• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.217-226
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• 2016

Seasonal prevalence of bacterial canker of kiwifruit caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) was investigated at a naturally infected orchard in Boseong, Jeonnam in 2014 and 2015. Stem canker began to occur in mid-February in 2014 and early March in 2015. Bacterial ooze was observed on canes, leaders and trunks until late May and gradually disappeared thereafter. The percentages of infected trees were 44.7% and 69.7% in 2014 and 2015, respectively. Trees with trunk canker in a previous year died in 2015. Leaf canker symptoms began to appear as brown spots with chlorotic halos in early May and irregular dark brown spots without halos were observed under humid conditions. Leaf canker progressed until mid-July in 2014 and late July in 2015. No Psa was detected from the leaf lesions on leaves thereafter, but new infection of Psa was observed on leaves in late October. Infected blossoms with blighted calyx were sometimes observed from mid-May. Optimal monitoring period to detect Psa was May when it could be easily detected from stems, leaves and blossoms. Disease cycle of bacterial canker of kiwifruit modified for Korea was proposed based on the seasonal prevalence of bacterial canker analyzed according to weather data in Boseong, Jeonnam over 2 years.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.87-96
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• 2007

Objectives : This study was performed to evaluate the effect of oriental medical treatment on aged female obese patient. Methods : We experienced an aged female obese patient. We applied herbal medication(Choweseuncheng-tang), electrolipolysis, auricular acupuncture to her from 26th, March. 2007 to 25th, May. 2007. And we examined the changes of her weight, body composition, body size, skin resistance variability, visual analogue scale of knee pain. Results : 1. Her weight decreased from 73.5kg to 71.1kg and body mass index(BMI) decreased from $29.46kg/m^2$ to $28.11kg/m^2$. 2. Body fat mass(BFM) decreased from 25.7kg to 21.6kg but body muscle mass(BMM) increased from 45.1kg to 46.7kg. 3. Waist-hip ratio(WHR) decreased from 0.96 to 0.92. 4. Basal metabolic rate(BMR) increased from 1,273kcal to 1,314kcal. 5. The circumference of upper extremity decreased 1.03cm and lower extremity decreased 1.30cm but the circumference of the muscle of upper extremity increased 0.41cm and lower extremity increased 0.63cm. 6. The circumference of chest and hip are decreased. In addition to the circumference and fat of abdomen are decreased. 7. The visual analogue scale of knee pain is improved. Conclusions : According to above results, oriental medical treatment could be used safety to aged obese patients without loss of fat free mass. The study is more required to aged obese patient from now on.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.4536-4542
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• 2011

RFID technology uses communication through the use of radio waves to transfer data between a reader and an electronic tag attached to an object for the purpose of identification and tracking. RFID technology can be applied to the various service areas such as, position determination technology, remote processing management and information exchange between objects by collecting, storing, processing, and tracing their informations from the tag attached to the objects using electronic wave by recognizing the information and environment of those objects. However, to revitalize these various services, it is important to test the RFID tag performance. But There are few instructions which have and hold the RFID emulator technology for organizing the RFID international test environment. Also there are not many manufacturing companies which recognize about the exact RFID test standard and requirements for the International Standards. In this paper, a construction of Tag Performance test environments and test methods are suggested which are required by EPCglobal or ISO/IEC. Details about RFID Tag performance test items proposed by ISO/IEC FDIS 18046-3 are explained, performed RFID Tag performance test through the performing test against each measured item, and draw a result for the RFID Tag performance of International Standards.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.24-30
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• 2009

Rare earth based calcium aluminate phosphor ($CaAl_2O_4:Eu^{2+}$, $Nd^{3+}$) supported $TiO_2$ nanoparticles are synthesized by using sol-gel method, which are further characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), diffuse reflectance UV-Visible spectroscopy (DRS UV-Vis) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The XRD pattern of as-prepared and sintered phosphor supported $TiO_2$ does not show the tendency to change the crystal structure from anatase to rutile phase up to $600^{\circ}C$. This indicates that the phosphor support might inhibit the densification and crystallite growth by providing dissimilar boundaries. The diffuse reflectance spectral (DRS) measurements showed shift towards longer wavelength indicating reduction in the band-gap energy as compared to free $TiO_2$. The FT-IR spectra of phosphor supported $TiO_2$ nanoparticles show shift in the peak positions to lower wavelengths. This indicates that the $TiO_2$ nanoparticles are not free, but covalently bonded to the phosphor support. TEM micrographs show presence of crystalline and spherical $TiO_2$ nanoparticles (8 - 15 nm diameter) dispersed uniformly on the surface of phosphor.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.648-653
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• 2010

