• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.23-30
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• 2000

The use of strut-preloading method is gradually increasing in braced excavations in Korea. And it is necessary to analyze the effects of strut preloading on the wall deflection, wall bending moment and strut axial force, etc. In this study, by using the analysis method of beams on elasto-plastic foundations, measured data and calculated results of 2 sites are compared and parametric studies of correlation between preloading and earth retaining structures in sandy soils are carried out in strut preloading application. As results, about 50%~75% of design strut load is effective as preloading force in considering the displacement and member forces of earth retaining structures. And the effective stiffiness of strut should be at least 25% of th ideal value in order to restrain the excessive increase of wall deflection and bending moments. As one of some methods to prevent excessive movements in braced excavation, to preload the strut is confirmed as more effective way than to increase the stiffiness of strut in braced wall, if the excessive axial force of strut due to preloading can be avoided.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.91-98
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• 2003

Through the research into the date of Radix Thichosanthis main blended 21 kinds of prescriptions Radix Thichosanthis from Donguibogam. This study summrized as follows; The suitable dosage of Radix Thichosanthis per one application is one to two don(about $4{\sim}8g$). Radix Thichosanthis Radix main blended prescriptions broadly use in the symptoms of diabetes, excessive thirst, cabuncles and eye diseases In diabetes and excessive thirst, the structes of Radix Thichosanthis main blended prescriptions are commonly used Seng Mak San(生脈散), Radix Puerariae(葛根), Frectus Schisandrae(五味子), Radix Ophiopogonis(麥門冬) In Furuncles, Carbuncles and Cancer like diseases, the structes of Radix Thichosanthis main blended prescriptions are generally used Kumeunhwasan(金銀花散), Jipaesan(芷貝散), Twonongsan(透膿散).

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1999.04a
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• pp.631-637
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• 1999

Effect of excessive addition of water reducing agent was examined by concrete tests. Water reducing agents of lignin or naphtalene base were used in the experiment. Setting of concrete was retarded according to the increase of dosage of water reducing agent and was extremely delayed at the 3 times or more use of lignin base agent and near 5 times or more use of naphtalene base agent respectively. When water reducing agent was used more than 6 times of standard dosage, early strength of concrete was very low and the strength reduction was very severe at all test ages in the concrete using lignin base agent.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.248-253
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• 2023

Nowadays, with the spread of the Internet and the emergence of high-performance computers and various peripheral devices, our society is undergoing great changes. In the field of education, various types of education using smart education infrastructure are being conducted. The spread of the Internet and the development of various devices have problems that can lead to addiction due to excessive Internet use. Most of the problems that appear in adolescence are immersed in games, which can affect academic achievement. Therefore, in this study, the effect of excessive Internet use on students' academic achievement was studied. The survey for the study was conducted through a questionnaire survey, and the subjects of the survey were high school students majoring in humanities. As a result, the relationship between academic achievement and Internet addiction was low in the middle, upper, and lower groups in the general user group. Also, in the highrisk user group, it appeared high in the order of middle, low, and high.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.226-232
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• 2004

Use of electric pulp testing elicits painful response in vital teeth. In this study, we examined the excessive time from pain feeling to stimulation disconnection in clinical situation. D626D (Parkell Inc., USA.) scan type electric pulp tester was used in total of 23 young healthy individuals. Each of the right central incisors and first premolars were used as testing teeth. Stimulation disconnection was achieved by EMG in anterior belly of digastric muscle, finger span, and voice and the excessive stimulation time over the sensory thresh-old was recorded. As a result, we found that the short responses before the stimulation disconnection appeared following order：EMG, finger span, and voice. The EMG disconnection is suggested to be used to reduce the excessive stimulus time in electric pulp testing.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.65-83
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• 2018

