• 제목/요약/키워드: Evaluation of teaching

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기초학력 보장을 위한 과학과 최소한의 성취기준에 대한 과학 교사들의 인식 (Science Teachers' Awareness of the Criteria for Minimum Achievement Standards in Science to Support Basic Skills)

  • 유은정;이태경
    • 한국과학교육학회지
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    • 제43권3호
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    • pp.265-276
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    • 2023
  • 본 연구의 목적은 과학과 기초학력이 부족한 학생들이 공통 교육과정을 이수하는 동안 최소한의 과학 학습 능력을 갖출 수 있도록 기초학력 보장 방안을 마련하는데 있다. 이를 위해, 기초학력 관련 연구 및 지도 경험이 있는 초·중등 과학 교사 27명을 대상으로 설문 조사를 실시하고 합의적 질적 연구방법(Consensual Qualitative Research: CQR)과 계층화 분석법(Analytic Hierarchy Process: AHP)을 활용하여 '최소한의 성취기준'에 대한 현장 과학 교사들의 인식을 살펴보았다. 연구 결과, 초·중등 과학교사들은 과학 학습지원대상 학생들에 대해 과학 학습 역량이 부족하고, 과학 학습 결손이 누적되어 있으며, 기본적인 학습을 위한 준비도가 부족하다고 응답하였다. 그러나 과학과 기초학력 부족학생의 학습 특징에 대해 초·중등 교사들이 주목하는 특징이 다소 상이하게 나타났는데, 중등 교사들은 낮은 학습 동기와 과학적 기호 사용의 어려움에, 초등 교사들은 과학 태도나 경험부족을 더욱 민감하게 인식하고 있는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 기초학력 보장을 위한 최소한의 성취기준 준거 설정에 대한 우선순위에서도 범주별 항목의 우선순위가 학교급별로 상이함을 발견할 수 있었다. 이는 과학과 기초학력 보장을 위한 최소한의 성취기준 개발 시 고려요소에 대해 과학 교사들의 기초학력 관련 전문성에 따라 다양한 입장 차가 존재하므로, 학교급에 따른 다양한 변인을 고려한 최소한의 성취기준 개발이 필요함을 의미한다. 이상의 연구 결과를 통해 기초학력이 부족한 학생들의 개인별 맥락과 처한 상황의 다양성을 고려한 기초학력 지도 전문성 강화를 위한 정책적 지원이 전교과 영역에서 모색되어야 할 것이다. 나아가 기초학력이 부족한 학생 지원을 위해 공유된 비전을 명확히 하여 기초학력 보장을 위한 국가정책과 과학 교사들의 실행 간의 괴리를 줄이는 노력이 필요하다.

네트워크 텍스트 분석을 이용한 한국가정과교육학회지 논문의 연구 동향 분석 (Research Trend Analysis of Publications in the Journal of Home Economics Education Association Using Network Text Analysis)

  • 이윤정;김은정;김지선
    • 한국가정과교육학회지
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    • 제31권4호
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    • pp.1-18
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    • 2019
  • 이 연구는 네트워크 텍스트 분석을 이용하여 가정과교육 분야의 연구동향을 분석하였다. 2003년 7월부터 2018년 12월 사이에 한국가정과교육학회지에 게재된 586편의 논문의 주제를 소셜 네트워크 분석프로그램인 Netminer 4의 텍스트분석 도구를 이용하여 주제어들의 출현빈도와 중심성 분석(연결중심성, 근접중심성, 매개중심성), 시기별 LDA 분석 등을 실시하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 전반적으로 출현 빈도가 높은 단어들은 부모, 문화, 단원, 건강, 진로, 소비, 실천성 등이었다. 주제어 네트워크 분석 결과, 연결중심성은 부모, 관리가 가장 높았고, 근접중심성은 부모, 남학생, 매개중심성은 남학생, 단원 등이 가장 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 2003년부터 2018년까지의 연구를 4개 시기로 나누어 중심성 분석을 실시한 결과, 네 시기 모두 교육, 가정, 목적, 수업, 중학교, 학교 등 출현 빈도수가 높은 단어들은 유사하였으나, 시기별로는 제3, 제4시기에는 '목적'이라는 단어가, 제4시기에는 '과정' 이라는 단어가 두드러지게 나타났다. 셋째, 시기별 중심성 분석 결과 중심성의 종류와 무관하게 각 시기에 중요한 역할을 하는 단어들은 일정한 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, LDA 분석을 통한 토픽 변화를 분석하였을 때 교육과정, 교과서, 가족건강성, 교수학습, 평가, 식생활, 외모관리, 소비 등은 모든 시기에 지속적으로 등장하였다. 4개 시기의 토픽은 점차 다양화되고, 세분화되며, 심화되는 경향을 보였다. 연구를 통해 교육과정의 변화와 국가정책이 반영되어 새롭게 등장한 토픽인 교사연수와 안전이 주제어로 도출되었으며, 상대적으로 연구의 관심이 낮았던 토픽은 주거임이 드러나 학자들의 관심과 연구 활성화가 요구된다고 할 것이다. 이 연구는 2000년대 이후 한국가정과교육학계에서 이루어진 연구들의 주요 관심사를 파악할 수 있었다는 점과 관심사들의 순위를 제시하였다는 점에서 의미가 있다.

