• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.15 no.12
• /
• pp.7380-7384
• /
• 2014

Evacuation fire doors were manufactured by applying phosphorescent paint to the whole fire door whose performance was already recognized, and applying heat sensitive paint around the grip. The facility was improved by the evacuation and safety functions on the fire door, which has been used as only a fire facility, and the fire door is also used as an evacuation facility. The brilliance of the evacuation safety fire door manufactured in this study passed the brilliance test of Korea Fire Institute with a performance more than the brilliance (7mcd after 60 minutes) of the existing inducement sign. During a fire, the visible area is larger than the evacuation door inducement, etc. and light preventive status in the lower part of the fire door was observed during the descent of smoke. Therefore, it is considered to extend the evacuation effective time of evacuators. In heat sensitive paint applied around the grip, a color change is observed on the fire door when approaching a certain temperature ($70^{\circ}C$). Therefore, the first disaster that evacuators can encounter on the grip of a fire door during a fire can be prevented and should be helpful in recognizing the backfiring possibility and preventing safety accidents for firefighters who must enter a fire space.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2009

This paper presents a study on the evacuation analysis in underground arcade. In this study, the effect of the exit with a windbreak door has been investigated by using evacuation simulation program (building EXODUS). Also, the simulation has included the impact of smoke, heat and toxic gases by fire simulation program (CFAST). The results were obtained for the conditions of without and with door of the two exit with 1,088 evacuation population. As a results, for non-fire evacuation, there was only a little difference of evacuation time for both conditions. However, for fire emergency evacuation, the evacuation time for the condition with door increased more 110 seconds than for the condition without door. When the auto door not opened, the evacuation time was increased more 670 seconds than for the condition without door. Consequently, in case of fire, the automatic door should be operating by the signal of fire detector and keep open when the fire accidents. To lead the evacuees well to the escape route the luminaries for an emergency exit sign have to be reinforced to the wall and floor around the exit.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.239-249
• /
• 2022

Fire resistance performance and performance design of fire doors are becoming more important to prevent the spread of fire and support the rapid evacuation of apartment buildings. In this study, a database using 182 evacuation spaces and 308 common areas that passed the fire performance test was established, and fire door performance influencing factors were derived through an analysis of the structure(12 elements) of the fire door. As a result, the effects of fire-resisting filler density, adhesive, and foam gasket were confirmed for evacuation space, and the effects of fire-resisting filler, adhesive, and fire fins were confirmed for common areas. In the fire door fire resistance test, flames and cracks were analyzed as the most frequent failure factors.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.59-64
• /
• 2016

The PSD (Platform Screen Door System) has been installed to enhance the passengers' safety. A total of 592 stations operate the PSD system, which is almost 71.8% of all stations in South Korea. This study compared the opening rate between the PSD and train door, and calculated the exact amount of passengers at peak time. In addition, the evacuation time was simulated by Pathfinder 2015 with the exact input data. Some of the high density stations have extremely high dangerous points about the passengers' evacuation at some situations by the PSD door opening rate. In particular, due to the interference of a fixed door, when it stops at 7 m less than the regular position, its opening rate becomes less than half of the normal state. To solve this problem, it should be made possible to open the fixed door by changing it to an emergency door or improving the PSD module system.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.156-165
• /
• 2020

In this paper, the application of evacuation delay time (Cognition time + initiation time) and examine the degree of opening of fire doors in households for evaluating evacuation safety and suggest a realistic alternative. In order to proceed with this study, first of all, the preliminary investigation on evacuation safety evacuation of residential-type buildings (Apartment, urban living houses, etc.) among the performance-oriented design targets of Gwangju Metropolitan City, which was implemented until June 2018. Then, for the two representative types that are commonly used among the previously surveyed buildings, evacuation delay time is applied to W1, W2, and respectively simulating the opening of the doors is applied to th full open, 1/4 open, the leakage gap and evacuation safety evaluation was performed. As a result of evaluating evacuation safety was found that it is difficult to secure evacuation safety regardless of evacuation delay time W1 and W2 when the fire door is fully open and 1/4 open, Only when the leakage gap is applied evacuation safety was ensured even if evacuation delay time W2 was applied. Therefore, when a residential building is subject to performance-oriented design, evaluating the application of W2 rather than W1 is considered for evacuation delay time to reflect concern about privacy infringement due to CCTV installation, etc. In order to secure the Smoke blocking performance of the fire door and to improve the performance-oriented design, I would like to propose to consider the method of applying a leak gap to the degree of opening of the fire door. Through this, it is expected that the performance-oriented design will be a step further by performing evacuation safety evaluation with more realistic data.

