• 보존과학연구
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• 통권24호
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• pp.187-213
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• 2003

Sungseonsa Temple site in Chungju city in Chungcheongbuk-doProvince is written in "Goryeosa" as a building for Queen Sinmyeongsunseong, the mother of Gwangjong in AD 954 in Goryeo Dynasty. The museum in Chungcheong University takes charge of the excavation for 3 times from 2000 to 2002 and identified that its construction was carried out till Joseon Dynasty. Among the iron artifacts from the first excavation such as a weeding hoe, a hand knife, a lock, two nails and a plow which had conservation treatments, the sample was collected. Its micro-structure and method of manufacture were investigated. Excavation report for those artifacts has not published yet, therefore, the date of each artifacts is not clearly confirmed. The samples were collected from each part of the objects and then embedded in epoxy resin and etched with nitric acid. The examination of its microstructure is carried out under the microscope and the hardness values were measured by Vickers hardness tester. From the results, some artifacts show different manufacture method sin the each parts. The forming processes of the iron weeding hoe and the iron sickle are similar but the blade of iron weeding hoe was strengthened by carbonization whereas the blade of the iron sickle was done by quenching. The hand knife and the nails were produced through almost same methods and shows similar microstructures. The hand knife seems to be made by repeated beating and folding in low temperature resulting in fine crystallization, but the nail shows large crystallization due to processes in high temperature. Lock is made of white cast iron, that does not show any heat treatment.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제20권
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• pp.67-80
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• 2007

이천 설봉산성은 경기도 이천시 사음동에 소재하는 석성으로 단국대학교 박물관에 의한 발굴조사 결과 4세기 후반의 백제시대로 편년되었다. 출토 유물은 토기, 기와, 자기, 금속유물 등 다양한 종류를 나타내며 특히 백제 토기가 출토된 토광에서 철제유물이 다량으로 수습됨으로써 철기가 백제시대에 제작되었음을 알 수 있다. 이중 철제 낫 6점(벌낫 2점, 밀낫 4점)을 대상으로 시편을 채취하여 미세조직을 분석하고 이를 근거로 유물 제작에 사용된 철 소재, 성형, 제강법, 열처리 등을 살펴보았다. 이를 통해 산성이 속한 4세기 후반 백제의 철기 제작공정 체계를 설정하였다. 그 결과 낫의 용도에 따라 부위별로 다른 처리를 한 것을 알 수 있었다. 벌낫은 날 부위에 담금질을 하여 강도를 요구하는 특별한 용도로 사용되었고 밀낫은 특별한 처리를 실시하지 않아 벼나 풀을 베는데 사용되었던 것으로 추정된다. 사용 소재는 강으로 미리 어떤 제강법으로 강을 만들고 이를 성형하여 철기를 제작하였고 특별한 강도가 요구되는 부위는 열처리를 실시하여 단단하게 하였다. 이상의 결과로 당시 백제 철기의 제작공정은 제강$\rightarrow$성형$\rightarrow$열처리 과정이 적용된 것을 알 수 있다.

• 박물관보존과학
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• 제30권
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• pp.89-100
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• 2023

박물관 소장품은 다양한 재질로 구성되어 있으며, 유형과 제작 물성에 따른 다양한 과학적 조사가 이루어지고 있으나, 초소형 유물에 대한 연구는 미진하다. 본 연구에서는 금령총에서 출토된 백색 초소형 물질의 재료학적 특성을 파악하기 위해 다양한 비파괴 조사(비중측정, 현미경조사, Nano CT, SEM-EDS, XRD, RAMAN)를 실시하였으며, 선행연구된 고려시대 복장품과 비교 검토하였다. 비파괴조사 결과, 탄산칼슘(CaCO₃)을 주성분으로 하는 아라고나이트(Aragonite)가 주구성광물로 확인되었으며, 진주의 성장선이 관찰되어 보석인 진주로 확인되었다. 본 연구를 통해 고대 한반도에서 진주의 출현시기를 6세기로 확인하였으며, 향후 백색의 초소형 물질에 대한 과학적 검토를 통해 당시 사회문화에 대한 정보를 획득할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2016

