• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.4135-4141
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• 2014

Background: Human papillomaviruses (HPV) may play an important role as one of the possible etiologies of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The present study aimed to investigate the association between HPV and OSCC in young Japanese patients by examining the presence of HPV DNA and surrogate markers in OSCC tissues. Materials and Methods: Forty young patients with OSCC whose surgical specimens were available were analyzed and compared with 40 patients randomly recruited from a pool of patients aged >40 years. HPV DNA was detected using the polymerase chain reaction-based AMPLICOR$^{(R)}$ HPV test, and surrogate markers of HPV infection were analyzed using immunohistochemical techniques to detect $p16^{INK4a}$ and p53. Results: Only two (5%) young patients and one (2.5%) older patient were positive for HPV DNA. $p16^{INK4a}$ overexpression was identified in six (15%) young patients. p53 staining levels were not high in tissues of most young patients (27 patients, 67.5%). HPV DNA status did not significantly correlate with $p16^{INK4a}$ expression levels. Profiles of increased levels of $p16^{INK4a}$ expression with diminished levels of p53 staining were not associated with the presence of HPV DNA. The combined p53 with $p16^{INK4a}$ profiles were significantly correlated with alcohol consumption in younger patients (p=0.006). Conclusions: Results of the present study indicate that HPV is less likely to cause OSCC in young Japanese patients, and the $p16^{INK4a}$ expression level is not an appropriate surrogate marker for HPV infection in OSCC.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.9
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• pp.987-991
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• 2008

Purpose : Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD), also known as histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (HNL), is a self-limited disease characterized by cervical lymphadenopathy and fever. The etiology of KFD remains unknown; however, the self-limiting nature of HNL suggests the cause of this disease could be viral infection. For this reason, several viruses have been evaluated as possible etiologies of HNL, including Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human herpesvirus 6 (HHV6), human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8), and cytomegalovirus (CMV). The aim of this study was to examine the relationship of EBV and HHV6 to HNL. Methods : Data pertaining to 51 cases with biopsy-confirmed HNL were collected between January 1999 and December 2005, from the Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea. The clinical records-including data regarding age, gender, duration of fever, and lymph node involvementwere reviewed retrospectively. The in situ hybridization (ISH) assay was performed by EBER PNA probe (Dako, Capinteria, CA, USA), and immunohistochemistry testing was performed with anti-HHV type 6 monoclonal antibodies (Chemicon, Temecula, CA, USA). Results : The HNL patients in this study were 24 males and 27 females, ranging in age from seven to 61 years (median: 25.9). ISH for EBV was positive in 8/51 (15.7%) biopsies, and immunohistochemistry for HHV6 was positive in 15/51 (29.4%) biopsies. Serologic analysis of EBV IgM was performed in 23 cases; only one patient was positive for EBV IgM and EBV ISH. Conclusion : Our study could not provide supportive evidence of a viral pathogenesis for HNL; therefore, cases of HNL may not have a dominant viral cause. However, some rare exceptional cases may have been caused by viral infection.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.161-168
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• 1998

Purpose : Lots of congenital anomalies of urinary tract including hydronephrosis are detected in fetus and neworn by popular use of prenatal ultrasonography. But there are little data available in Korea about natural course of hydronephrosis diagnosed antenatally by ultrasonography. So we intended to help management of these patients by analizing the follow up data of the neonates with hydronephrosis diagnosed antenatally. Methods : We evaluated 22 patients with neonatal hydronephrosis(33 renal units) who were diagnosed prenatally and confirmed postnatally. Especially patients with suspected ureteropelvic junction obstruction were followed regulary with renal ultrasonography and diuretic renography for 8-24 months. Results : 1) The etiologies of neonatal hydronephrosis diagnosed prenatally were suspected ureteropelvic junction obstruction($69.9\%$), vesicoureteral reflux($15.1\%$), primary megaureter($3.0\%$), double ureter with ureterocele($3.0\%$), ureteral stricture($3.0\%$), multicystic dysplastic kidney(3.0$\%$), and ureterovesical junction obstruction(3.0$\%$). 2) The follow up results of 23 renal units of suspected ureteropelvic junction obsruction: Except 4 renal units with palpable abdominal mass, of the remained 19 renal units, 14 units($73.6\%$) were improved spontaneously, 3 units($15.7\%$) remained stable, only2 units($10.5\%$) were aggravated. Conclusion : We concluded that in most cases of hydronephrosis there is no need for immediate surgery, and that nonoperative approach, using serial ultrasonography and diuretic renogram, is safe management of neonatal hydronephrosis diagnosed anteratally.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.146-153
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• 2004