산욕초기 초산모의 간호목표달성방번 합의가 어머니 역할수행에 대한 자신감 및 만족도에 미치는 영향에 관한 실험적 연구 (An experimental study on the impact of an agreement on the means to achieve nursing goals in the early postpartum period of primiparous mothers and enhance their self-confidence and satisfaction in maternal role performance)

  • 이영은
    • 대한간호학회지
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    • 제22권1호
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    • pp.81-115
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    • 1992
  • The problem addressed by this study was to determine the effect of nurse - patient agreement on the means to achieve nursing goals in the early postpartum period of primiparous mothers. It was hypothesized that the experimental treatment would result in hegher self-confidence and satisfaction in maternal role performance. This purpose was to contribute to the planning of nursing care to enhance self- confidence and satisfaction in maternal role performance and to the development of relevant nursing theory. Especially, the early postpartum period is crucial toward in recovery from childbirth and attainment of the maternal role. Maternal role attaintment is a complex social and cognitive process of stimulus -response accomplished by learning. Most women attain the maternal role sucessfully. But, some primiparous mothers experience difficultites in attainment of the maternal role due to lack of experience and knowledge. Self-confidence and satisfaction in maternal role performance are important factors in attainment and adjustment to the maternal role (Mercer, 1981a, 1981b ; Lederman, Weigarten, and Lederman, 1981 :Bobak and Jensen, 1985). Nursing is defined as behaviors of nurses add patients that attain nursing goals through action, reaction, interaction, and transaction. For attainment of nursing goals, active participating transactions must occur by agreement on the means to achieve those goals through nurse -patient mutual goal setting and establishment of their active relationships(King, 1981, Ha, 1977). Based on King's theory of goal attainment (1981), this stuy was planned as a non-equivalent control group, non -synchronized quasi -experimental design using agreement on the means to achieve nursing goals in early postpartum as the experimental treatment. The data were collected from July 20 to Sep. 1, 1991 by questionnaires with 60 primiparous mothers planing to breast feed after normal deliveries at W hospital in Pusan, Korea. The subjects were divided into a control group(conventional group) -those admitted from July 20 to Aug. 12, and an experimental group(agreement group) - those admitted from Aug. 13 to Sep. 1. The instument for agreement on the means to nursing goals in the early postpartum period included five steps - identification of disturbances of problems through action, reaction, and interaction with primiparous mothers : mutual early postpartal nursing goal setting : exploration of the means to achieve goals ; agreement on the means (self- care, ealry maternal -infant contact, performance of mothering behavior, and communicating about the infant's behavior and health condition) : implementation of the means. This instrument was developed on the basis of King's elements that lead to transactions in nurse-patient interactions. Lederman et al's (1981) scale for Confidence in ability to cope with tasks of motherhood and Lederman et al's(1981) scale for Mother's satisfaction with motherhood and infant care were used to measure self-confidence and satisfaction in maternal role performance ·with the subjects immediately after admission and on the day of discharge. Self-care performance in the experimental group was measured by self -evaluation tool developed by the investigator from the literature concerned. The tools to measure Pelf-confidence and satisfaction in maternal role performance, and the tool to measure self-evaluation of self-care performance were tested for internal reliability. Cronbach's Alphas were 0.94, 0.94, and 0.63. The data were analysed by using in S.P.S.S. computerized program and included percentage, x²-test, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The conclusions obtained from this study are summerized as follows : 1. The degree of self-confidence in maternal role performance of the total subjects group measured before the experimental treatment was above average with a mean score of 2.77(range 2.14-3.64). Out of 14 items, those with relatively high mean scores were ‘I would like to be a better mother than I am’(3.95), and ‘I have my doubts about whether I am a good mother’(2.87). Those with