• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.617-625
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• 2016

In women's clothing the shoulders are distorted and exaggerated. Consequently, the wearers' bodies are transformed and interpreted according to modern standards. We therefore refer to this aspect of women's clothing as the power shoulder. This study aims to analyze the differences in sensibility images on variations in the shoulder shape of power shoulder jackets. Nine samples were examined that involved combinations of three variations of the shoulder height and three variations of the shoulder width. The data was evaluated by 123 fashion design majors. Four factors were selected: attractiveness, personality, activity, and self-respect. Among these factors, attractiveness is the most important. The study results indicated that changes in shoulder height acted as a major effect that had an independent influence on all four factors. In contrast, changes in shoulder width acted as a major effect that had an independent influence on attractiveness, personality, and activity but not on self-respect. It also had an influence on the interaction effect of attractiveness, personality, activity, and self-respect. We anticipate that this study will help individual customers select clothing that is suitable for their preference and body shape because it is now possible for them to estimate images of power shoulder jackets.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.67-78
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• 2000

This is a study on the art style of amimal fight in Scytian ornaments which had been popular in Steppe region of Eurasia. Animals were considered to have magical power and to provide protection against evil or disaster and representations of them thus occupied an important place in life. This style reflected the mythology, the ethical and aesthetic ideals of the warrior-nomad. With a magnificent understanding of composition and the essential nature of the material, craftsmen fashioned utilitarian objects in animal form: weaponry, horse trappings, clothes, ornaments and jewellery and other everyday objects were all decorated with zoomorphic motifs. Without copying nature, they accurately conveyed the essence of every beast depicted. The highly stylized modelling uses bold accentuated planes, while distinctive features associated with particular species are emphasized and exaggerated. The purpose and meaning of the animal motifs used in Scythian ornaments appears that in some cases the work was intended to be purely ornamental, while many times the motifs had symbolic meaning (such as the successful dominance of the aggressor over the victim portrayed in the attack scenes). Magical use of symbols may have been intended to guarantee the power of the aggressor.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.134-141
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to provide new style for fashion illustration fo different image of Korean middle aged women. The research method is as follows. First, we make basic style base on The Korea Industrial Advancement Administration\`s Korean standard stomatype. Second, it give variety to body\`s rate and make each different 8 style. The subject are 144 college students who majoring clothing, fashion design and they have responded to the questionnaires. Questionnaires were taken from April, 1998 to Jan. 1999. Data were analyzes by analysis of variance, ANOVA test, Dunkun test, SPSS. PC/sup +/. As a result of this study, we found this following conclusions, 1. Well-proportion style have the exaggerated shoulder and the extended body at the same rate below waist line than basic style. 2. Reduction and extension need stability and well balanced. 3. Fashion illustration of middle aged women\`s clothing expression is not proper too narrow width, too long length of legs. 4. To making length, it is award well-proportion have too long hand or too long arm.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.22 no.4 s.39
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• pp.855-868
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• 1992

This study was designed to test the possibility of using a standardized lateral facial photographs as a clinical tool which produce the prediction of postsurgical soft-tissue profile changes associated with surgical correction in skeletal CIII patients. The number of the patients involved in this study were 27 in total, including 11 male patients and 16 female patients. A practical method to the utilization of presurgical photo prediction for mandibular prognathic patients has been presented. To predict postoperative facial appearance, montage photographs were superimposed on standard facial reference photos taken preoperatively. Within the limitations of its technology, postoperative predictions generated by this method were of sufficient accuracy, especially mandible and chin area, for clinical use. In addition, they provide valuable communication and diagnostic information which may be used in formulating treatment plan in cases requiring corrective orthognathic surgery. But, the lip changes were somewhat exaggerated by photo prediction. Consequently, the photo prediction seems suitable for planning profile changes in orthognathic surgery that include mobilization of one main mandibular fragment. Futher investigations are needed to determine whether changes of soft-tissues and hard-tissues are sufficiently reproducible so that more meaningful predictive values can be established.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.64 no.4
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• pp.37-51
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to devise a wide range of expression and direction in fashion by analyzing the wardrobe of David Bowie, a musician who represents Glam Rock, for "glam" characteristics. Research was done using dictionaries of musical terms, dictionaries of attire terms, internet, papers and books published in Korea and abroad and other materials. The results of this study showed four characteristics, and it can be summarized as follows. First, resistance refers to the deviation from the norms set by a mainstream society. The resistance in Glam Rock was expressed in depreciative and anti-social characteristics, and Punk elements were expressed by using studs and metallic materials. Second, androgyny in David Bowie's costume expresses the innate nature of gender by freely integrating or tight silhouette costumes. Third, the fantasy in Bowie's costumes is a concept as opposed to what is real and is expressed by using avant-garde and playful expressions. Distorted, exaggerated and avant- garde expressions express decorative and bizarre fantasy by using the images of an astronaut. Fourth, the folklore in David Bowie's costumes uses the patterns and images of different cultures, and is expressed as through integration of exotic components, including the usage of costumes with Oriental colors and shapes. Furthermore it represents geometric shapes and curves, using the images of Kimono.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 1978