• International Journal of Safety
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.36-42
• /
• 2005

A study on fire phenomena in a subway transit mass station has been carried out as a part of disaster prevention plan at the subway station. The ventilation facilities installed in both the platform and the trackway are designed to convert into a smoke exhaust system in emergency situation, creating an environment necessary for evacuation. 3 dimensional Numerical Simulations based on the CFD are carried out using a simulation tool, Fire Dynamic Simulator. Total of six different cases are made and performances are compared each other to find optimal vents operation to ensure safer environment for evacuation at the platform area considering the installation of platform screen door.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
• /
• 2020.11a
• /
• pp.107-108
• /
• 2020

There is a need to analyze various factors in evacuation safety assessment of building in fire. In the current performance based design, evacuation safety assessment in case of fire is being conducted through the simulation as FDS and Pathfinder. However, the location and size of the door, the location of evacuation in the event of a fire are not considered when design. Accordingly, it is difficult to determine the worst case scenario considering the actual fire. Therefore in this study, in this study, we will propose an appropriate evaluation plan through simulation considering the worst-case scenario that may occur in case of fire.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
• /
• 2013.06a
• /
• pp.153-154
• /
• 2013

In this study, we used the program of three-dimensional analysis of fire for analyzing visibility of smoke flow and temperature of the accommodation area what is required for the analysis of survival of the crew. In particular, I would like to propose a method for reducing the flow rate performance in order to reduce the suffocation from the smoke of the majority of personal injury. Existing vessels are designed to close the fire door automatically when the fire alarm issued. When there is no crew that dared to escape, it can delay the spread of fire and smoke flow which is determined to be very useful to improve the survival rate of the crew. However, it can be fatal to the crew whose rooms are located on the inside of the fire door that has not completed the evacuation. In this study, we check the smoke flow rate and rate of temperature rise when crew open the fire door what is closed due to fire and compare to the structure of the blocking layer.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.38-43
• /
• 2007

The aim of this paper is to investigate the change of pressure differential and smoke propagation characteristics in the elevator lobby with the resident's evacuation scenarios using fire modelling technique. The results showed absolute pressures in the fire room and elevator lobby can significantly increase to cause fire door to the stairway unclosed once it is open. This is due to constant pressure differentials, the increasing reference pressure of fire lobby and pressure leak from elevator lobby to fire lobby. Smoke exhaust mechanism was needed to prevent the continuous pressure rise in the living room. Over 200 Pa was expected upon closing the door during pressurization, which provide difficulties in opening the door for next refugee. Opening both fire door and entrance door may induce smoke flow from fire room to elevator lobby and stairway.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.35-40
• /
• 2013

This study investigated the evacuation characteristics of student of elementary school with single unit fireproof shutter. In particular, we gathered the data about fireproof shutter and checked the data. And we made comparison and did an analysis of the evacuation characteristics of elementary school student according to working of single unit fireproof shutter for fires. As a result, it took the last occupant 130 seconds to escape from the school with no fire shutter case. But it took time 190 seconds to escape when the single unit fireproof shutter worked. Some of elementary school students could not open the door installed on the shutter when the single unit fireproof shutter worked. Considering this circumstance, it can be led to time delays of escaping when the single unit fireproof shutter work. And many students can be exposed to the fire hazards. Therefore, the study on the power to open the door installed on the shutter must be done in the future.