• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.308-312
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• 2013

The monitoring of chemical dynamic changes in controlled horticultural lands is very important for agricultural sustainability. Field monitoring was performed to evaluate the soil chemical properties of 200 controlled horticultural soil samples in Gyeongnam province every 4 years from 2000 to 2012. Soil chemical properties such as pH, amount of organic matter, available phosphate, nitrate nitrogen, and exchangeable potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sodium were analyzed. The amount of exchangeable calcium and soil pH were significantly higher in 2012 than in 2000. In 2012, the frequency distribution for values of pH, organic matter, available phosphate, and exchangeable potassium, calcium, and magnesium that were within the optimum range was 16.0%, 22.5%, 11.5%, 3.5%, 2.5%, and 5.0%, respectively. Especially, available phosphate and exchangeable calcium were excess level with portions of 76.0% and 96.5%, respectively. These results indicated that a balanced management of soil chemical properties can reduce the amount of fertilizer applied for sustainable agriculture in controlled horticultural lands.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.84-93
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• 2010

This study was carried out to analyze the vegetation properties, soil characteristics and ordination of Leontice microrhyncha population in South Korea. The Leontice microrhyncha population was classified into Quercus mongolica dominant population, Morus bombycis dominant population, Fraxinus mandshurica population and Leontice microrhyncha typical dominant. The Leontice microrhyncha population was located at an elevation of 633m to 1,336m in Korea. In the study sites, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphate, exchangeable potassium, exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium, cation exchange capacity and soil pH were 8.40~10.58%, 0.42~0.61%, 14.15~25.07mg/kg, 0.44~0.59cmol$^+$/kg, 2.35~6.33cmol$^+$/kg, 0.35~0.98cmol$^+$/kg, 26.04~33.48cmol$^+$/kg and 4.69~5.32 respectively. Morus bombycis dominant population was found in the low elevation and gentle sloped area that has high percentage of phosphoric acid and less percentage of total nitrogen, exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium than other dominant population. Fraxinus mandshurica dominant population and Leontice microrhyncha typical population were found in the comparatively high elevation area that has low percentage of phosphoric acid and high percentage of total nitrogen, exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium. Quercus mongolica dominant population was found in the medium elevation area that has medium percentage of total nitrogen, exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.173-178
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• 1984

Correlation study was conducted to establish the optimum test level of soil improvement for good growth of corn from the relationships between the corn yield and soil chemical properties in 16 farmers' demonstration fields. Significant positive correlations between the corn yield and soil chemical properties ; pH, available phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, calcium, magnesium, cation exchange capacity. available silica, and base saturation percentage were showed but organic matter and nitrogen content were not. The proper nutrient contents in soil for expecting corn yield, 1.000kg/10a could be estimated as pH 5.6, available phosphorus 327ppm, exchangeable potassium 0.39me/100g, exchangeable calcium 5.5me/100g, exchangeable magnesium 1.3me/100g, cation exchange capacity 11.5me/100g, available silica 116ppm, base saturation percentage 58 from the relationships between the corn yield and soil chemical properties. Exchangeable aluminium were negatively correlated with not only corn yield but also pH, available phosphorus, exchangeable potassium and exchangeable calcium.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.81-88
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• 2015

Background: In Changbai Mountains, Panax ginseng (ginseng) was cultivated in a mixture of the humus and albic horizons of albic luvisol in a raised garden with plastic shade. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of ginseng planting on soil characteristics. Methods: The mixed-bed soils were seasonally collected at intervals of 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, and 10-15 cm for different-aged ginsengs. Soil physico-chemical characteristics were studied using general methods. Aluminum was extracted from the soil solids with $NH_4Cl $(exchangeable Al) and Na-pyrophosphate (organic Al) and was measured with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results: A remarkable decrease in the pH, concentrations of exchangeable calcium, $NH_4^+$, total organic carbon (TOC), and organic Al, as well as a pronounced increase in the bulk density were observed in the different-aged ginseng soils from one spring to the next. The decrease in pH in the ginseng soils was positively correlated with the $NH_4^+$ (r=0.463, p<0.01), exchangeable calcium (r=0.325, p<0.01) and TOC (r= 0.292, p < 0.05) concentrations. The $NO_3^-$ showed remarkable surface accumulation (0-5 cm) in the summer and even more in the autumn but declined considerably the next spring. The exchangeable Al fluctuated from $0.10mg\;g^{-1}$ to $0.50mg\;g^{-1}$ for dry soils, which was positively correlated with the $NO_3^-$ (r=0.401, p < 0.01) and negatively correlated with the TOC (r=-0.329, p < 0.05). The Al saturation varied from 10% to 41% and was higher in the summer and autumn, especially in the 0-5 cmand 5-10 cm layers. Conclusion: Taken together, our study revealed a seasonal shift in soil characteristics in ginseng beds with plastic shade.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.10 no.1_2
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• pp.21-30
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• 1967

The aim of present study is to elucidate the relationship between decay rate of soil organic matter, and the change of soil microbial population under the oak and pine forest soils in Kwang-nung plantation stand. The results obtained are as follows: 1) The correlation coefficient between decay rate and the soil bacteria is 0.84 and fungi 0.93. 2) The distribution of soil microbial population is higher in both F horizon of the oak forest soil, and F and H horizon of the pine forest soil. However, the number of soil microorganisms decreases with the depth in each forest soil. 3) The population of soil microbes is related to moisture content, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and exchangeable calcium, except organic carbon in fungi. 4) The soil organic matter has been mainly decomposed by fungi, and the size of its population are governed by the factors such as moisture content, organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and exchangeable calcium.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.107-115
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• 2002