전북 순창 동촌유적 출토 청동기 4점에서 수습한 극미량의 시료를 대상으로 청동기 제작에 사용된 원료의 산지를 규명하고자 하였다. 납동위원소비 분석 결과를 동북아지역 방연석 광산 분포도 및 한반도 납동위원소 분포도와 비교한 결과 동부는 출토지와 인접한 옥천변성대 및 영남육괴지역, 나머지 3점은 중국 북부의 원료를 사용하였을 것으로 추정할 수 있다. 또한 익산 용제리유적 출토 세형동검 및 완주 덕동유적 출토 청동기 일부와 동촌유적 출토 동부의 경우 원료 산지 분석 결과가 일치하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 인근의 유사 지역에서 입수한 원료를 사용하였거나 동일한 공방에서 제작하여 여러 지역으로 전파되었을 것으로 추정된다. 향후 유사지역 출토 청동기의 원료 산지에 대한 추가 연구와 더불어 본 연구결과를 참고자료로 활용하여 초기철기시대 전북지역 청동기의 원료 산지 및 유통 과정에 대한 정보를 얻을 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.259-271
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• 2018

Outdoor copper alloy is exposed to the atmospheric environment, accelerating corrosion progress compared with indoor copper alloy. In order to prevent corrosion, the outdoor copper alloy is coated with wax to block external corrosion factors. However, corrosion of the inside of the coating film is highly likely to continue without the internal corrosion prevention treatment. B.T.A, which is used as a copper alloy water-soluble corrosion inhibitor, has a high possibility of being harmful to the human body and is mainly used to treat excavated artifacts. This study had selected the water-soluble corrosion inhibitor, which was easier to use than the existing wax and B.T.A being used in corrosion inhibition treatment for outdoor copper alloy. A comparative study was conducted on B.T.A, which is a water-soluble corrosion inhibitor used on excavated artifacts, and $VCI^{(R)}$, $Rus^{(R)}$, and L-cys, an amino acid corrosion inhibitor, used for tin bronze test pieces. The experimental method was conducted for a certain period of time with the salt, acid, and air pollution affecting the corrosion of outdoor copper alloy. Based on experiment results, it was concluded that the best water - soluble copper alloy corrosion inhibitor in the atmospheric environment is $VCI^{(R)}$. and it could be considered to be applied in replacement of B.T.A due to its low harmfulness. In addition, $VCI^{(R)}$ is judged to serve as a corrosion inhibitor for outdoor copper alloy because it showed the best result even in the outdoor exposure test which is a real atmospheric environment.

• 보존과학연구
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• 통권21호
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• pp.77-99
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• 2000

Tumuli located in Chodang-dong in Kangreung City are sitesexcavated by the Museum of Kangreung University in 1993.Ofthese sites, a gilt bronze crown and gilt bronze sword with ring pommel with a tri-leaf ornament were excavated from the B-16tumulus. Underneath the gilt bronze crown was the gilt bronzes word with ring pommel with tri-leaf ornament, and these artifacts were treated with Polyurethane foams on the spot followed by special measures for conservation. This manuscript describes measures for conservation andanalysis with regard to the gilt bronze crown, gilt bronze sword with ring pommel with tri-leaf ornament and gilt bronze beltornaments. Bronze on the gilt bronze crown was completely corroded, therefore it was consolidated together with soil in the back of the artifact with Paraloid B72 after cleaning. Polyurethanefoams bottom was finished by applying the mixture of Epoxy resinAW106 and HV935K with soil. On the sword with ring pommel, the wooden part of the hilt was coated with Paraloid B72 (in Xylene) and the blade was consolidated with Paraloid NAD-10 30% after desalting with Sodium sesquicarbonate method. The gilt bronzebelt ornaments were treated with 3% Benzotriazole, coated with Paraloid B72 and then joined by using Cyanlacrylate. Specimens for the gilt bronze crown and gilt bronze belt ornaments were produced and gilding layers were examined under a metallographic microscope. The gilt bronze crown and the gilt bronze belt ornament maintained relatively good gilding quality with uniform gilding layers. Analysis of wood for the sheath of the sword with ring pommel revealed it to be Juglans mandshurica. Further more, analysis of constituents for a blue colored grassbead from dissolution of Polyurethane foams found it to be from the $Na_2O$-CaO-$AI_2O_3$-$SiO_2$ family.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.4-11
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 태안 마도해역에서 출수된 고려시대 청동숟가락 8점의 양식을 비교하고, 생산지와 출수지와의 관계를 파악하기 위한 성분분석 및 납동위원소비 분석을 실시하였다. 출수 청동숟가락의 술잎은 대부분이 타원형이었으며 술총은 능형과 연미형으로 구분된다. 청동숟가락은 구리(Cu)와 주석(Sn)의 2원계 합금으로 제작되어 납(Pb)이 인위적으로 첨가되지 않음을 확인할 수 있다. 같은 유물일지라도 시험편 채취 후 분석위치에 따라 미량원소 성분변화가 다르게 나타남을 알 수 있으며, 미량원소 중 은(Ag)이 높게 부화되는 것을 확인할 수 있다. 출수 청동숟가락의 납동위원소비 분석결과 충청남북도, 전라남북도를 포함하는 zone 3에서 원료를 공급 받았음을 알 수 있다. 청동제작에 사용되는 원료 광석의 미량원소 분석결과가 축적된다면 납동위원소비와 더불어 산지추정에 좋은 인자가 될 것으로 사료된다.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.209-216
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• 2019