low mean scores were ‘I know that my baby wants most of the times’(2.28), ‘When the baby cries, I can tell what she /he wants’(2.37), and ‘I have confidence in my ability to care for the baby’(2;50). That is, the self - confidence of Primiparous mothers was considerably high in mothering, but rather low in activities concerning the infant care and understanding of the infant behavior. The degree of satisfaction in maternal role performance of the total subjects group measured before the experimental treatment was high with a mean score of 3.18(range 1.92-3.92). Out of 13 items, those with relatively high mean scores were ‘I am glad 1 had this baby now’(3.75), ‘I play with the baby between feedings when s/he is awake and quiet’(3.67), and ‘I enjoy being a mother’(3.27). Those with low mean scores were ‘I am upset about having too many responsibilities as a mother’(2.78), ‘It bothers me to get up for the baby at night’(2.82), and ‘I get annoyed if the baby frequently interrupts my activities’.(2.82), That is, the satisfaction of primiparous mothers was considerably high in mothering and infant care, but rather low in restraints in time or on the mother's self accomplishment and development. 2. Agreement on the means to achieve nursing goals in the early postpartum period included process of mutual goal setting, exploration of the means to achieve goals, and ahreement in concert means to achieve goals based on the mothers' condition, concerns, self-perception of the nurse - patient interactions. In the process of agreement, there was agreement that the means to achieve goals should be through trust and establishment of active relationships with the nurse through identification of problems according to planned nursing goals and active interaction, such as explanations, teaching, changing of opinions, acceptance or rejection of explanations, and proposing of questions. Therefore agreement on the means to achieve nursing goals in the early postpartum period appears to be an effective nursing intervention for primiparous mothers. 3. The degree of self- confidence in maternal role performance of the exprimental group was higher than that of the control group(t=3.95, p<0.01). Out of 14 items, those with higher score in the experimental group were ‘I would like to be a better mother than I am’(t=1.93, p<0.05), ‘I know that my baby wants most of the times’(t=2.75, p<0.01), ‘When the baby cries, 1 can tell what she/he wants’(t=2.10, p<0.05), ‘I have confidence in my ability to care for the baby’(t=3.72, p<0.01), ‘I trust my own judement in deciding how to care for the baby’(t=1.96, p<0.05), ‘I feel that I know my baby and what to do for him /her’(t=2.44, p<0.01), ‘I am concerned about being able to meet the baby's needs’(t=2.87, p<0.01), ‘I know what my baby likes and dislikes’(t=3.26, p<0.01), ‘I don't know to care for the baby as well as I should’(t=2.07, p<0.05), and ‘I am unsure about whether I give enough attention to the baby’(t=3.04, p<0.01), That is, the degree of self-confidence in mothering, activities concerning infant care, and understanding of infant behavior of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group. Therefore, the first hypothesis, that the degree of self-confidence in maternal role performance of the experimental group would be higher than that of the control group, was supported(t=3.95, p<0.01). 4. The degree of satisfaction in the maternal role performance of the exprimental group was higer than that or the control group(t=2.31, p<0.05). Out of 13 items, those with higher score in the experimental group were ‘I am glad I had this baby now’(t=2.29, p<0.05), ‘I enjoy taking care of the baby’(t=2.4g, p<0.01), ‘It is boring for me to care for the baby and do the same thing over and over’(t=2.87, P<0.01), ‘I am unhappy with the amount of time I have for activities other than childcare’(t=2.51, p<0.01), and ‘When bathing and diapering the baby, I would like to be doing something else’(t=2.43, p<0.01). That is, the degree of satisfaction in mothering, infant care, and restraints in time of on the mother's self accomplishment and development in the experimental group was higher than that of the control group. Therefore, the second hypothesis, that the degree of satisfaction in maternal role performance of the experimental group would be higher than that of the control group, was supported(t=2.31, p<0.05). 5. The third hypothesis, that the higher the degree of satisfaction in materenal role performance, the higher the degree of self-confidence in materenal role performance in the experimental group, was supported (r=0.57, p<0.01)