This study was performed to investigate the inhibitory activity of Sargassum thunbergii (ST) against ${\alpha}$-amylase and elucidate the availability of ST extract as a functional food agent. To test the inhibitory activity of ST against ${\alpha}$-amylase, porcine pancreatic ${\alpha}$-amylase and potato starch were used as substrates. It was revealed that ST crude ethanol extracts have high ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibitory activity. Subsequently, ST crude ethanol extract was separated into five partition layers by solvent extraction: n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water. Chloroform and n-hexane fractions showed higher inhibitory activities than did acarbose (positive control). To confirm the changes in enzyme inhibitory activity by physical treatments, ST crude ethanol extract was subjected to heat, pH, and ${\gamma}$-irradiation treatments. In all heat treatments with the exception of one ($121^{\circ}C$, 15 min), the inhibitory activity was increased compared with the untreated group. With regard to pH stability, ST extract showed no significant changes at pH 4.6, but somewhat decreased inhibitory activity was revealed at pH 2, 8, and 10. On the other hand, ST ethanol extract was stable under ${\gamma}$-irradiation under all conditions (3.20 kGy). In summary, ST ethanol extract can be used in the food industry as a natural ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibitor.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.232-239
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• 2011

Purpose: Diabetic foot ulcer is one of the most important diabetic complications because it increases the risk of amputations. Moreover, it lowers the quality of patients' life and increases the social medical expenses. Authors analyzed risk factors of intractable diabetic foot ulcer using retrospective study. Materials and Methods: From January 2007 to December 2010, 40 patients who could not achieve complete healing despite more than 12 weeks of proper management among who had been diagnosed and treated as diabetic foot ulcer at our hospital were included and evaluated retrospectively. We compared the risk factors between two groups who were finally treated by amputation and non-amputation. Results: The sample was composed of 31 male patients (77.5%) and 9 female patients (22.5%). Comorbidity including hypertension and hyperlipidemia were 77.5% and 80% each. By Wagner classification, 30 patients (80%) had ulcerative lesion over the grade 3. From bacteriology results, 29 patients (72.5%) had polybacteria infection. 35 patients (87.5%) had neuropathy and 26 patients (65%) had vascular stenosis at least one level. The mean initial ankle-brachial index and toe-brachial index were 0.982 and 0.439. In comparison between amputation group and non-amputation group, ulcer severity, number of stenotic vessel and initial ankle-brachial index/toe-brachial index had statistical significance. Conclusion: The most commonly risk factor of intractable diabetic foot ulcer was peripheral neuropathy reaching 87.5% of cases. In comparison with non-amputation group, ulcer severity according to Wagner classification, number of stenotic vessel and initial ankle-brachial index/toe-brachial index were demonstrated as a risk factor of amputation in intractable diabetic foot ulcer.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Organic Agriculture Conference
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• 2009.12a
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• pp.288-288
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• 2009

WTO가 진행되고 한미 FTA 협상타결로 농업농촌이 어려움을 격고 있으며 EU, 중국, 인도 등과의 FTA 협상도 검토되고 있다. 또한 소득수준 향상으로 소비자들이 웰빙 건강식품에 대한 관심이 고조되면서 이제는 농산물의 안전성과 기능성, 맛 등이 우수한 고품질 안전농산물 생산이 농업의 핵심과제로 대두되고 있다. 이와 같이 급변하는 농업여건에 대응해 나가기 위해서는 농업정책의 최우선과제인 친환경농업에 적극 동참하여 안전하고 우수한 농산물을 생산해야 할 것이다. 잎들깨의 재배에 있어 주생산 요소의 한 가지는 영양생장을 잘 조절해야 하고 기비보다는 추비에 보다 많은 기술이 요구되고 있다. 이에 본 연구의 목적은 잎들깨 추비시용에 있어 화학비료를 대체 유기질 비료를 이용하여 추비수준별 생육 및 수량성을 구명 하는데 있다. 재배방법은 재식거리는 10 cm${\times}$7cm(137,500주/10a) 로 하였으며 기비는 유기질비료(N-P-K=3.2:4.2:1.1)를 N량 기준으로 5.2kg/10a 을 시용하였다. 추비시용 처리는 10a당 N 0kg, N1.2kg, N1.5kg, N 1.8kg 등 4처리를 두었으며, 추비는 유기질 비료 (N-P-K=4.0-2.0-1.5)를 N 기준으로 생육에 따라 매회 수확 후에 시용 하였으며, 시용 방법에 있어 관수는 1 회 급여시 유기질 비료를 10a당 물 5톤에 희석하여 총 5회를 주었으며 관수방법은 점적호스를 이용하여 저면 관수 하였다. 재배기간 중 10a당 T-N 시용량은 N 0kg 재배는 5.2kg, N 1.2kg 재배는 11.2kg, N 1.5kg재배는 12.7kg, N 1.8kg재배는 14.2kg을 시용하였다. 재배 후 처리별 N 흡수량은 N 1.8kg구 33.1kg, N 1.5kg구 30.0kg, N 1.2kg구 25.7kg, N 0kg구 18.1kg순으로 나타났다. 생육은 초장, 경경, 엽장, 엽폭, 엽중은 추비 시용량이 높을수록 향상되었고, 마디수 발생은 추비 수준 간 변동이 없었다. 병해충 발생정도는 병은 시들음병, 역병, 노균병 순으로 발생하였고, 충은 잎말이나방, 잿빛곰팡이, 진딧물 순으로 발생되었다. 수량성은 N 1.5kg 재배구가 N 1.2kg 대비 115%, N 0kg 대비 169%를 수확하여 타 처리에 비해 비교적 높게 나타났다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.152-164
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• 2015

