• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.84-93
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• 2010

This study was carried out to analyze the vegetation properties, soil characteristics and ordination of Leontice microrhyncha population in South Korea. The Leontice microrhyncha population was classified into Quercus mongolica dominant population, Morus bombycis dominant population, Fraxinus mandshurica population and Leontice microrhyncha typical dominant. The Leontice microrhyncha population was located at an elevation of 633m to 1,336m in Korea. In the study sites, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphate, exchangeable potassium, exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium, cation exchange capacity and soil pH were 8.40~10.58%, 0.42~0.61%, 14.15~25.07mg/kg, 0.44~0.59cmol$^+$/kg, 2.35~6.33cmol$^+$/kg, 0.35~0.98cmol$^+$/kg, 26.04~33.48cmol$^+$/kg and 4.69~5.32 respectively. Morus bombycis dominant population was found in the low elevation and gentle sloped area that has high percentage of phosphoric acid and less percentage of total nitrogen, exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium than other dominant population. Fraxinus mandshurica dominant population and Leontice microrhyncha typical population were found in the comparatively high elevation area that has low percentage of phosphoric acid and high percentage of total nitrogen, exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium. Quercus mongolica dominant population was found in the medium elevation area that has medium percentage of total nitrogen, exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.308-312
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• 2013

The monitoring of chemical dynamic changes in controlled horticultural lands is very important for agricultural sustainability. Field monitoring was performed to evaluate the soil chemical properties of 200 controlled horticultural soil samples in Gyeongnam province every 4 years from 2000 to 2012. Soil chemical properties such as pH, amount of organic matter, available phosphate, nitrate nitrogen, and exchangeable potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sodium were analyzed. The amount of exchangeable calcium and soil pH were significantly higher in 2012 than in 2000. In 2012, the frequency distribution for values of pH, organic matter, available phosphate, and exchangeable potassium, calcium, and magnesium that were within the optimum range was 16.0%, 22.5%, 11.5%, 3.5%, 2.5%, and 5.0%, respectively. Especially, available phosphate and exchangeable calcium were excess level with portions of 76.0% and 96.5%, respectively. These results indicated that a balanced management of soil chemical properties can reduce the amount of fertilizer applied for sustainable agriculture in controlled horticultural lands.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.641-647
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• 2015

Monitoring of soil fertility by long-term application of fertilizers is necessary to improve the fertility of soil and the productivity of crop. The objective of this study was conducted to investigate the changes of exchangeable Mg by continuous application of fertilizers from 1969 to 2014. The treatments were no fertilization (No fert.) and fertilization (NPK, NPK+C, NPK+S, and NPK+CS). The concentration of exchangeable Mg in No fert., NPK+C, and NPK+S treatments tended to increase from 1965 to 1975, but decrease gradually from 1976 to 1987, and increase again after 1988. Based on these, the changes of exchangeable Mg were divided into period I ('69 ~'75), period II ('76~'87), and period III ('88~'14). Especially, exchangeable Mg decreased in the period II. This was presumed that a significant amount of Mg from topsoil were leached into subsoil by break of plow pan and some of subsoil was incorporated into topsoil according to change of plowing depth by replacement of tillage machinery. It could be possible that exchangeable Mg in NPK, NPK+S, and NPK+CS was accumulated in the depth of 15~20 cm. For the period III, exchangeable Mg in No fert., NPK, NPK+C, NPK+S, and NPK+CS treatments increased at rates of 0.013, 0.018, 0.015, 0.023, and $0.024cmolckg^{-1}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$ respectively. Exchangeable Mg level in NPK+S was lower than the other treatments in the period I and period II, but higher than in the period III. This result was attributed to replacement of silicate fertilizer type from wollastonite (Mg 0.3%) to silicate fertilizer (Mg 3%). Also, exchangeable Mg level of No fert. treatment increased, which showed that Mg concentration of irrigated water had the greatest impact on Mg accumulation of soil. Recently, Mg level of irrigated water tended to increase, indicating that Mg concentration of water will affect greatly the concentration of exchangeable Mg of soil in the future. Like these, the changes of exchangeable Mg were greatly influenced by agricultural environment such as plowing depth, plow pan, content of fertilizer, and quality of irrigated water. Considering these agricultural environment, the proper management of soil is needed for the improvement of soil fertility and crop productivity.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.105-112
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• 2003