청주 송절동유적 출토 마형대구 29점의 납동위원소비 분석결과를 활용하여 납의 원료산지를 확인하고, 출토지와의 연관성을 확인하고자 하였다. 먼저 동북아시아 방연석 분포도(Mabuchi, 1985) 대입결과 대부분 중국 남부영역 내에서 매우 밀집한 분포 경향성을 나타내었으며, 한반도 납동위원소 분포도 적용결과 전라도와 충청도 지역에 해당하는 영남육괴 및 옥천변성대 지역인 Zone 3으로 확인되었다. 따라서 청주 송절동유적 출토 마형대구는 출토지와 유사한 지역에 위치한 방연석 광산에서 채취한 원료를 사용하여 제작하였을 것으로 볼 수 있다. 이와 함께 한반도 마형대구 출토 중심지역에 해당하는 중서부지역의 미호천유역 및 안성천유역 출토 마형대구 38점의 납동위원소비 분석결과와 비교하여 해당 문화권 내 마형대구 제작에 사용된 납 원료산지의 연관성 및 지역적 특성을 확인하였다. 향후 시대적 지역적 특성을 나타내는 마형대구를 대상으로 한 납동위원소비 분석결과를 축적하여 추가적인 원료산지 비교분석 연구를 통해 한반도 출토 마형대구의 납 원료산지에 대한 종합적인 정보를 얻을 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.871-880
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• 2015

Buddhist culture had a significant impact on the entire mode of Korean living after the introduction of Buddhism to Korea in the Three Kingdom Period. Baekje embraced Buddhism in 384 A.D.; subsequently, diverse artifacts have now been excavated from the temples. Various research on Korean temples are now in progress; however there is inadequate research on the relics and patterns excavated from the temples due to the focus on the temples’ architectural form. There is limited research on the development of fashion cultural products that use relics excavated from the temples. This study develops designs for fashion cultural products using Baekje Sabi Period relics; specifically, the sari container excavated from Buyeo’s Wangheungsaji, Neungsanrisaji, and Iksan’s Mireuksaji. The sari container’s original form, patterns, and writing were developed into patterns and applied to fashion products such as t-shirts, bags and scarves. Traditional multicolored paintwork exhibited on the temples, ‘dancheong’, was selected as the color for products that can symbolically express the nature of their origin. Adobe Illustrator CC and Adobe Photoshop CC were used to extract the motifs and develop the designs. Six patterns and nine fashion products were designed, accounting for a total of fifteen developed items. We hope that the fashion cultural product design expresses the distinct characteristics of Baekje’s Sabi Period and can be applied to various products and related fields.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.23-38
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• 2006

During the repair and restoration of the Daewoongjeon Hall of Youngguksa Temple, species identification and tree-ring dating for both present wood elements and charred ones excavated under the Hall, were conducted. The species of 74 wood elements of Daewoongjeon Hall, were identified as Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc. and only 1 was identified as exotic Pinus species. The latter wood, which was used in the laths, seems to have been replaced during past repairs. Many documentary records and various artifacts pertaining to Youngguksa Temple are being excavated, but none described precisely the construction date of the present Daewoongjeon Hall. Also, from beneath the Daewoongjeon Hall, cornerstone and foundation of previous building and several charred wood elements were excavated. In comparing the direction of the stone columns of foundation of the previous structure and the existing Daewoongjeon Hall, the previous structure was rotated in an angle of approximately $15^{\circ}$. Therefore, in order to find the association of the previous structure with the present Daewoongjeon Hall, tree-ring dating was conducted. The dating of 41 original timbers and 14 roof-filling timbers of the present construction elements revealed that the last annual ring was of A. D. 1703 with complete latewood, indicating that those woods was cut some time between the autumn of 1703 and spring of 1704, and the building was erected in 1704 when we assume no period of wood storage. The year of the last annual ring of the charred elements, which were excavated from beneath the Daewoongjeon Hall, was analyzed as 1674. The cutting year of the woods used for the present building began in 1698, therefore, it can be presumed that the Daewoongjeon Hall before the fire was a structure that was elected shortly after 1674 and that a catastrophic fire occurred some time between 1674 and 1698.