• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 1999.10c
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• pp.162-168
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• 1999

This study was performed to analyze dealinization effects on gypsum treatments in reclaimed tidelands and to obtain the basci data for developing prediction techniques f desalinization to be applicable in the begining of tideland reclamation. In this study , the reclamation experiments with 4 treatments were conducted through the leachig method, using the samples of silt soil and silt loam soil collected in 5 units of tideland reclamation projects. The electrical conductivity , exchangeable sodium percentage and hydraulic conductivity were analyzed in order to investigate the effects of desalinizatino for reclaiming the tidelands with high salt concentration.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.147-154
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• 1999

This study was carried out to obtain reasonable management method of salt-affected soil for ecological restoration in the reclaimed land. Chemical properties of reclaimed soil was investigated base on reclamation years. Ionic acitivity in soil and satruration extract were analyzed to estimate the effect of salt interception by planting ground treatment. The soil porperties of reclaimed land was saline-sodic soil with $11.3dSm^{-1}$ of electrical conductivity, 34.8% of exchangeable sodium percent in first reclamation year. Electrical conductivity, exchangeable sodium and exchangeable chlorine were remarkedly decreased during six years after reclamation but chemical properties of reclaimed soil was unsuitable status for tree growth. Exchangeable sodium perecnt was higher in the neighborhood parks and street tree sites than in the buffer green spaces and was higher in subsoil than in topsoil of profile in all sites. Content of soduim, chloride and sulfate in saturation extract were more than other ions. Content of soduim and chloride were higher in the neighborhood parks and street tree sites than in the buffer green spaces and were higher in subsoil than in topsoil. Content of calcium plus magnesium of soil was higher in the buffer green space than in the neighborhood park and street tree but content of calcium and magnesium in saturation extract were higher, as result from exchangeable sodium, in the neighborhood parks and street tree sites than in the buffer green spaces. Concentration of salt in soil showed the difference with mounding height and planting ground treatment. The lowest concentration of salt appeared in buffer green spaces and street tree sites was the highest. Salt interception by mounding height in the same planting ground treatment was more effective 120cm of mounding height than 70cm of mounding height.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.231-241
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• 2012

Farming using natural salts for supply of nutrients to crops is increasing recently. It is necessary to evaluate the salt accumulation in soil and the effects on crop growth by treatment of natural salt. This study was conducted at the organic cultivation fields which garlics were planted. The treatments were no natural salts (control) and plots applied 100~600 $kg\;ha^{-1}$ with natural salts. Soil samples were taken from the 0 to 25 cm depth at 12 and 107 day (harvest time) after natural salts application. The results showed that electrical conductivity (EC), exchangeable Na (Exch.$-Na^+$) and Cl- were increased by application of natural salts. But, pH and exchangeable cations ($K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$ and $Mg^{2+}$) had not significantly differences among treatments. In 300 $kg\;ha^{-1}$ plots of natural salt, the level of EC, Exch.$-Na^+$ and $Cl^-$ in top soil (0-5 cm) was were increased more 0.3, 3.7, and 12.7 times than control plot, respectively. EC, Exch.$-Na^+$, and $Cl^-$ were highest in the top 5 cm of soil and decreased with depth at 12 days after natural salts application, but were decreased in the plower layer (0-15cm) at the harvest time because they were leached with natural rain. An increasing the application level of natural salt resulted in increasing of sodium adsorption ratio, exchangeable sodium percentage, and percentage of soil dispersion. The concentration of nutrient uptake such as total nitrogen (T-N), chloride (Cl) in garlic had significant difference between control and plots applied with natural salts The content of T-N of garlic in plots with natural salt application was lower than control plot, but Cl is higher than control plot.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.67-73
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• 2009

Chemical properties of soil in the proposed horticultural complexes of Saemangeun reclaimed tideland were studied for sustainable development of the newly reclaimed land resources. The soil texture of Gwanghwal, Gyehwa, Mangyeong and Okgu complex area were sandy loam. The pH and ESP (exchangeable sodium percentage) were 7.42 to 7.82 and 61.05 to 73.62 %, respectively. Compared to general agricultural land in Korea, the soil organic matter and other plant nutrients were low. The concentrations of heavy metals in the soil were found to be acceptable except several sites where they doesn't meet the warning standard of agricultural land contamination. Continuous monitoring and interception of external pollutants are suggested for water-soil-plant system conservation.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.89-95
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• 1999

본 연구는 임해매립지에서 토양의 화학적 특성을 조사하여 수목식재를 위한 합리적인 토양관리에 관한 자료를 얻고자 수행하였다. 토양조사는 시화매립지의 시흥공단에서 녹지조성 예정지를 중심으로 토지이용별 및 토심별로 실시되었다. 조사지역에서 개흙은 전기전도도와 치환성나트륨 백분율이 높은 염류알칼리성 토양 특징을 갖고있었다. 임해매립지에서 토양 pH 평균값은 7.8~5.7범위이었고, 주거/공단 완충녹지 토양에서 전기전도도와 치환성나트륨 백분율은 각각 3.76Sm-1와 35%로 조사지역 중에 가장 높았다. 토양 50cm 깊이에서 치환성 Na+의 평균함량은 1.76~2.80cmol+/kg으로 조사되었고, 치환성 Na+의 평균함량은 치환성 Ca2+보다는 낮았으나 치환성 Mg2+과 K+보다는 높았다. 토심별 염분농도는 50cm보다 100cm 깊이에서 높게 조사되었으며, 주거/공단 완충녹지는 전토심에서 염분농도가 수목에 영향을 주기에 충분할 정도로 높았다.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.37-49
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• 2001