황산고토와 수산화고토는 용해도를 비롯한 화학적 특성이 크게 다르므로 이들을 비료로 토양에 시용하였을 때 토양의 화학성에 미치는 영향 또한 달리 나타날 것이다. 본 연구에서는 이들 고토 비료가 토양 pH, EC 및 교환성 양이온 분포에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 수산화고토는 토양 pH를 증가시켰으며, 이러한 현상은 수산화고토의 낮은 용해도 때문에 주로 표토에만 제한적으로 나타났다. 황산고토의 경우에는 토양 pH를 저하시켰으며, 이러한 영향은 조사된 20 cm 깊이까지 나타났다. 용해도가 높은 황산고토의 이러한 pH 저하 현상은 주로 토양용액의 이온 강도 증가에 기인한는 것으로 판단되었다. 토양 EC는 황산고토 처리에서 크게 증가하였으나 수신화고토 처리에서는 표토 일부에서 약간 증가하는 결과를 보였다. 교환성 $Mg^{2+}$ 함량 조사 결과를 보면 황산고토의 경우 용해도가 높으므로 일시에 다량의 마그네슘이 토양에 용출되며 관수에 따라서 쉽게 용탈될 수 있는 것으로 나티났으며, 반면 수산화고토의 경우에는 용해도가 낮으므로 표토에만 지속적으로 마그네슘을 공급할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 황산고토 처리의 경우 다량의 마그네슘을 용출되므로 수산화고토에 비하여 교환성 $Ca^{2+}$의 유실을 초래할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 고려할 때, 토양 환경 특성을 고려한 고토 비종의 선택이 필요할 것이며, 특히 산성토양 또는 염류집적 가능성이 높은 토양에서는 황산고토에 비해 수산화고토의 시용이 유리할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.173-178
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• 1984

옥수수 수량(收量)과 토양(土壤)의 화학적특성(化學的特性)과의 상관관계(相關關係)를 검토(檢討)하여 옥수수 재배지토양(栽培地土壤)의 토양화학성(土壤化學性) 개량(改良) 기준(基準)을 설정(設定)할 목적(目的)으로 16개(個) 옥수수 시범재배포장(示範栽培圃場)을 대상(對象)으로 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 옥수수 수량(收量)과 토양화학성(土壤化學性)과의 상관관계(相關關係)에서 $pH\;r=0.706^{**}$, $Av.\;P_2O_5\;r=0.675^{**}$, $Ex.\;K\;r=0.697^{**}$, $Ex.\;Ca\;r=0.763^{**}$, $Ex.\;Mg\;r=0.626^{**}$, $CEC\;r=0.803^{**}$, $Av\;SiO_2\;r=0.670^{**}$, $B.S\;r=0.729^{**}$로 정(正)의 상관관계(相關關係)를 나타내었으나 유기물(有機物) 및 전질소함량(全窒素含量)과는 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되지 않았다. 2. 옥수수에 대한 토양중(土壤中) 적정무잔성함량(適正無棧成含量)(1,000kg/10a생산기준(生産基準))은 pH5.6, Av $P_2O_5$, 327ppm, Ex. K0.39me/100g, Ex. Ca 5.5me/100g, Ex. Mg1.3me/100g, Ex. Al 0.44me/100g, CEC 11.5me/100g, Av. $SiO_2$, 116ppm. B.S 58%로 추정(准定)되었다. 3. 토양중(土壤中) 치환성(置換性)알루미늄함량(含量)은 옥수수 수량(收量)뿐만 아니라 토양산도(土壤酸度), 유효인산(有效燐酸), 치환성가리(置換性加理), 치환성석회함량(置換性石灰含量)과도 유의성(有意性)있는 부(負)의 상관관계(相關關係)를 나타내었다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.107-115
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• 2002

This study was carried out to compare artificial soil formulated by blending calcined clay and coconut peat with perlite, then to evaluate this soil as a perlite substitute for use as an artificial planting medium. To achieve this, a determination of the physico-chemical properties and it's effect on plant growth were conducted by comparing those with large perlite grains and small grains. The results are summarized as follows: 1) The bulk density was 0.41g/㎤. This density was lower than that of field soil, but higher than that of large perlite grain(0.23g/㎤) and small grain(0.25g/㎤). The porosity, field capacity, and saturated hydraulic conductivity were 71.3%, 49.2%, and 3.8$\times$10-2cm/s, respectively. The air-permeability, water holding capacity, and drainage were better than or equal to that both large and small perlite grain. 2) It was near-neutral in reaction(pH=6.6). It had a high organic carbon content(65.8g/kg) and a low available phosphoric acid content(84.7mg/kg). It was similar to crop soil in cation exchange capacity(11.4cmol/kg). It had a low exchangeable calcium content(0.71cmol/kg), a low exchangeable magnesium content(0.68cmol/kg), a high exchangeable potassium content(2.54cmol/kg), and a high exchangeable sodium content(1.12cmol/kg). Except for the exchangeable potassium and sodium content, the chemical properties were better than or equal to both large and small grain perlite. The excessive exchangeable potassium or sodium content will inhibit plant growth. 3) In Experiment 1, the plant growth tended to be higher compared to that of large and small perlite gains. But in Experiment 2, it tended to be lower. This might be linked to the excessive exchangeable potassium or sodium content. 4) It could be considered as a renewable perlite substitute for greening of artificial soil. But, it would be necessary to leach the excessive exchangeable potassium or sodium to avoid the risk of inhibiting plant growth.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.301-305
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• 2014

