• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.332-338
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• 2013

Recently in Korea, in order to ensure evacuation safety within buildings, reviewing and evacuation assessment using computer simulations has been performed from the planning and design stages. Since the results from the assessment mainly depends on the initial values of input elements, it is important to establish element specific data. Nevertheless evacuation related experiments and research are still insufficient to apply overseas standards to domestic conditions. This study intended to conduct a experiment on evacuation movement speed by age as part of element-specific data construction for domestic occupant movement speed. After analyzing domestic and overseas studies on evacuation movement speed, we conducted the experiment of evacuation movement speed for 134 people. Then, by carrying out a comparative analysis of the results of the movement speed obtained from the experiment with overseas movement speeds, we followed the validation procedures of the experimental results under domestic evacuation conditions. The data derived from the experiment is expected to serve as a basis for the movement speed of domestic evacuation safety assessment.

• 한국터널공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.335-340
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• 2005

Recently, According to increased tunnel accident, a matter of concern in tunnel fire safety is on an interesting trend. In case of tunnel fire, Evacuation is a primary factor for refugee safety. Therefore safety measures should be taken to increase capability of evacuation. Evacuation walking speed and characteristics of movement in tunnel is differ from building or outdoor site so, these characteristics must be considered in tunnel safety planning. In this study has performed to evaluate the smoke movement and characteristics of evacuation by full-scale test method. and aimed for basic data establishment in characteristics of evacuation for tunnel safety system design.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.103-110
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to know how visual-field obstruction from fire smoke influences a resident's necessary time to reach fire escape and evacuation movement in a high-rise apartment housing. Generally, fire smoke not only gives visual-field obstruction and breath troubles to residents but interrupts their evacuation behavior. If a fire smoke layer is formed in the core department when evacuee enters at the evacuation staircase until, residents will be made to undergo a range of vision obstacle. In order to set a situation like that, participants wore eye bandage which had been made especially before the experiment. Also as a comparative standard, through no.1442 Japanese construction ministry notices about the building evacuation safety verification method, this study calculated smoke layer's dissent time and evacuation time. Then to compare with the former, the participants without an eye bandage joined a experiment once again. This study has understood how fire smoke effects on one's evacuation delay by analyzing residents' evacuation time to reach the staircase and movement route, however, in this study a toxic gas is not considered because it might threaten participants not to breathe.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.69-81
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• 2024

Purpose: Recently, there has been a movement to guarantee the right to watch sports for the disabled. However, the sports stadium is designed without considering the wheelchair users, so the right to move in the stadium is not secured. Restrictions on the movement of the disabled make the evacuation vulnerable in an emergency. This study aims to develop a plan to ensure the safety of movement and evacuation of wheelchair users by conducting simulations targeting indoor sports stadiums. Method: The simulation was performed by constructing a scenario with the shape of the stands as a variable. The effect of the installation of wheelchair seats on evacuation was confirmed. Result: The results according to whether wheelchair seats are installed, the evacuation route of wheelchair movement, and whether wheelchair seats are separately arranged were compared. The impact of wheelchair seat installation on evacuation and its characteristics were derived. As a result, upward and separation seat was the most vulnerable to evacuation. Conclusion: A plan to secure evacuation performance was derived for the top floors of upward and separation seat. It is judged that the content can be use as a way to secure the safety of movement and evacuation of the disabled in sports stadiums.

• Journal of the Regional Association of Architectural Institute of Korea
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.109-116
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• 2019

This study aimed to suggest a quantitative model analyzing overcrowding area under emergency evacuation situation in the outpatient department of hospital. Overall study process included the review on legal conditions of an emergency evacuation, the investigation of precedent research documents and the analysis of spatial configuration. The user movement with considering exit gates and the one without considering exit gates were analyzed for routine activity condition. An agent-based simulation was applied for the analysis. Also, user movement for the emergency condition was tested with evacuation simulation. The variation of simulation conditions revealed the difference between overcrowding spaces from situation change. At all nodes, visit frequencies derived from different conditions and situations were compared. The overcrowding spaces are to increase the risk of delaying emergency evacuation time which is critical for user safety. It suggests the need for dispersing overcrowding spaces under evacuation situation. The suggested analysis model can evaluate overcrowding spaces in the outpatient department of hospital and provide locational data for distributing evacuation design resources.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.1342-1347
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• 2011