This study was carried out to compare artificial soil formulated by blending calcined clay and coconut peat with perlite, then to evaluate this soil as a perlite substitute for use as an artificial planting medium. To achieve this, a determination of the physico-chemical properties and it's effect on plant growth were conducted by comparing those with large perlite grains and small grains. The results are summarized as follows: 1) The bulk density was 0.41g/㎤. This density was lower than that of field soil, but higher than that of large perlite grain(0.23g/㎤) and small grain(0.25g/㎤). The porosity, field capacity, and saturated hydraulic conductivity were 71.3%, 49.2%, and 3.8$\times$10-2cm/s, respectively. The air-permeability, water holding capacity, and drainage were better than or equal to that both large and small perlite grain. 2) It was near-neutral in reaction(pH=6.6). It had a high organic carbon content(65.8g/kg) and a low available phosphoric acid content(84.7mg/kg). It was similar to crop soil in cation exchange capacity(11.4cmol/kg). It had a low exchangeable calcium content(0.71cmol/kg), a low exchangeable magnesium content(0.68cmol/kg), a high exchangeable potassium content(2.54cmol/kg), and a high exchangeable sodium content(1.12cmol/kg). Except for the exchangeable potassium and sodium content, the chemical properties were better than or equal to both large and small grain perlite. The excessive exchangeable potassium or sodium content will inhibit plant growth. 3) In Experiment 1, the plant growth tended to be higher compared to that of large and small perlite gains. But in Experiment 2, it tended to be lower. This might be linked to the excessive exchangeable potassium or sodium content. 4) It could be considered as a renewable perlite substitute for greening of artificial soil. But, it would be necessary to leach the excessive exchangeable potassium or sodium to avoid the risk of inhibiting plant growth.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.530-535
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• 2008

This study was carried out to analyze the vegetation and soil characteristic, and ordination of Wasabia japonica population at Ulleung-Do. The Wasabia japonica population is distributed in altitudes of 440m to 570m at Seo-Myon and also in altitudes of 340m near Nari-valley. In the study sites, soil organic matter, nitrogen, available phosphorous, exchangeable potassium, exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium concentration, cation exchange capacity, and soil pH were 15.01%, 0.48%, 44.19ppm, 2.00(me/100g), 7.19(me/100g), 4.44(me/100g), 22.55(me/100g), and 6.17, respectively. The Rumohra standishii dominant population was mainly found in high in soil nitrogen, organic matter, CEC, and exchangeable calcium concentration in comparison with Boehmeria spicata dominant population. The Boehmeria spicata dominant population was mainly found in high in soil pH.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.240-245
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• 2015

The monitoring of soil fertility changes in orchard is very important for agricultural sustainability. Field monitoring was performed to evaluate the soil chemical properties of 140 orchard (23 sites for sandy loam, 88 sites for loam, 28 sites for silt loam, and 1 site for loamy fine sand) in Gyeongnam province every 4 years from 2002 to 2014. Soil chemical properties such as pH, electrical conductivity, amount of organic matter (OM), available phosphate ($P_2O_5$), lime requirement (LR), exchangeable potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sodium were analyzed. The amount of OM, exchangeable K, Ca, and Mg were significantly increased as cultivation year increases. The frequency distribution within optimum range of subsoil chemical properties in 2014 was 34.3% for pH, 35.0% for OM, 17.1% for available $P_2O_5$, 22.9% for exchangeable K, 15.7% for exchangeable Ca, and 22.1% for exchangeable Mg. In addition, the available $P_2O_5$ and exchangeable calcium were excess level with portions of 69.3% and 48.6%, respectively. The soil chemical properties in the topsoil and subsoil showed that soil pH was significantly higher in sandy loam soil than those from the loam and silt loam soils. The OM, exchangeable K, Mg, and LR of loam soil were higher than those from the sandy loam soil. These results indicated that a balanced management of soil chemical properties as affected by soil texture can improve the amount of fertilizer applied for sustainable agriculture in orchard field.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.20-24
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• 1970

In the moor of Mt. Dae-am, the following communities are seen in successive order ranging from the north to the south; the Sanguisorba Argutipens-Carex jaluensis community, the Carex jaluensis-Sanguisorba Argutipens-Sphagnum community, the Sphagnum cymbifolium-Carex jaluensis community, the Carex jaluensis-Sanguisorba Argutipens community and the Calamgrostis Langsdorfii-Ottelia alismoides community. The properties of the peats vary according to the community type, that is, nutrients such as organic matter, total nitrogen, exchangeable K and Mg in the soil tend to decrease as the plant communities shift from the north to the south. The pH range for eleven stations samples was 3.9 to 5.7, and the meadian is 4.6. The content of exchangeable Ca decreases from station to station successively towards the center which is poor in calcium. Presumably there appears to be a clear correlation of Sphagnum cymbifolium with the amount of exchangeable Ca and value of pH produced in bogs by the breakdown or organic residures. The nutrient content of the representative plants of the moor shows no definite relation with the station of their habitats.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.301-305
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• 2014

This study was carried out to investigate the vegetation and habitat environment of Sageretia thea which is distributed in Jeju island, Korea. Sageretia thea were mainly distributed to the west area in Jeju island. Soil pH and EC of Sageretia thea habitat were 5.8 and $0.34dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. The contents of organic matter, available phosphate, exchangeable potassium, exchangeable sodium, exchangeable magnesium and exchangeable calcium were 15.27%, $13.6mgkg^{-1}$, $0.27cmol_+kg^{-1}$, $1.3cmol_+kg^{-1}$, $1.7cmol_+kg^{-1}$, $4.9cmol_+kg^{-1}$, respectively. Thirty one taxa including 25 families, 31 genus, 27 species and 4 varieties were identified surrounding Sageretia thea habitat. Specific plant species were 1 taxon in III grade, 1 taxon in I grade and 3 taxa in I grade.