• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.285-293
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• 2021

The construction of underground structures such as power supply lines, communication lines, utility tunnels has significantly increased worldwide for improving urban aesthetics ensuring citizen safety, and efficient use of underground space. Those underground structures are usually constructed along with vertical cylindrical shafts to facilitate their construction and maintenance. When constructing a vertical shaft through the open-cut method, the walls are mostly designed to be flexible, allowing a certain level of displacement. The earth pressure applied to the flexible walls acts as an external force and its accurate estimation is essential for reasonable and economical structure design. The earth pressure applied to the flexible wall is closely interrelated to the displacement of the surrounding ground. This study simulated stepwise excavation for constructing a cylindrical vertical shaft through a centrifugal model experiment. One quadrant of the axisymmetric vertical shaft and the ground were modeled, and ground excavation was simulated by shrinking the vertical shaft. The deformation occurring on the entire ground during the excavation was continuously evaluated through digital image analysis. The digital image analysis evaluated complex ground deformation which varied with wall displacement, distance from the wall, and ground depth. When the ground deformation data accumulate through the method used in this study, they can be used for developing shaft wall models in future for analyzing the earth pressure acting on them.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.87-102
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• 2023

The cover plate and the building loads often make the semi-covered deep excavations with existing buildings bearing asymmetric load, presenting different deformation characteristics with normal excavations, which is not absolutely clear in current studies. Based on a typical engineering, the building storeys, the basement storeys, the pile length, the existence of the cover plate (CP) and the depth of the diaphragm walls (DW) were selected as variables, and 44 groups of simulation were designed to study the influence of existing buildings and the semi-covered supporting system on the deformation of the excavations. The results showed that the maximum lateral displacement of DW, δ_hm, and the depth of δ_hm, H_m, are affected seriously by the building storeys and the basement storeys. Asymmetric structures and loading lead to certain lateral displacement of DW at the beginning of excavation, resulting in different relationships between δ_hm and excavation depth, H. The maximum surface settlement outside the pit, δ_vm, increases significantly and the location, d_m, moves away from the pit with the building storeys increases. δ_vm has a quadratic correlation with H due to the existing buildings. CP and building load will affect the style of the lateral displacement curve of DW seriously in different aspects.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 춘계 학술발표회
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• pp.1433-1437
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• 2010

The deep excavation work in Korean downtown is almost excuted near by existing structures and utility lines because of the diminution of available yard for construction. So, it was required more and more that the accurate control of displacement on the earth retaining system for minimizing the popular complaint and the damage from constructional accident. Automatic monitoring system is adopted in fracture zone for real time monitoring. In addition, Face mapping is carried out on the face of fracture zone according to excavation sequence. As the result of automatic monitoring system and face mapping, we was able to take the necessary reinforcement and changing excavation method within suitable time. This paper is informed about a stability case on the deep rock excavation site with fracture zone in urban area by automatic monitoring system.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.640-655
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• 2018

최근 도심지 공사가 급증하여 기존 지하구조물의 상부에서 지반굴착 공사가 빈번하게 이루어지고 있다. 특히 지반굴착 후 구조물이 시공되는 경우 굴착 저면 하부 지반 내에서 하중 제하, 재하 과정이 반복되므로 기존 지하구조물에 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 따라서 지반굴착으로 인한 기존 지하구조물의 안정을 유지하기 위해서는 인접부에서의 굴착 및 구조물 하중에 의한 영향을 정확히 파악해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 기존터널 상부에 지반 굴착 및 신규 구조물 하중이 가해지는 경우를 실험적으로 구현하여 인접시공이 기존 터널에 미치는 영향을 파악하였다. 이를 위해 실제 크기의 1/5로 축소한 대형모형시험기를 제작하여 굴착저면과 터널 천단 간의 거리를 일정하게 유지한 체 지반굴착, 구조물 하중의 폭, 기존 터널 중심과 지반 굴착 저면 중심과의 이격거리에 따른 영향을 파악하였다. 연구 결과, 동일 하중 크기에 대하여 굴착 깊이가 깊어질수록 기존 터널에 더 큰 영향을 작용하는 것을 확인하였다. 동일 이격거리에서 기존 터널에 영향은 건물하중 폭 증가에 따라 터널 내공변위가 최대 3배까지 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 건물하중 폭의 영향이 굴착 깊이보다 더 크게 나타났다. 또한 수평으로 이격하는 경우는 터널 중심에서 1.0D 이격되면 터널 천단변위가 48% 감소하는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 이로부터 기존 터널 상부에 터파기 시공 위치에 따른 영향이 가장 크게 발생하는 위치는 1.0D (D: 터널직경)인 것으로 확인하였다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2011년도 정기총회 및 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.2393-2399
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• 2011

In the case where the bottom of railroad is penetrated by non-excavation construction method, the design is performed based on the assumption that there is no displacement and no change of stress However, measurement data showed that reduction of earth pressure and relaxation of stress take place by the displacement. In this study, we investigated the earth pressure on the structure under the railroad constructed by a non-excavation method and the stress relaxation region. The design based on earth pressure is non-economical because it is an over design. Relaxation of stress may lead to road base settlement and rail irregularly due to the reduced railroad supporting stiffness, to ballast crack in the case of concrete roadbed. The result showed that it is reasonable to set the stress on the structures as active earth pressure not as earth pressure at rest. Additionally, the study on the stress relaxation region identified the regions that should be supported in future construction by a non-excavation method.