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퇴원환자의 가정간호 이용의사와 관련 요인 (A Study on the Expressed Desire at Discharge of Patients to Use Home Nursing and Affecting Factors of the Desire)

  • 이지현;이영은;이명화;손수경
    • 재활간호학회지
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    • 제2권2호
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    • pp.257-270
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    • 1999
  • The purpose of this study is to investigate factors related to the intent of using home nursing of chronic disease patients who got out of a university hospital. For the purpose, the study selected 153 patients who were hospitalized and left K university hospital with diagnoses of cancer, hypertension, diabetes and cerebral vascular accident and ordered to be discharged and performed interviews with them and surveys on their medical records to obtain the following results. For this study a direct-interview survey and medical record review was conducted from June 28 to Aug. 30, 1998. The frequency and mean values were computed to find the characteristics of the study subjects, and $X^2$-test, t-test, factor analysis and multiple logistic regession analysis were applied for the analysis of the data. The following results were obtained. 1) When characteristics of the subjects were examined, men and women occupied for 58.8% and 41.2%, respectively. The subjects were 41.3 years old in aver age and had the monthly aver age earning of 0.99 million won or below, which was the most out of the total subjects at 34.6%. Among the total, 87.6% resided in cities and 12.4 in counties. The most left the hospital with diagnosis of cancer at 51.6%, followed by hyper tension at 24.2%, diabetes at 13.7% and cerebral vascular accident at 7.2%. 2) 93.5% of the selected patients had the intent of using home nursing and 6.5%, didn't. Among those patients having the intent, 85.6% had the intent of paying for home nursing and 14.4%, didn't. The subjects expected that the nursing would be paid 9,143 won in aver age and 47.7% of them preferred national authorities as the main servers. 86.3% of the subjects thought that home nursing business had the main advantage of making it possible to learn nursing methods at home and thereby contributing to improving the ability of patients and their facilities to solve health problems. 3) Relations between the intent of use and characteristics of the subjects such as demography-related social, home environment, disease and physical function characteristics did not show statistically significant differences among one another. Compared to those who had no intent of using home nursing, the group having the intent had more cases of male patients, the age of 39 or below, residence in cities, 5 family member s or more, no existence of home nursing servers, leaving the hospital from a non-hospitalized building, disease development for five months or below, hospitalization for ten days or more, non-hospitalization with in the recent one month, two times or over of hospitalization, leaving the hospital with no demand of special treatment, operation underwent, poor results of treatment, leaving the hospital with demand of rehabilitation services, physical disablement and high evaluation point of daily life. 4) Among those patients having the intent of using home nursing, 47.6% demanded technical nursing and 55.9%, supportive nursing. As technical nursing,' inject into a blood vessel ' and 'treat pustule and teach basic prevention methods occupied for 57.4%, respectively, topping the list. Among demands of supportive nursing, 'observe patients 'status and refer them to hospitals or community resources as available, if necessary' was the most with percent age point of 59.5. Regarding the intent of paying for home nursing, 39.2% of those patients wishing to use the nursing responded paying for technical services and 20.2, supportive services. In detail, 70.0% wanted to pay for a service stated as 'inject into a blood vessel', highest among the former services and 30.7%, a service referred to as 'teaching exercises needed to make the body of patients move', highest among the latter. When this was analyzed in terms of a relation between the need(the need for home nursing) and the demand(the intent of paying for home nursing), The rate of the need to the demand was found two or three times higher in technical nursing(0.82) than in supportive nursing(0.35). In aspects of tech ical nursing, muscle injection(1.26, the 1st rank) was highest in the rate while among aspects of supportive nursing, a service referred to as 'teach exercises needed for making patients move their bodies normally'(0.58, the 1st rank). 5) factors I(satisfaction with hospital services), II(recognition of disease state), III(economy) and IV(period of disease) occupied for 34.4, 13.8, 11.9 and 9.2 percents, respectively among factors related to the intent by the subjects of using home nursing, totaled 59.3%. In conclusion, most of chronic disease patients have the intent of using hospital-based home nursing and satisfaction with hospital services is a factor affecting the intent most. Thus a post-management system is needed to continue providing health management to those patients after they leave the hospital. Further, supportive services should be provided in order that those who are satisfied with hospital services return to their community and live their in dependent lives. Based on these results, the researcher would make the following recommendation. 1) Because home nursing becomes more and more needed due to a sharp increase in chronic disease patients and elderly people, related rules and regulations should be made and implemented. 2) Hospital nurses specializing in home nursing should be cultivated.