This study was carried out to investigate the vegetation and habitat environment of Sageretia thea which is distributed in Jeju island, Korea. Sageretia thea were mainly distributed to the west area in Jeju island. Soil pH and EC of Sageretia thea habitat were 5.8 and $0.34dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. The contents of organic matter, available phosphate, exchangeable potassium, exchangeable sodium, exchangeable magnesium and exchangeable calcium were 15.27%, $13.6mgkg^{-1}$, $0.27cmol_+kg^{-1}$, $1.3cmol_+kg^{-1}$, $1.7cmol_+kg^{-1}$, $4.9cmol_+kg^{-1}$, respectively. Thirty one taxa including 25 families, 31 genus, 27 species and 4 varieties were identified surrounding Sageretia thea habitat. Specific plant species were 1 taxon in III grade, 1 taxon in I grade and 3 taxa in I grade.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.24-31
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• 2010

This study was carried out to analyze vegetation and soil characteristic, and ordination of Scrophularia takesimensis population, Ulleung Island. The Scrophularia takesimensis population was classified into Aster spathulifolius for. oharai dominant population, Vitis amurensis dominant population and Scrophularia takesimensis typical population. The Scrophularia takesimensis population was located in elevation of 1m to 6m, in Ulleung Island. In the study sites, soil organic matter, nitrogen, available phosphorous, exchangeable potassium, exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium and exchangeable sodium concentration, and cation exchange capacity, and soil pH were 9.1~19.1%, 0.19~0.52%, 87.1~196.7mg/kg, 2.0~2.8cmol+/kg, 5.4~5.9cmol+/kg, 5.9~8.8cmol+/kg, 4.4~4.8cmol+/kg, 20.3~26.7cmol+/kg, and 6.8~8.0, respectively. The Vitis amurensis dominant population was mainly found in the high percentage of total nitrogen, organic matter, CEC in comparison with Aster spathulifolius for. oharai dominant population.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.86-98
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate vegetation structure and soil properties of Adenophora racemosa population distributed in Jeombongsan, Seoraksan, Odaesan and Dutasan in Gangwon-do, Korea. From August 2007 until September 2009, $2m{\times}2m$ quadrate was established in native area of Adenophora racemosa in order to record a dominants and coverage, and soil factors at 22 sites. It was found that the altitude in the distributed areas for Angelica gigas population was 800 m or more. Adenophora racemosa population was classified into Rhododendron mucronulatum dominant population, Geranium var. hirsutum dominant population, Caret siderosticta dominant population and Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus dominant population. In the site of study, soil pH, electrical conductivity, soil organic matter, available phosphorous, and exchangeable potassium, exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium, exchangeable sodium concentration and total nitrogen were ranged from 5.0~7.1, 0.06~0.65dS/m, 0.96~8.94%, 12.3~32.8mg/kg, 0.12~0.89cmol+/kg, 0.34~10.08cmol+/kg, 0.1~l.4cmol+/kg, 0.02~0.29cmol+/kg and 0~8.4% respectively. According to the results of DCCA, Adenophora racemosa population were distributed in the high available phosphorous and exchangeable potassium, and Rhododendron mucronulatum dominant population was situated on low available potassium and high slope degree, Geranium var. hirsutum dominant population was high altitude, electrical conductivity and exchange magnesium, and Carex siderosticta dominant population and Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus were distributed on high total nitrogen, organic matter, available phosphorous.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.92-100
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate vegetation structure and soil properties of Angelica gigas population distributed in Jeombongsan, Bangtaesan, Odaesan, Gyebangsan and Jirisan. From August 2007 until September 2008, 5m${\times}$5m quadrat was established in native area of Angelica gigas in order to record a dominants and coverage, and soil factors at 20 sites. It was found that the altitude in the distributed areas for Angelica gigas population was 710m or more. Angelica gigas population was classified into Parasencio auriculata var. kamtschatical dominant population, Pseudostellaria palibiniana dominant population, Isodon excisus dominant population and typical dominant population. In the site of study, soil pH, electrical conductivity, soil organic matter, available phosphorous, and exchangeable potassium, exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium, exchangeable natrium concentration and total nitrogen were ranged from 5.1~6.2, 0.1~0.79dS/m, 2.21~22.11%, 9.56~37.97mg/kg, 1.85~23.88cmol+/kg, 0.21~1.18cmol+/kg, 1.07~5.09cmol+/kg, 0.04~0.14cmol+/kg and 0.09~1.04% respectively. The Parasencio auriculata var. kamtschatical dominant population was found in area of high altitude and had high slope degree. But Pseudostellaria palibiniana dominant population was found in area of low altitude and low slope degree. Isodon excisus dominant population was found to have higher soil pH and exchangeable potassium concentration than the other dominant population.