• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.641-649
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• 2017

Multivariate confidence regions were defined using a chi-square distribution function under a normal assumption and were represented with ellipse and ellipsoid types of bivariate and trivariate normal distribution functions. In this work, an alternative confidence region using the multivariate quantile vectors is proposed to define the normal distribution as well as any other distributions. These lower and upper bounds could be obtained using quantile vectors, and then the appropriate region between two bounds is referred to as the quantile confidence region. It notes that the upper and lower bounds of the bivariate and trivariate quantile confidence regions are represented as a curve and surface shapes, respectively. The quantile confidence region is obtained for various types of distribution functions that are both symmetric and asymmetric distribution functions. Then, its coverage rate is also calculated and compared. Therefore, we conclude that the quantile confidence region will be useful for the analysis of multivariate data, since it is found to have better coverage rates, even for asymmetric distributions.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.103-112
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• 2018

While the number of women labor force in Malaysia is increasing, only a few of them make it to the top. For many reasons, some women turn down top position offer and some of them refuse to stay working. Commitment to the family, work-life conflict and lack of support from the family and the colleagues are among issues that caused women to have less interest to pursue career advancement. This article examines the role of work-life balance and its relationship to women career advancement, and why both are important in Malaysia. The arguments are arranged based on a review of the previous literature to conceptualize the relationship between work-life balance and career advancement. It is found that both work-life balance and women career advancement are important to retain women in the working world as well as to motivate them to pursue promotion to a higher position. Even though some researchers agreed that the relationship between work-life balance and career advancement is mostly negative, others found positive relationship between both constructs. At the end of the paper, some suggestions on how to improve work-life balance and career advancement are presented as well as suggestion for future research.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.239-258
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• 2008

This study identifies the spectrum of different forms of sharing labor in farm houses following the increase in the production of organic produce and deals with the gender division of labor and every day life of the farm households. The increased labor burdens of organic farming give more work opportunities to wives, weakening the gender barriers. However, some of the farm households seeking for economic feasibility are strengthening the gender barriers by specialized work divisions, leading to outside order labor of harvest, sorting, and packaging in order to increase efficiency in agricultural management in extreme cases. Even in the alternative distribution system, farm households has become subject to the distribution system as it is shown that coop claimed the segmentation of sorting work. This is because the convenience of the customers goes before the advantages of producers. Jinju, seeking for economic feasibility, has established the springboard for growth by greenhouse through monoculture and specialization and are operating economic growth stably. Farm couples with this condition, where their incomes are relatively high, are attempting to recharge their energy during low seasons. It is expected that this will be a model case of conventionalization of organic farming. Significance of organic farming in this matter is discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2006.09b
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• pp.747-749
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• 2006

SMS Meer GmbH, formerly Mannesmann and today part of the SMS Group, has been building powder presses since the early 1950s. The patents developed here in this field have long since documented the pioneering work carried out for the PM industry. The paper focuses on the challenge of reconciling the contradictory demands in the production of highly complex and crack-free PM parts. The process employed with the patented Controlled Punch Adapter (CPA) [1] counters possible cracking reliably and directly at the source. In this way is it possible to develop new and highly complex parts to series production maturity in a minimum of time even without simulation of the press cycle [2]. The quality data achieved in the production series, almost 100% crack and micro crack-free green parts with optimum density distribution over all press levels is unrivalled and thus gives the user a clear lead over the competition.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.421-424
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• 2000

Cartilage injuries are frequent nowadays. The previous surgical treatment of cartilage defect was limited. Another approach in the treatment of cartilage injuries is the use of reconstitute cartilage consisting of chondrocytes cultured in suitable biodegradable scaffolds. Current studies have demonstrated the compatibility of chondrocytes with different biomaterials and the chondrogenesis in various types of porous scaffolds. The cell ingrowth into the porous scaffolds is modulated by initial cell loading efficiency. Therefore, well-interconnected pore structure and even pore distribution of the scaffolds are essential for efficient cell seeding. According to our previous work, well-interconnected macroporous scaffolds can be prepared by gas-foaming/salt-leaching method using ammonium bicarbonate salt as porogen additives. In this work, primary chondrocytes were cultured in PLGA 65/35 scaffolds fabricated by using our method. Cells seeded in the scaffolds showed well distribution by agitated seeding method. Histochemical staining of proteoglycans present in the scaffolds was used to visualize the chondrocyte ingrowth in the scaffolds. At 3 weeks, the population of chondrocytes was increased for the most part of the scaffolds, and extra cellular matrix (ECM) secretion was increased as culture periods progressed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.1571-1583
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• 2008