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간호기록지를 통해서 본 간호과정 적용효과에 관한 연구(간호전문대학을 중심으로) (A Study on Effects of Application of Nursing Process by Nursing Profess notes.(School of nursing))

  • 최상순;조희숙;백승남
    • 대한간호학회지
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    • 제11권2호
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    • pp.55-68
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    • 1981
  • The prime object of the study is to evaluate how much all the students of the Nursing Schools throughout the nation are in comprehension toward the application of nursing process to clinical experience as means of systematic solution of nursing problems. An effort has been made to find out the actual state whether they are in practice of clinical experience in accordance with application of nursing process, over the period of four weeks managing from December 1st to 28th, 1980 and centering on 36 nursing schools, and meanwhile and evaluation, employing the assessment tool used by Bertuccietal, has been made on the nursing process notes recorded by 200 senions out of 21 nursing schools where application of nursing process to clinical experience being in practice. The assessment tool is composed of 5 different criteria in view of patient nursing and authors made an attempt to find out the result of clinical experience on application students in accordance with 5 different scoring criteria and further evaluating all the findings thereof. The findings were disposed of accordance with practice duration and criteria of the specific sudents subject to this finding as to verify the scoring difference in significance and of which the results are as follows: 1) as of now, in 21 (58.2%) out of 36 nursing Schools nursing process in being appliced in clinical experience. 2) Schools that started the application of nursing process to clinical experience amount to - for more than 4 yrs -6 (28.6%) - for 2 to 3 yrs-11s(52.4%) - for 1 yr -4 (19.0%) 3) As for the response upon application of nursing process. To clinical etperience, the largest voice (61.9%) heard was that it is rather difficult beyond the lecturing thereof, to practically apply it outs patients and the second voice (19.1%) turned out to be that it is hard to put in practice owing to uninformed nurses of the process serving in the clinical field. 4) The response. Of the processors assigned to instruction as to the most difficult problem in criteria of nursing process, the largest voice (38.2%) centered on the problem assessment while the second voice (17.7%) on the indirect nursing activity and the objective data respectively and considered to be the easiest was the indirect nursing activity (11.7%). 5) In order for a satisfactory. application of nursing process to clinical experience hence-forth, it has been pointed out that sufficient number of nurses should be supplemented in clinical field (44.1%) and at the same time supplementory education (35.3%) centered around professors be necessary. 6) Of the criteria that record result of nursing process, a significant difference in comprehension of subjective and objective data has been revealed according to the degree of the practice duration of application to clinical experience. For instance, while although poor it may seen, only 74.9% in subjective data and 71.1% in objective data represent the student group in practice for more than 4 years and only 56.3% in subjective data and 66.8% in objective data represent the student group in practice for 2 to 3 years but they still surpass in comprehension over the student group in practice for 1 year attaning only 19.6% in subjective data and 16.8% in objective data (P < 0.005). 7) As for problem assessment, the student group who started application of nursing process for 4 years stand for 37,7% the group for 2 to 3 years started for 25.3% and the group for 1 year started for 5.4%, revealing no significant difference according to duration (P < 0.5) and as poor as to indicate only 22.8% on an overage is in comprehension. 8) On direct and indirect nursing activity, the student group of for more than 4 years in appling nursing process (representing 49.5% in direct nursing activity, 21.4% in indirect nursing activity). Know more about it than the student group of for 2 to 3 years (representing 36.3% in direct nursing activity, 20.8% in indirect nursing activity) but revealed no significant difference. (P < 0.5) 9) The student group applying nursing process for more than 4 years subjective data (74.9%) comprehend were more than objective data (71.1%) but shown no significant difference (P < 0.5). 10) However, the student group applying nursing process for 2 to 3 years comprehend objective data (66.8%) well ever subjective data (55.5%) indicating that 40.9% in average is in comprehension, thereby revealing a significant difference (P < 0.005). 11) On the other hand, the student group applying nursing process to clinical experience for 1 year had revealed themselves as poorly as to comprehend only 11.7% are an average of it, revealing no significant difference (P < 0.5). In consequence of the fore going, I the conductor of the present study, hereby suggest the following points: 1) Application of nursing process to clinical experience be practiced in all the Nursing Schools all over the nation at the earliest possible date in order that scientific nursing be prevailed (as of now only 58.0%), 2) In teaching nursing process, it is desirable to teach specific method of applying to practical clinical situations. 3) In order to meet the end of satisfactory application of nursing process to clinical experience, sufgecient nursing man power be sysplemented in clinical field and at the save time supplementary education by professors is necessary. 4) Sinces the students whose application duration of nursing process to clinical experience is longer comprehend more about it, it is reguired that the schools not yet in practice of the application be promptlyurged to follow. 5) Of the criteria recording nursing process, since it is comparatively hard to comprehend“assessment”and“Direct and indirect nursing activity”, a concentrated instruction is desirable. 6) The students whose duration of application of nursing process to clinical experience falls short of 1 years be put in a concentrated guidance program on individual criterion.