Biological control of major rice diseases has been attempted in several rice-growing countries in Asia during the last few decades and its application using antagonistic bacteria has proved to be somewhat successful for controlling various fungal diseases in field trials. Two novel endophytic Bacillus species, designated strains YC7007 and $YC7010^T$, with antimicrobial, plant growth-promoting, and systemic resistance-inducing activities were isolated from the roots of rice in paddy fields at Jinju, Korea, and their multifunctional activities were analyzed. Strain YC7007 inhibited mycelial growth of major rice fungal pathogens strongly in vitro. Bacterial blight and panicle blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (KACC 10208) and Burkholderia glumae (KACC 44022), respectively, were also suppressed effectively by drenching a bacterial suspension ($10^7cfu/ml$) of strain YC7007 on the rhizosphere of rice. Additionally, strain YC7007 promoted the growth of rice seedlings with higher germination rates and more tillers than the untreated control. The taxonomic position of the strains was also investigated. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that both strains belong to the genus Bacillus, with high similarity to the closely related strains, Bacillus siamensis KACC $15859^T$ (99.67%), Bacillus methylotrophicus KACC $13105^T$ (99.65%), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum KACC $17177^T$ (99.60%), and Bacillus tequilensis KACC $15944^T$ (99.45%). The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain $YC7010^T$ and the most closely related strain, B. siamensis KACC $15859^T$ was $50.4{\pm}3.5%$, but it was $91.5{\pm}11.0%$ between two strains YC7007 and $YC7010^T$, indicating the same species. The major fatty acids of two strains were anteiso-$C_{15:0}$ and iso $C_{15:0}$. Both strains contained MK-7 as a major respiratory quinone system. The G+C contents of the genomic DNA of two strains were 50.5 mol% and 51.2 mol%, respectively. Based on these polyphasic studies, the two strains YC7007 and $YC7010^T$ represent novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus oryzicola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is $YC7010^T$ (= KACC $18228^T$). Taken together, our findings suggest that novel endophytic Bacillus strains can be used for the biological control of rice diseases.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.656-660
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• 2008

Fermented soybean foods are an important component of the Korean diet. Eoyukjang is a type of traditional fermented soybean source. Microbial analysis of eoyukjang was conducted during the fermentation period in this study. Microorganisms isolated from eoyukjang were identified by biochemical tests and 16S rDNA sequencing. 17 different microorganisms, including bacteria, yeast, and fungi were detected in eoyukjang during the fermentation period. Even though Aspergillus participated in the early stage of fermentation of eoyukjang, Bacillus species and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were the major microzymes in eoyukjang throughout the maturation period. Eoyukjang is generally consumed after the boiling of the final sample. Therefore, the final sample of eoyukjang was boiled and analyzed. Our results showed that no vegetative microorganisms survived under the boiling conditions for eoyukjang. Fermented soybean products in the domestic market were also assessed for comparison with the results from eoyukjang. The total cell number of kanjang (soy sauce) samples was between 0 to 42 CFU/mL. The isolated microorganisms were identified as Bacillus species. All Bacillus isolates were not found to harbor the three enterotoxin-producing and emetic toxin-producing genes.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.32-52
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• 2003

The Mt. Baegyang in Busan, composed of sedimentary basement rocks (Icheonri Formation), andesite (lava), andesitic pyroclastic rocks, fallout tuff and tuffaceous sedimentary rocks, rhyolitic pyroclastic rocks, intrusive rocks (granite-porphyry, felsite, and biotite-granite) of Cretaceous age in ascending order. The volcanic rocks show a section of composite volcano which comprised alternation of andesitic lava and pyroclasitc rocks, rhyolitic pyrocalstic rocks (tuff breccia, lapilli tuff, fine tuff) from the lower to the upper strata. From the major element chemical analysis, the volcanic and intrusive rocks belong to calc-alkaline rock series. The trace element composition and REE patterns of volcanic and plutonic rocks, which are characterized by a high LILE/HFSE ratio and enrichments in LREE, suggest that they are typical of continental margin arc calc-alkaline rocks produced in the subduction environment. Primary basaltic magma might have been derived from partial melting of mantle wedge in the upper mantle under destructive plate margin. Crystallization differentiation of the basaltic magma would have produced the calc-alkaline andesitic magma. And the felsic rhyolitic magma seems to have been evolved from andesitic magma with crystallization differentiation of plagioclase, pyroxene, and hornblende.