• International Journal of Railway
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2013

In this study, numerical analysis and model experiments were conducted to analyze behavioral characteristics acting on the track roadbed with excavation through steel pipe injection, a non-exclusive method of crossing construction under railroad as primary target. In model experiments that simulate injection excavation behaviors with an increase in the depth of soil cover, the upper displacement was measured by construction of the first and the second pipes in order to predict actual behaviors, and the behavior characteristics were verified through numerical analysis. The investigation results showed that surface displacement was smaller under the condition of higher soil cover. In the case of injecting two pipes, when the first pipe was injected, deformation of the surface increased linearly in both settlement and uplift experiments. However, when the second pipe was injected, the amount of change was found to be very small due to the relaxation and plastic zones around the first pipe. In addition, the results of numerical analysis on the same cross section with the model experiment found that the results of investigation into settlement ratio and volume loss were in very good agreement with those obtained by the model experiment.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.31-48
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• 2024

To stabilize the excavations in urban area, soil anchorage is among the very common methods in geotechnical engineering. A more efficient deformation analysis can potentially lead to cost-effective and safer designs. To this end, a total of 116 three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) models of a deep excavation supported by tie-back wall system were analyzed in this study. An initial validation was conducted through examination of the results against the Texas A&M excavation cases. After the validation step, an extensive parametric study was carried out to cover significant design parameters of tie-back wall system in deep excavations. The numerical results indicated that the maximum horizontal displacement values of the wall (δ_hm) and maximum surface settlement (δ_vm) increase by an increase in the value of ground anchors inclination relative to the horizon. Additionally, a change in the wall embedment depth was found to be contributing more to δ_vm than to δ_hm. Based on the 3D FE analysis results, two simple equations are proposed to estimate excavation deformations for different scenarios in which the geometric configuration parameters are taken into account. The model proposed in this study can help the engineers to have a better understanding of the behavior of such systems.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2018

제한된 토지의 효율적인 활용을 위해 과거로부터 지하공간 개발에 따라 수많은 지반굴착 공사가 이루어져 왔다. 지반굴착은 굴착면 주변지반의 응력변화와 변위를 수반함에 따라 굴착면의 안정성에 영향을 미치게 되어 지반거동에 대한 영향을 예측하는 것이 매우 중요한 문제이다. 이러한 영향 예측을 위한 방법으로 수치해석방법이 주로 이용되며, 최근 컴퓨터 성능 향상과 더불어 수치해석 프로그램의 발달로 매우 복잡한 문제도 적용이 가능해졌다. 그러나 일부 특수해석을 제외하고 대부분 해석모델을 산정 및 적용이 간편한 Mohr-Coulomb 해석모델을 적용함에 따라 굴착면 바닥부에서 실제보다 큰 변위가 발생하는 것으로 예측되어 필요 이상의 보강이 이루어지는 문제점이 발생한다. 본 연구에서는 지반굴착 과정을 모사하여 수치해석을 수행하였으며, 해석모델로 Mohr-Coulomb, Modified Mohr-Coulomb, Duncan-Chang, Hardening Soil 해석모델을 적용하여 그 결과를 비교분석하였다. 본 연구는 수치해석을 통한 지반굴착 문제해결 시 다양한 지반굴착 조건별로 적합한 해석모델 선정을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.477-482
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• 2022

분기기 궤도구조는 매우 복잡한 구조와 다양한 구성품으로 구성되어 일반 궤도보다 유지관리가 어렵고 보다 상세한 관리기준이 필요한 철도시설물이다. 본 연구의 목적은 공용중인 도시철도 선로와 인접한 굴착공사에 따른 지상부 분기기 궤도구조의 변형에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 인접굴착 시공단계별 수치해석을 바탕으로 지상구간에 부설된 분기기 궤도선형을 고려한 주요위치별 궤도변형을 분석하였으며 이를 궤도틀림 기준과 비교하여 안전성을 확인하였다. 분석결과, 지상 분기기 궤도변형에 영향을 미치는 주요 시공단계는 굴착 최종 단계로 나타났으며, 면(고저)틀림인 연직변위가 상대적으로 크게 발생하였으나, 전체적으로는 수평방향의 변형이 지배적인 것으로 분석되었다. 이는 굴착 현장이 분기기 측면에 위치하는 측방굴착의 영향인 것으로 판단된다. 또한 분기기 주요위치별 변형량이 상이하고 굴착현장과의 이격거리에 따른 위치별 궤도변형의 편차가 발생하여 평면성틀림이 발생될 소지가 있을 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 현재 발생된 궤도틀림을 바탕으로 인접굴착에 따른 추가적인 변위를 포함한 실 운행선 분기기 궤도구조의 궤도변형을 주요변형 특성이 발생되는 위치별로 중요도를 구분하여 별도의 관리가 필요한 것으로 분석되었다.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.132-141
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• 1993

Laboratory and field tests were performed to find out the effectiveness of ground improvement by grouting for an urban subway tunnel that was excavated in weak rock by the NATM. Field measurements were carried out to monitor the behavior of rock mass around the tunnel and to ensure the validity of the current design of the distance form the measuring points to the tunnel face. The final converged displacement and the peroid were predicted using the gamma function. It was found that the ground improvement in terms of reduced permeability and increased stength in the self-supportability of the excavation face enabled the NATM applied in poor gorund. As the result of applying the gamma function to the predicting of displacement, the final displacement including the preceding one and the converged period could be approximately predicted at the early excavation stage.