As the experience of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has been accumulated, the number of reoperation after CABG is increasing. We analyzed our clinical experience of redo-CABG. Material and Method: Fourteen patients who underwent redo-CABG between Jan. 1994 and Dec. 2002 were included in this study. The mean period from the first operation to reoperation was 66$\pm$56 (3∼157) months, and the average ages were 62.8$\pm$8.7 (51∼78) years. The survivors were followed up 39$\pm$29 (4∼101) months postoperatively. Indications of reoperation were stenosis or occlusion of previous grafts in 11 patients, progression of native coronary artery disease in one patient, and both etiologies in two patients. Result: There were two in-hospital mortalities (14.3%) resulting from low cardiac output syndrome, Postoperative morbidities were perioperative myocardiac infarction in 2 patients (14.3%), mediastinitis in one patient (7.2%), duodenal perforation in one patient, ischemic necrosis of the lower extremity in one patient, gastric perforation after mesenteric infarct in one patient, delayed brain infarct in one patient, and intraoperative splenic rupture in one patient. There was one late mortality at six months postoperatively during the follow up. There was no angina recurrence during the follow up. Conclusion: Although redo CABG demonstrated relatively high operative mortalities and morbidities, postoperative status and clinical outcome of the survivors were favorable.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.306-313
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• 2014

Impacted teeth are teeth with a delayed eruption time or that are expected to erupt incompletely. Those teeth can cause a series of potential problems such as root displacement and resorption, periodontal problems in adjacent teeth, referred pain and the formation of cysts and odontogenic tumors. The purpose of this study was to investigate characteristics and treatment of child and adolescent patients younger than 15 years of age that were diagnosed with an impacted tooth who visited the Chosun University Dental Hospital. The impacted tooth, its etiology, treatment and traction period were surveyed through electric medical records, radiographs in 335 patients. We excluded the impacted third molar, supernumerary and deciduous teeth from this study. The most frequently impacted teeth are upper canine, followed by the upper incisor. The most common etiologies of impaction were an abnormal eruption pathway and localized pathologic lesions. The treatment of an impacted tooth was mostly orthodontic traction. The traction period was relatively short in cases with distinct obstacles, with an impacted upper incisor and if patients were younger. An orthodontic traction is considered to be more unfavorable if the patient gets older. Therefore, an early diagnosis and a precise treatment plan through a regular check-ups are mandatory.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.3811-3815
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• 2014

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the worldwide disease which causes enormous losses every year. Recent studies suggested that environmental and gene factors might be the etiologies in increasing the risk of morbidity. Nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) gene polymorphisms are said to be associated with CRC risk but the conclusion is still controversial. Materials and Methods: Pubmed and HuGENet databases up to December 2013 were used in this meta-analysis. Three different certain genotypic models were applied, namely dominant (AA+AC versus CC), recessive (AA versus AC+CC), per-allele analysis (A vs C). In addition, information on tumor sites and pathologic stages was collected. The strength of associations was assessed through combining odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Finally, five and three studies about the rs1799983 and rs2070744 were covered in the analysis with 2,745 cases and 2,478 controls. Three models were applied, but no significant association was found for NOS3 G894T/rs1799983 (dominant: OR=0.999, 95%CI=0.797-1.253, $I^2$=63.8%; recessive: OR=0.924, 95%CI=0.589-1.450, $I^2$=59.3%; allele analysis: OR=0.979, 95%CI=0.788-1.216, $I^2$=74.9%) and T-786C/rs2070744 (dominant: OR=1.138, 95%CI=0.846-1.530, $I^2$=67.9%; recessive: OR=0.956, 95%CI=0.708-1.291, $I^2$=0.0%; allele analysis: OR=1.110, 95%CI=0.865-1.425, $I^2$=69.4%). The same results were also obtained for tumor sites and pathologic stage subgroups. After further analyzing the NOS3 gene, rs1799983 as the tag- and functional SNP was presented. Conclusions: On the basis of this meta-analysis and the characteristics of the NOS3 gene, we suggested rs1799983 might be a key locus associated with CRC risk. Further prospective studies were needed to make more comprehensive explanation of the associations.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.72-78
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• 2012