This study examined the effects of smartphone usage types and excessive expectation for smartphone on adolescents' smartphone overdependence. It utilized the data of 3,454 adolescents (1,758 males and 1,696 females), aged between 13 and 19 from a smartphone overdependence survey of the National Information Society Agency. As a result of the hierarchical multiple regression analysis, age and household income had a negative effect on smartphone overdependence. Weekly smartphone usage time positively affected the serious consequences (sub-factor of smartphone overdependence). Among the different types of smartphone usage, information seeking, SNS, gaming, and the excessive expectation for smartphones had positive impact on smartphone overdependence. Smartphone usage for leisure seeking did not affect smartphone overdependence, but it negatively influenced serious consequences. Messenger use did not affect smartphone overdependence, but the use had a positive effect on salience, and a negative effect on serious consequences. The results of this study suggest that it is necessary to identify the types of smartphone use as well as the usage time to understand the smartphone dependence of adolescents. In addition, it seems necessary to recognize and correct the irrational excessive expectation for smartphone in order to prevent dependence and implement effective interventions.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.501-516
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to explore the fundamental nature and meanings of the experiences of university students with regard to their smartphone usage in order to prevent smartphone addiction and provide guidelines to develop effective interventions. Nine university students who were currently enrolled in an university located in a Korean province participated in this study. In-depth interviews were conducted from June of 2012 to July of 2012, and data were analyzed using Colaizzi's phenomenological qualitative method. As a results, five theme and 40 subthemes of experiences of problematic smartphone usage were identified. Those themes include 1) a desperate try to connect with others(exposing oneself without appropriate self-protection, seeking emotional comfort, hurt and mistrust); 2) excessive use of smartphone and loss of self-control(more smartphone usage over computer/over-immersion/excessive usage/habituation, loss of self-control); 3) psychological difficulties(excessive attachment and dependence, separation anxiety, clingingness, reduced patience) ; 4) threats to daily functioning (changes in priorities, regressed independent daily functioning, irregular daily patterns, health problems, interruptions from free messenger, academic difficulties); 5) potential for recovery(conflictual feelings and doubts over smartphone usage, importance of interpersonal(face-to-face) communications, willingness to cut down the use, hope for recovery). This study provided suggestions for the prevention effort against smartphone addiction.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.129-137
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• 2017

The purpose of the study is to investigate the convergence influence of excessive smartphone use on attention deficit, learning environment, and academic procrastination in health college students. A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 255 college students in Busan drom March 6 to June 12, 2017. The degree of smartphone overuse, lack of attention, learning environment, and academic procrastination according to smartphone use characteristics showed significant effects on the time spent on smartphones per day, awareness of smartphone addiction, and personal use of smartphones during class time (p<0.001). It was shown that smartphone overuse was positively correlated with attention deficit (r=0.870, p<0.01), learning environment (r=0.812, p<0.01), academic procrastination (r=0.772, p<0.01), and attention deficit showed a positive relationship with learning environment (r=0.918, p<0.01) and academic procrastination (r=0.798, p<0.01) Learning environment was positively correlated with academic procrastination (r=0.777, p<0.01). The influence factors of smartphone overuse were attention deficit (p<0.001), followed by academic delay behavior (p<0.01). It is necessary to establish a healthy learning environment through prevention and proper use of smartphone.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.161-175
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• 2009

This study examines how parenting behavior and abuse experience in childhood and temperaments affect problem behavior by sex as it relates to undergraduates. The subject of this research is 220 undergraduates (males, 94; females, 126) attending universities located in Gyeonggi-do. Data were collected through the use of questionnaires during class. According to the results, when parenting behavior experienced in childhood is negative, abuse experience is more frequent, the emotional characteristics of the subject's temperaments are negative, activity is higher, sociability is lower, and problem behaviors such as social withdrawal, hyperactivity, aggressiveness, and obsession are more prevalent. Moreover, for male students, the chief factors explaining their problem behavior are their father's lack of supervision, physical violence, their mother's excessive interference and irrational parenting behavior, and the temperaments of excessive worrying, high activity, and low sociability. In the cases of female students, the primary variables affecting their problem behavior are negative emotional temperaments, low sociability temperaments, their father's low affection, excessive interference, too rational explanation, and their mother's inconsistent parenting behavior.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.55-71
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• 2016

Recently, Internet addiction problem has arised due to increasing negative effects about excessive internet use among youth. In this study, by utilizing the '11th youth health behaviors online survey data', we discuss the countermeasures for excessive internet usage of adolescence based on various analysis. we examined the effects of demographic characteristic factors, psychological factors, behavioral factors on internet usage of adolescence. As a result, it was confirmed that there were various variables that influenced adolescent internet usage which were not approached in previous researches. And through these results, we can confirm these variables. In addition, we can also provide countermeasures on excessive internet usages by that of adolescents.