Advantages of the deeply underground subway are underground space efficiency, high speed, decrease of noise and vibration. However, when fire occurs in the deeply underground subway station, large casualties are occurred like Daegu subway station fire due to the increase of evacuation distance. In this study, a numerical analysis was performed by using the fire and evacuation analysis program FDS+EVAC for smoke movement and evacuation in Beotigogae station among the deeply underground subway station. Heat release rate of carriage fire was set 10MW and the fire growth rate was ultrafast. As a result, the smoke move to the exit at 1085 second. The total evacuation time took 956 second.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1309-1323
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• 2020

Crowd evacuation simulation is an important research issue for designing reasonable building layouts and planning more effective evacuation routes. The social force model (SFM) is an important pedestrian movement model, and is widely used in crowd evacuation simulations. The model can effectively simulate crowd evacuation behaviors in a simple scene, but for a multi-obstacle scene, the model could result in some undesirable problems, such as pedestrian evacuation trajectory oscillation, pedestrian stagnation and poor evacuation routing. This paper analyzes the causes of these problems and proposes an improved SFM for complex multi-obstacle scenes. The new model adds navigation points and walking shortest route principles to the SFM. Based on the proposed model, a crowd evacuation simulation system is developed, and the crowd evacuation simulation was carried out in various scenes, including some with simple obstacles, as well as those with multi-obstacles. Experiments show that the pedestrians in the proposed model can effectively bypass obstacles and plan reasonable evacuation routes.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.1358-1364
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• 2016

Maritime accidents caused by a ship include collisions, sinking, stranding and fire etc. This study is intending to consider fire accidents among such diverse marine accidents. It is much likely that various sorts of fires break out because crewmen are living in a narrow space for long periods of time consequent on the ship's characteristic of sailing on the sea. According to the ship fire survey, about 50% of the total fire accidents occurred at an engine room, and the main fire origin was analyzed to be oil. In addition, ship fire breaks out in the order of baggage racks and living quarter. In short, the survey indicates that all sorts of fires belonging to A, B, C and D-class have occurred. This study, targeting an actual passenger ship 'A', found the response time to evacuation, during which the people on board a ship recognize the outbreak of fire, and act, and the travel time for evacuation which is the actual travel time. In addition, this study carried out a simulation through the special program for fire analysis - FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) in order to find the effective evacuation time, i.e. life survival time. Particularly, this study did comparative analysis of the influence on the survival of passengers and crew based on the collected simulation data by fire size and sort. As a result of the analysis, it was found that when examining the only actual evacuation movement time excepting the response time to evacuation, people are safe by completing evacuation before the effective evacuation time only in case fire size is 100Kw among all sorts of fires. In other words, in case of the outbreak of fire more than 1 MW, it was found to fail to meet evacuation safety regardless of fire size.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.1-7
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• 2010

Since subway fire disaster at Daegu, Korea smoke control system and passengers evacuation distance has been focused to reform. Existing smoke control facilities need to expand volume of ventilation capacity however, the complicate subway station structure can hardly react dispersion of smokes from massive subway cabin fire. Smoke flow at platform level move upward thought vertical stairway and passengers evacuation goes with same direction. The victims of evacuees from subway station fire mainly due to exposure of heat radiation and smoke. The study demonstration the effect of downward evacuates stairway system by separating evacuation route to smoke movement pass way including saving times of evacuation.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.123-128
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• 2007

To predict the fire and smoke hazards of rail car with a evacuation model is essential for achieving life safety of all passengers in the event of fire. Currently, more than 30 different evacuation models are available and expected increasing demand in high population density areas as a metro train station. This paper includes brief history of evacuation models and review some key factors of design egress scenario, these are pre-movement time, egress route, location of fire, overturned carriage, and configuration of rail car. Applying the egress model for rail passenger car, users need to confirm the model's ability of physiological, psychological responses effecting to pre-movement time of individual or crowd unit, representation of complexity of carriage layout, and evaluation of effects of smoke.