The rotator cuff is situated in a potential tight subacromial space and undergoes senescent structural changes commonly observed in other joints of the body. When the cuff fails, spontaneous healing of the torn tendon is not expected to occur, and multiple factors may be responsible. Its fibers are under tension and typically retract on tearing. The subacromial bursal inflammation and alterations in normal glenohumeral kinematics have been considered in the development of symptoms. Controversy continues to exist concerning the pathogenesis of rotator cuff disease. The heterogeneity of the disorder, as well as the notion that rotator cuff disease may not actually represent a continuum of the same process, but rather, is a compilation of independent disorders, may partly explain the differing viewpoints on its origin. Two contrasting pathogenetic mechanisms have been extensively described and include vascular, or intrinsic, causes and impingement, or extrinsic, factors. Other etiologies have also been reported that include trauma, congenital or developmental factors, and instability. For successful treatment of the rotator cuff diseases, it is essential to understand the structure and function of rotator cuff and to clarify the pathogenesis and natural history of its disorder.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.365-370
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• 2007

Purpose: There are many reports about facial bone fractures, but limited to retrospective data of a single hospital. Etiology and severity of the facial bone fracture have been changed and treatment method and materials have been advanced. In order to reflect those changes and provide up-to-date data of the facial bone fractures in Daegu, we gathered the data and analyzed the epidemiologic study. Methods: The medical records of 1058 fractures in 895 patients were gathered from 5 general hospitals in Daegu during last year and these data were analyzed by following parameters: age, sex, place of residence, occupation, cause of injury, time of injury, location of fracture, length of in-hospital stay, time of operation, treatment method, associated injury, complication. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square test. Results: Most commonly involved age group was 20s(26%) and the sex ratio was 3.4:1(male predominance). Fractures were occurred more in unban and white-color workers. Among variable etiology of injury, traffic accident was the most common cause. Time of injury was heighest at 6 to 7 P.M., on Sunday, in July. Locations of fractures were following sequence: nasal, zygoma, mandible, orbit, maxilla. Mean length of in-hospital stay and time of operation after injury were 6.3 and 3.2 days, respectively. In treatment methods, operative methods were dominant than conservative management and general anesthesia were favored than local anesthesia. Associated injuries were noticed in 188 cases(21.2%) and complications were in 94 cases(8.9%) and among them, ocular problem were common. Conclusion: Compared to previous studies, mean age of occurrence was lowered and the etiologies showed age-specific pattern and reflected the change of lifestyle. In young age groups, sports injury, violence were more dominant and the other hand, traffic accident and fall were dominant in older groups.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.555-563
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• 1999

Background: Chronic cough is a common symptom that requires the systematic diagnostic approach for proper evaluation. Postnasal drip syndrome(PNDS), bronchial asthma, gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD), and chronic bronchitis are among the common causes. This study was conducted to evaluate the spectrum and the frequency of the causes of chronic cough. Methods: We prospectively evaluated 93 patients who had chronic cough despite normal chest radiographic finding. History and physical examination were done along with paranasal sinus radiograph, spirometry, bronchoprovocation test and 24-hours' ambulatory aesophageal pH monitoring as necessary. Results: Forty-nine(52%) of the 93 patients had PNDS, 15 patients(16%) bronchitis, 10 patients(11%) asthma, 4 patients (4%) GERD, 7 patients (8%) both PNDS and asthma, 4 patients (4%) undiagnosed condition and 4 patients(4%) were taking ACE inhibitor. Sixty-nine percent of the patients with PNDS improved after follow up, 73% patients with bronchitis, 80% patients with asthma, 50% patients with GERD, 100% patients with both PNDS and asthma, and 100% patients with ACE inhibitor. Conclusion: PNDS was the most common causes of chronic cough. Bronchitis was the second and asthma the third in frequency. The etiology of chronic cough can be determined easily by history and physical examination, successful therapy initiated in most patients. The response to specific therapy also was important in evaluation of chronic cough.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.64-67
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• 2005

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS) is a common disease in the field of otorhinolaryngology and is characterized by repeated upper airway occlusions occurring during sleep. OSAS can occur due to various etiologies of the nasal, oral, pharyngeal and laryngeal airway in adults. Nasal obstruction can be caused by septal deviation, nasal polyps, concha bullosa, choanal atresia, neoplasms, foreign body, postoperative/post-traumatic synechiae, various rhinitis and so on. There are various kinds of surgical treatment of OSAS including nasal surgery, LAUP, UPPP, surgery of tongue base, tracheostomy and so on, but the effect of nasal surgery on snoring and OSAS is controversial. The authors report the case of a patient who had experienced nasal obstruction, moderate snoring and OSAS and who improved after septoplasty and turbinoplasty.