motion at final follow-up. However, the parapatellar complication, especially anterior knee pain after long distance walking or exercise and quadriceps weakness less occurred in hamstring tendon group than in bone-patellar tendon-bone group. Conclusion : Although there were no significant differences in clinical results of ACL reconstruction using bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft and doubled semitendinosus and gacilis, parapateller complications occurred more in the bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft group than in the doubled semitendinosus and gracilis group. It is thought that the careful selection of patient, achivement of skillful technique and active rehabilitation are important to prevent the parapatellar complications.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.87-106
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• 1994

Owing to the use of many cultural facilities, the elevation of life standards and the high level progress of industry, visual impairment was on increasing trends. Especially due to studying for many hours, the myopia of adolescents became a serious social issue. The purpose of this study was to understand adolescent's wearing glasses and eyesight condition, whether the primary myopia factor and the subjective symptoms were different between the myopia group and the normal group, between the wearing glasses group and the non-wearing glasses group, and the effect on physical, mental and study activity of myopia. The subject of investigation was 627 middle school students in Seoul and the investigation was accomplished from July 7th, 1993 to July 12th, 1993. The data were analyzed by the percentage, x²-test, t-test and ANOVA of SPSS. The results were as followed; 1. The rate of the right and left eyesights higher than 0.8 in the normal group was 47.0%, and those less than 0.7 in the myopia group was 53.0%. In the boy students, the normal group was 54.1%, the myopia group was 45.9%. In the girl students, the normal group was 39.2%, the myopia group was 60.8%. Therefore the girl students' myopia rates were higher than the boy students', and this result was significant(p<0.01). 2. The rate of wearing glasses of the middle school students was 44.6%. The rate of wearing glasses of the girl students was 56.8%. The rate of wearing glasses of the girl students was higher than that of the boy students 43.2%. The rate of necessary glasses of the middle school students was 6.1% and the rate of necessary glasses of the boy students was 7.9%, the rate of necessary glasses of the girl students was 4.1%. 3. In case of a family member of the student wear glasses, the rate of wearing glasses was higher. 4. In the myopia group, the main reason for not wearing glasses was "Uncomfortable"(63.3% in the boy students, 40% in the girl students). In case of the girl students, "Nonpermission of their parents" was 18.7% and remarkably higher than 5.1% in case of the boy students. 5. The factor of myopia was that "The bad attitude of watching TV closely" was 19.9%, that "The dimly-lit room" was 6.6%. 6. In order to protect eyesight, the rate of the students who practiced "Looking at something from afar 3∼4times a day" was 37.3%, the rate of the students who did "Eye exercise" was 17.5%, the rate of the students who took "A medicine for promoting nutrition" was 12.9%. The rate of taking the medicine was higher than 3.5% in the normal eyesight group. 7. After near working, the point of subjective symptoms was higher in the myopia group than in the normal group and in the wearing glasses group than in the unwearing group and in the girl students than in the boy students. 8. The longer time to watch TV, the higher point of subjective symptoms. The longer distance to watch TV, the lower point of subjective symptoms(p<0.05).

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.799-807
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• 2016

The objective of research was to explore the effects of Kinesic taping treatment on Kayaker's athletic performance and muscle fatigue variable. In order to accomplish such study objective, this study employed 8 ordinary university students and 8 university kayaker's as study subjects. The athletic performance records and blood lactate were analyzed before and after Kinesic taping treatment (KTT). Kinesic taping treatment was applied to the regions of agonist such as vastus medialis muscle, Latissimus dorsi muscle, Trapezius muscle, Biceps brachii muscle, and Triceps brachii muscle, which are major muscles for Kayaker's. Records for rest heart rate, athletic performance and blood lactate were measured upon 200m and 500m distance exercise using kayak ergometer. Data were analyzed by SPSS 19.0 using paired t-test and one-way repeated ANOVA at significant level of a = .05. First, performance records of 200m paddling kayak showed that the ordinary university students had a mean score of 60.13 second before and 58.75 second after kinesic taping treatment. University kayakers had a mean score of 58.75 second before and 53.0 second after kinesic taping treatment. Both groups had significant differences between before and after KTT in the athletic performance. In addition, levels of blood lactate showed that the ordinary university students had a mean score of 5.89mM before and 8.90mM after KTT and university kayaker's had a mean score of 5.79mM before and 8.48mM after KTT. The ANOVA showed that the level of ordinary university students' blood lactate was significantly higher than university kayakers only after KTT. Second, performance records of 500m paddling kayak showed that the ordinary university students had a mean score of 2.90 minute before and 2.77 minute after KTT and university kayaker's had a mean score of 2.30 minute before and 2.20 minute after KTT. Both groups had significant differences between before and after KTT in the athletic performance. Moreover, only university kayaker's had a significantly higher performance record than the counterpart. Levels of blood lactate showed that the ordinary university students had a mean score of 7.71mM before and 8.85mM after KTT and university kayakers had a mean score of 8.09mM before and 8.45mM after KTT. However, such a level of increase had no significant difference between the groups