• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.229-233
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• 2011

In the pediatric literature, excessive crying has been reported solely in association with 3-month colic and is described, if at all, as unexplained crying and fussing during the first 3 months of life. The bouts of crying are generally thought to be triggered by abdominal colic (over-inflation of the still immature gastrointestinal tract), and treatment is prescribed accordingly. According to this line of reasoning, excessive crying is harmless and resolves by the end of the third month without long-term consequences. However, there is evidence that it may cause tremendous distress in the mother-infant relationship, and can lead to disorders of behavioral and emotional regulation at the toddler stage (such as sleep and feeding disorders, chronic fussiness, excessive clinginess, and temper tantrums). Early treatment of excessive crying focuses on parent-infant communication, and parent-infant interaction in the context of soothing and settling the infant to sleep is a promising approach that may prevent later behavioral and emotional disorders in infancy.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.26-35
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• 2013

Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that cause nocturnal crying. Methods This clinical study has been carried out with 133 infants and children, who visited to the department of Pediatrics, ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ Oriental Medical Hospital from September 2012 to October 2012. Patient's guardian filled out the questionnaire consisting of pregnancy-birth domain, child care domain, sleep domain, nocturnal crying domain and other domains. We used PASW Statistics 18.0 to analyze each factors by Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test and independent samples t test. Results The prevalence of nocturnal crying between "frequently changing sleep posture group" and "stable sleep posture group" were significantly different (p=0.002, OR=3.557). The prevalence of nocturnal crying between "sleep problem group" and "no sleep problem group" were significantly different (p=0.022, OR=4.052). The nocturnal crying prevalence of the rest of the groups had no significant difference. Conclusions The frequently changing sleep posture increases the risk of nocturnal crying, and the presence of sleep problem increases the risk of nocturnal crying.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.90-96
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• 2015

Objectives The purpose of this study was to report 35 children who had sleep disorder like night crying or night terror after traffic accidents. Methods This clinical study had been carried out with 35 infants and children, who visited to the department of Pediatrics, ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ Oriental Medical Hospital from January 2012 to June 2015. Results The study group had similar sex the ratio between boys and girls and the group had more of 1-3 year-old children. The number of patients who were diagnosed as night crying were 24, night terror were 7 and palpitation due to alarm were 4. All patients took herb medicine and 15 patients were treated by acupuncture. During the treatment, symptom of night crying and terror were disappeared. Conclusions This result showed that the oriental medical treatment was effective in children who suffered from night crying or night terror after traffic accidents.

• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.159-163
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• 1995

저자들은 비교적 드문 질환인 이중대동맥궁에 의한 호흡곤란 1례를 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제64권12호
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• pp.642-651
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• 2021

Background: Infantile colic (IC) is excessive crying in otherwise healthy children. Despite vast research efforts, its etiology remains unknown. Purpose: Most treatments for IC carry various side effects. The collection of evidence may inform researchers of new strategies for the management and treatment of IC as well as new clues for understanding its pathogenesis. This review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and possible mechanisms of probiotics for mananaging IC. Methods: Ten papers met the study inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager (RevMan) software and a random-effects model. Results: This meta-analysis revealed that probiotics are effective for treating infantile colic, while the review showed that this efficacy may be due to their anti-inflammatory effects. Conclusion: Probiotics may be an important treatment option for managing infantile colic due to their anti-inflammatory properties.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.69-79
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• 1992

Effects of the gardening program on the mentally retarded persons were assessed on the inadaptive behavior and the social maturity for 1 to 2 years and 2 months in Seoul Welfare Center for the Mentally Retarded. The results were as follows; 1. The mentally retarded persons treated with the gardening program for 1 to 2 years and 2 months showed and improvement of the inadaptive behavior as compared with the pre-gradening program. The second(the enervation and the social isolation) and fourth (the excessive behavior and the deviant behavior) sects among the four of Inadaptive Behavior Checklist showed and improvement of the inadaptive behavior. And first sect(crying, excitement, and anger) of Inadaptive Behavior Checklist greatly showed and improvement of the inadaptive behavior. 2. The mentally retarded persons were improved in their social maturity through the gradening program for 1 to 2 years and 2 months as compared with pre-gradening program. Both a social age and social quotient were quite a bit increased. 3. Females showed improvment in the inadaptive behavior and the social maturity by the gardening program when compared to males, but the difference between male and female was not striking. 4. Both the higher IQ group from 55 to 70 and the lower IQ group from 40 to 54 showed improvment in the inadaptive behavior by the gardening program, but the difference between two groups was not obvious. However, the higher IQ group through the gardening program increased the social maturity more than the lower IQ group. 5. In both the gardening program periods for 1 to 1 year and 2 months and those for 2 years and 2 months the inadaptive behavior and the social maturity showed an improvment when compared to pre-gardening program, but the difference between two groups was not conspicuous.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.76-91
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• 2005