This study was performed in order to produce the basic data for developing prediction techniques of desalinization to be applicable to reclaimed tidal lands at the beginning stage. the desalinization experiments were carried out by two water management practices, namely, the leaching method by subsurface drainage and the rinsing method by surface drainage. The 5 soil samples used in this study were collected in 4 tidal land reclamation projects. Regression equations were obtained in order to investigate the changes of electrical conductivity during the desalinization of reclaimed tidal lands and to estimate water requirements for desalinization. The results obtained from this study were summarized as follows: 1. According to USDA Salinity Laboratory classification system of salt affected soils the reclaimed tidal land soils used in this study were saline-sodic soils with the high electrical conductivity and the high exchangeable sodium percentage. 2. With the increase of the water requirements for desalinization the electrical conductivity was decreased with high degree of correlationships and the desalinization effects were remakable in both the leaching method and the rinsing method. 3. In case of the leaching method the electrical conductivity had been reduced below the classification value of salt affected soils when the depth o water leached per unit depth of soil (Dwl/Ds) was 0.3 and the desalinization effects showed a tendency to be much the same in each treatment.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.137-145
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• 1984

Tests for the physical and chemical properties on the dispersive soils from the 3 selected sites in the northeast region of Thailand were carried out in the field and laboratory. In oder to find out the relationship between c1ay contents and dispersivity of the soil, some specimens are artificially mixed with a certain amount of clay in the laboratory and tested by means of pinhole tests. The artificial soils are dispersed in pinhole tests regardless of their clay contents. Chemical properties on the soil saturation extract and reservoir water are also determined by means of sodium adsorption ratio (SA,R), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) and pH. The dispersive soils in the region have ranges of 1.8~6.7 SAR, 1.4~7.9 ESP and 5.4~9.0 pH value. Namely, the dispersive soils studied have somewhat higher SAR, ESP and pH value than those of ordinary soil.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.140-145
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• 1999

Livestock manure is generally beneficial to soil and crop production when appropriate amount is applied, but excessive application may be detrimental to soil and water environments. A proper protocol of livestock waste treatment is required to manage the quality of soil and water. A trickling filter system using rice straw media was employed to treat piggery wastewater from small-scaled livestock farms as an alternative to the currently available methods. Batches of piggery wastewater were treated with this system, and the byproducts of rice straw media and trickling filtrate were applied to the soil with cultivating rye (Secale cereale L.). Objective of this research was to characterize these byproducts for the sustainable soil amendments and rye production. Both the treated straw medium and filtrate were proven to be effective organic fertilizers for rye plant development, with the enhanced but balanced absorption of nutrients. The synergistic effects of filtrate in addition to straw application did not show, but the filtrate appeared to lead to a higher water content of the plant. No specific nutrient deficiency or toxicity symptom was shown due to the salts derived from the byproducts applied. Chemical parameters of the soil quality were significantly improved with the application of straw medium either with or without the filtrate. Judging from parameters relating to the salt accumulations, such as sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), electrical conductivity (EC), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), potassium adsorption ratio (KAR), and residual P concentrations, the byproducts from piggery wastewater exhibited no detrimental effects on soil quality within the ranges of treatments used. In addition to the effectiveness of the rice straw trickling filter system for the small-scaled swine farms, both rice straw medium and filtrate could be recycled for the sustainable soil amendment and plant nutrition.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.226-233
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• 1997

To investigate the salt accumulation in the plastic film house soils, bulk density, electrical conductivity(EC), exchangeable canons and water soluble anions were determined at different depths(0~60cm) in the salt-accumulated plastic film house soils in Yesan, Chungnam, Korea. Bulk density were increased from $1.2Mg/m^3$ to $1.5Mg/m^3$ as the depth changed from 0cm(top soil) to 30cm(subsoil) below the soil surface, whereas the bulk densities between 30cm to 60cm slightly decreased to $1.42Mg/m^3$. These changes of soil bulk densities might influence the porosity and pore size distribution, resulting in affecting the water flow throughout, soil layers. Electrical conductivity and Exchangeable sodium percentage(ESP) for 0 to 10cm soil layer were 5.08 dS/m and 6.4, respectively, while the EC was decreased to less than 1.63 dS/m in 20~30cm depth and about 0.7 dS/m. Salt accumulation patterns in the plastic film house soils might be influenced by the changes of the bulk densities in soil.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.682-688
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• 2016

Food waste has recognized one of useful sources for potentially agricultural application to supply organic matter and nutrients in arable soil. However, there was little information on application of food waste compost related to the maturity and NaCl content in arable soil. This study evaluated the effect of food waste compost application on yield and fertility in soil under flooding and upland condition. The yields in rice and pepper cultivation decreased with increasing the rate of food waste compost application in soil (p<0.05). Maximum yields of rice ($49.0g\;plant^{-1}$) and pepper ($204g\;plant^{-1}$) were shown at 10 and $30Mg\;ha^{-1}$ of food waste compost application, respectively. The N, P, and K contents in grain and plant residues increased by the application of food waste compost, there was no difference on Na/K ratio in plant tissue among the treatments. Application of food waste compost resulted in the increase of pH, EC, TC, available P contents in soil after crop harvest, especially, which was shown the increase of the CEC and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) contents in irrespective of water condition. In conclusion, application of food waste compost in soil was effective on the supply of the organic matter and nutrient. However, it might need caution to apply food waste compost for sustainable productivity in arable soil because of potential Na accumulation.