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ICT 인프라 이상탐지를 위한 조건부 멀티모달 오토인코더에 관한 연구 (A Study of Anomaly Detection for ICT Infrastructure using Conditional Multimodal Autoencoder)

  • 신병진;이종훈;한상진;박충식
    • 지능정보연구
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    • 제27권3호
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    • pp.57-73
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    • 2021
  • ICT 인프라의 이상탐지를 통한 유지보수와 장애 예방이 중요해지고 있다. 장애 예방을 위해서 이상탐지에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있으며, 지금까지의 다양한 이상탐지 기법 중 최근 연구들에서는 딥러닝을 활용하고 있으며 오토인코더를 활용한 모델을 제안하고 있다. 이는 오토인코더가 다차원 다변량에 대해서도 효과적으로 처리가 가능하다는 것이다. 한편 학습 시에는 많은 컴퓨터 자원이 소모되지만 추론과정에서는 연산을 빠르게 수행할 수 있어 실시간 스트리밍 서비스가 가능하다. 본 연구에서는 기존 연구들과 달리 오토인코더에 2가지 요소를 가미하여 이상탐지의 성능을 높이고자 하였다. 먼저 다차원 데이터가 가지고 있는 속성별 특징을 최대한 부각하여 활용하기 위해 멀티모달 개념을 적용한 멀티모달 오토인코더를 적용하였다. CPU, Memory, network 등 서로 연관이 있는 지표들을 묶어 5개의 모달로 구성하여 학습 성능을 높이고자 하였다. 또한, 시계열 데이터의 특징을 데이터의 차원을 늘리지 않고 효과적으로 학습하기 위하여 조건부 오토인코더(conditional autoencoder) 구조를 활용하는 조건부 멀티모달 오토인코더(Conditional Multimodal Autoencoder, CMAE)를 제안하였다. 제안한 CAME 모델은 비교 실험을 통해 검증했으며, 기존 연구들에서 많이 활용된 오토인코더와 비교하여 AUC, Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1-score의 성능 평가를 진행한 결과 유니모달 오토인코더(UAE)와 멀티모달 오토인코더(Multimodal Autoencoder, MAE)의 성능을 상회하는 결과를 얻어 이상탐지에 있어 효과적이라는 것을 확인하였다.