Stroke patients often develop post stroke sequelae when they survive. Post stroke fatigue and emotional disturbances including depression are common along with motor dysfunction. However, medical personnel have paid relatively little attention to emotional changes and the presence of fatigue following strokes. Post-stroke fatigue was common, occurring in 57% of the patients in our series. The post-stroke fatigue appears to be related to the pre-stroke fatigue, physical disability and post stroke depression (PSD) although the relation to the lesion location remains elusive. The prevalence of post-stroke emotional disturbance has been reported to range from 12% to 64%. The wide variation in the frequency of post stroke depression may be related to methodological heterogeneity in items such as the criteria for depression, the timing of assessment, and the study population. Emotional incontinence, which is characterized by inappropriate or excessive laughing or crying is also common. The incidence of and factor related to this post-stroke emotional incontinence (PSEI) also remains unclear. We reported that out-patients with single, unilateral stroke, 18% had PSD and 34% had PSEI. Although both PSD and PSEI were related to motor dysfunction and location (anterior vs. posterior cortex) of the lesion, the latter was a stronger determinant for PSD. PSEI was more closely associated with subcortical strokes than was PSD. Another manifestation of post stroke patients is the occurrence of post stroke anger proneness (PSAP). They may become easily irritated, impulsive, less generous, and prone to be angry or aggressive at others. We also have reported the PSAP which seems to be closely associated with the presence of PSEI. The lesion distribution appears to be also similar. Both PSEI and PSAP respond well to serotonin reuptake inhibitors suggesting that these symptomsmay be possibly related to the alteration of serotonin after brain injury. Likewise, PSAP also produces a great deal of frustration and embarrassment among patients and caregivers. In summary, emotional disturbances such as depression, emotional incontinence, anger-proneness and fatigue are fairly common but under-recognized sequelae of stroke. These emotional disturbances decrease the quality of life of the patients and caregivers, and may adversely affect the overall prognosis. Therefore, these problems must be appropriately recognized and alleviated. Finding strategies to relieve the symptoms is imperative by understanding the causative factors in individual patient.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.186-195
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• 2024

Purpose: Infantile colic diagnostic criteria were established by Rome IV. A universally accepted management remains to be established. We aimed to evaluate diagnostic criteria, management strategies, and perceived regional prevalence of infantile colic in Pakistan, as well as its effect on physicians and parents. Methods: A questionnaire was distributed amongst 1,256 physicians. Results: We received 800 replies. Wessel and Rome IV criteria were used by most physicians for diagnosis; however, the response "any infant who cries a lot" was selected by older physicians (48% of those over 60 years), physicians in rural areas (32%), physicians practicing in private clinics (27%), and general physicians (30%). Estimated prevalence of infantile colic ranges from 21-40%. Reassurance was the most widely recommended management strategy followed by herbal teas (51%), switching to a different formula (49%), probiotics (28%) and antibiotics (26%), discontinuation of breastfeeding (14%), elimination of dairy products from the breastfeeding mothers' diet (6%), and the administration of colic drops (1%). Most physicians considered the negative impact of colic on their personal lives and the parents as mild-to-moderate. Notably, 38% of percent of physicians routinely screened for maternal depression, and 45% of physicians were aware of the association between infantile colic and shaken baby syndrome. Conclusion: Most physicians in Pakistan diagnose and manage infantile colic according to the established guidelines. However, the guidelines pertaining to treatment planning are not followed. Educational efforts directed toward general physicians and doctors practicing in rural areas and clinics must be implemented to avoid unnecessary testing and treatment burden.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.712-718
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• 2002

목 적 : 영아 산통은 잘 설명되지 않는 울음을 특징으로 하는, 소아과 의사가 자주 접하는 문제 중의 하나로서, 환아 및 가족 구성원 모두에게 심각한 고통을 안겨준다. 최근의 보고에서 경구로 투여된 sucrose가 어린 영아에게 진통 효과가 있고 이러한 진통 효과가 영아 산통의 치료에도 효과가 있다고 보고하였다. 저자들은 sucrose가 주성분이면서 일상생활에서 흔히 얻을 수 있는 설탕이 영아 산통의 치료에 있어서도 진통 효과를 나타내는 지를 알아보기 위하여 본 연구를 시도하였다. 방 법 : 부산 대동병원 응급실 및 외래 방문한 환아들 중 영아 산통을 가지고 있는 건강한 4-12주의 만삭아를 대상으로 삼았다. 보호자들에게는 적절한 설명과 교육이 이루어졌고, 각 군은 증상이 발생시에 10% 설탕물 2 mL 혹은 증류수 2 mL를 각각 투여하였다. 보호자는 하루 당 총 울음시간, 자정과 오전 6시 사이에 울면서 일어나는 횟수, 투약 후 울음이 그칠 때까지의 시간, 다른 증상의 발현 유무를 포함한 부모의 주관적인 판단에 기초한 5단계의 영아 산통 호전 점수가 기록되어있는 7일간의 보호자용 달력이 제공되었다. 모든 자료는 보호자용 달력과 면담을 통해 분석되었고, 면담자에겐 그 환아가 속해있는 군에 대해서 어떤 정보도 주어지지 않았다. 결 과 : 1주일간의 치료 후 자다가 깨어나는 횟수 변화의 있어서는 설탕군에서 $-1{\pm}1.2$회, 대조군에서 $0.47{\pm}1.07$회로 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 그러나, 하루 중 총 우는 시간의 변화에서 설탕군은 $-1.58{\pm}1.43$시간, 대조군은 $-0.65{\pm}1.27$시간(P=0.045) 이었으며, 영아 산통 호전 점수에 있어서도 설탕군에서 $1.26{\pm}1.24$, 대조군에서 0.41${\pm}0.80$(P=0.019)로 설탕군에서 대조군에 비해 통계적으로 의미 있게 나타났다. 설탕군내에서 부모가 증상 호전이 있다고 대답한 11명의 환아와 그렇지 않은 8명의 환아들간의 나이에 따른 비교에서, 효과를 보인 군은 $45.67{\pm}7.49$일, 효과를 보이지 않은 군은 $55.75{\pm}10.44$일(P=0.038)일로 나이가 어릴수록 설탕에 대한 동통 감소 효과가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 결 론: 이상의 연구에서 영아 산통을 가진 환아에게 단순히 설탕물을 투여하는 것만으로도 통증 감소에 효과가 있는 것으로 생각되며, 좀더 체계적이고 과학적이며 광범위한 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.