The study aimed to investigate the actual condition of working clothes in the Changwon National Industrial Complex and to analyze the industrial workers' satisfaction with and preference to the working clothes in terms of the clothing performance and work motion factors. 1 major companies in machinery, automotive, industrial engineering, shipbuilding and rolling stock industries located in the industrial complex were selected as the subject firms. Approximately 900 workers responded to the questionnaire designed for the research and the results derived from the research were as follows. (1) The subject employees were divided into 4 work groups, i.e. the $1^{st}$ work group: managerial, general affairs, sales, production planning; the $2^{nd}$ group: quality assurance, material planning and distribution, product inspection; the $3^{rd}$ group: electric, facilities, machinery, vehicles; and the $4^{th}$ group: cutting, pressing, rolling, welding and coating. (2) The significant work environmental factors considered by all work groups were air ventilation, noise and dust factors and in particular, the most dissatisfied factors evaluated by manufacture workers were insulation, noise, dust and vibration. (3) According to the employees' work motion evaluation, the work motion diversity and frequency increased in proportion to the degree of work intensity. Besides, manufacture workers more frequently wore the working clothes even during the off-duty hours comparing to the evaluation of the other work groups. (4) The most important clothing performance factors considered by manufacture work groups were perspiration absorption, stretch, air permeability, tactile sense softness, soil proof in order.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.63-77
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• 2006

Maximum product of spacings estimator is proposed in this paper as a competent alternative of maximum likelihood estimator for the parameters of exponentiated-Weibull distribution, which does work even when the maximum likelihood estimator does not exist. In addition, a Bayes type estimator known as generalized maximum likelihood estimator is also obtained for both of the shape parameters of the aforesaid distribution. Though, the closed form solutions for these proposed estimators do not exist yet these can be obtained by simple appropriate numerical techniques. The relative performances of estimators are compared on the basis of their relative risk efficiencies obtained under symmetric and asymmetric losses. An example based on simulated data is considered for illustration.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.194-198
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• 2023

The current electricity networks will undergo profound changes in the years to come to be able to meet the growing demand for electricity, while minimizing the costs of consumers and producers, etc. The electricity network of tomorrow or even the intelligent « Smart Grids » network will be the convergence of two networks: the electricity network and the telecommunications network. In this context falls our work which aims to study the impact of the integration of energy decentralization into the electricity network. In this sense, we have implemented a new smart grid model where several coexisting suppliers can exchange information with consumers in real time. In addition, a new approach to energy distribution optimization has been developed. The simulation results prove the effectiveness of this approach in improving energy exchange and minimizing consumer purchase costs and line losses.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.285-294
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• 2014

The uneven mass distribution of the Moon highly perturbs the lunar spacecrafts. This uneven mass distribution leads to peculiar dynamical features of the lunar orbiters. The critical inclination is the value of inclination which keeps the deviation of the argument of pericentre from the initial values to be zero. Considerable investigations have been performed for critical inclination when the gravity field is assumed to be symmetric around the equator, namely for oblate gravity field to which Earth's satellites are most likely to be subjected. But in the case of a lunar orbiter, the gravity field of mass distribution is rather asymmetric, that is, sectorial, and tesseral, harmonic coefficients are big enough so they can't be neglected. In the present work, the effects of the first sectorial and tesseral harmonic coefficients in addition to the first zonal harmonic coefficients on the critical inclination of a lunar artificial satellite are investigated. The study is carried out using the Hamiltonian framework. The Hamiltonian of the problem is cconstructed and the short periodic terms are eliminated using Delaunay canonical variables. Considering the above perturbations, numerical simulations for a hypothetical lunar orbiter are presented. Finally, this study reveals that the critical inclination is quite different from the critical inclination of traditional sense and/or even has multiple solutions. Consequently, different families of critical inclination are obtained and analyzed.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.19-25
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• 2013

Extrusion is one of the most important operations in the polymer-processing industry. Balancing the distribution of flow through a die to achieve a uniform velocity distribution is the primary objective and one of the most difficult tasks of extrusion die design. If the manifold in a coat-hanger die is not properly designed, the exit velocity distribution may be not uniform; this can affect the thickness across the width of the die. Yet, no procedure is known to optimize the coat hanger die with respect to an even velocity profile at the exit. While optimizing the exit velocity distribution, the constraint optimization used in this work with allowable pressure drop in the die; according to this constraint we can control the pressure in the die. The computational approach incorporates three-dimensional finite element simulations software STAR-CCM+. These simulations are used with numerical optimization to design polymer coat hanger dies with pressure drop, uniform velocity and temperature variation across the die exit.