It has been suggested that plasma renin activity (PRA) and its response to volume depletion may be abnormal in that it shows little or exaggerated change in patients with chronic renal failure and hypertension. Intravenous furosemide stimulation test was performed in 46 control subjects and 51 patients with chronic renal failure and/or malignant hypertension in order to evaluate PRA response. In contrast to the consistent increase in PRA in control subjects (from $2.5{\pm}1.95\;to\;4.5{\pm}2.51ng/ml/hr$), no consistent increase was observed in patients with chronic renal failure, especially in those who showed favorable response to antihypertensive therapy (from $2.5{\pm}2.21\;to\;2.9{\pm}2.46ng/ml/hr$). But poor responder to antihypertensive treatment showed considerably higher PRA before and after furosemide stimulation (from $4.9{\pm}1.96\;to\;6.4{\pm}1.71ng/ml/hr$) than the responder group did. Moreover, this group seemed to retain the ability to increase PRA in response to intravenous furosemide stimulation. Thus it became apparent that responder group was unable to increase PRA normally in response to furosemide as well as volume depletion, while poor responder seemed to retain that ability. Thus intravenous furosemode may serve as a convenient way to differenfiate those who might be benefited by conservative antihypertensive measures from those who would require more drastic measures such as bilateral nephrectomy for their optimal blood pressure control.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.217-219
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• 2010

Spasticity is a motor disorder characterized by a velocity dependent increase in muscle tone with exaggerated tendon jerks, resulting from hyper-excitability of the stretch reflex. The aim of this study is to develop a portable system for quantifying the grade of spasticity which could calculate the biomechanical as well as neurophysiologic parameters, and for determining the relationship between the Tonic Stretch Reflex Threshold (TSRT) and Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS). Eleven patients with stroke participated in the study (6 males and 5 females, the average age of $64.5\pm16.0$ years). As a results, the mean and standard deviation values of the TSRT were $129.8\pm4.2$, $123.4\pm5.2$ and $119.1\pm2.6$ in the MAS 1, MAS 1+ and MAS 2 groups, respectively. Also, there was a negative correlation between the TSRT and MAS (rho=-0.72, p<0.05). This demonstrated that the TSRT could be made clinically available for the more objective and reliable evaluation of the spasticity, instead of using the conventional clinical scales and an isokinetic dynamometer.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.55-79
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• 2013

The objective of this article is to explore the economic relationship between China and the surrounding dynamic Asian economies. It delves into China's influence over the Asian economies and whether this relationship is a market-led or de facto symbiosis. The three principal channels of regional integration analyzed in this article are trade, FDI and vertically integrated production networks. They are essentially based on the activities of the private-sector in these economies. China methodically expanded and deepened its economic ties with the regional neighbors. At the present juncture, China's integration with the surrounding Asia is deep. Another issue that this article explores is the so-called China "threat" or "fear" in Asia. It implies that China is crowding out exports of the other Asian economies in the world market place. Also, as China has become the most attractive FDI destination among the developing countries, it is apprehended that China is receiving FDI at the expense of the Asian economies. These concerns were examined by several empirical studies, and the inference is that they are exaggerated. This article concludes that the private-sector business activities in China and other rapidly growing Asian economies were (and are) instrumental in bringing together the production structures and real economies. The result is both convergence and integration among the dynamic Asian economies. Over the years China and its Asian neighbors has developed a close and symbiotic economic relationship and a de facto regional integration.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.16 no.2 s.61
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• pp.303-313
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• 2007

Nowadays, according to many studies, indoor space's pollution level is two to ten times higher than outdoor space's. This result arouses our attention. The major causes of deterioration of indoor air quality are the lack of ventilation caused by draught-proofing and insulation construction, and harmful chemical substances emitted from building materials, office machine and furniture. Therefore, we are continuing research to find the method for healthful house and production of many forms of well-being goods. However, because of exaggerated advertisements and the lack of accurate information, consumers choose the products whose performance is not verified. Therefore, this study investigates the actual conditions of pollution by building materials and the extent of the health damage by this pollution, and suggests the method for minimizing indoor pollution in aspect of indoor environment control and the use of environment friendly materials. But the building materials presented in this study are limited to the environment friendly construction materials that are in circulation In domestic market because this research is primarily aimed to give domestic consumers the standard for selecting this materials.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.530-536
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• 2018

We present two cases of unexpected postoperative intractable cervicalgia due to over-sized implant insertion during simple anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF) or artificial disc replacement (ADR). These patients experienced severe cervicalgia mostly related to their neck motion even after standard cervical operations. In both cases, the restored disc heights after the operations were prominently greater than the preoperative disc heights. The patients had not responded to any of the conservative treatments, and unloading of these excessively distracted segments through ultimate revision surgery led to dramatic pain relief. This report emphasizes the increase in distractional forces that takes place after a standard ACDF or ADR, as well as the importance of a proper sized implant. It also includes the reviews of other biomechanical or clinical reports dealing with this issue, thereby cautioning the surgeons not to disregard these factors, which might have an adverse effect in patients with cervicalgia even after radiographically successful cervical procedures.