• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.129-132
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• 2004

Ethylene glycol poisoning can cause profound morbidity and is almost universally fatal if untreated. Central nervous system depression, pulmonary edema, and acute oligulic renal failure with crystalluria are among the most commonly encountered complication of ingestion. Ingestion of ethylene glycol may be an important contributor in patients with metabolic acidosis and subsequent renal failure. The diagnosis of ethylene glycol poisoning is based on nonspecific clinical symptoms and signs and indirect and direct laboratory measurement of ethylene glycol. As a result, diagnosis and treatment sometimes can be delayed. We describe 52-year-old man who visited to emergency department with mental change of unknown origin. The patient has high anion gap metabolic acidosis and renal failure due to ingestion of antifreeze that contained ethylene glycol. We used hemodialysis for elimination technique. The patient was discharged with minimal complication.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.22-28
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• 1984

This experiment was carried out to investigate effects of DMSO or ethylene glycol as a cryopotectant and of freezing methods on survival rate of forozen-thawed rat 2-cell embryos by morphological observation. 2-cell embryos were recovered from oviducts of Sprague Dawley females mated with males of same strain on day 2 of pregnancy after inducing superovulation by intrapertioneal injection of PMSG and HCG. In slow freezing and thawing groups, embryos were frozen to -79$^{\circ}C$ or -196$^{\circ}C$ in a glass test tube containing 0.2ml PBI with 1.5M DMSO or 1.2M ethylene glycol at a rate of 0.3-1.0C/min. and thawed slowly. When samples were frozen to -79$^{\circ}C$, higher survival rate was obtained in the medium containing DMSO (43.9%) than ethylene glycol (41%). And similar result was obtained (32.5% in DMSO vs. 31.4% in ethylene glycol) when samples were frozen. In rapid freezing and thawing groups, embryos were frozen to -79 or -196$^{\circ}C$ in a glass test tube containing 0.2ml of PBI with 1.5M DMSO or 1.2M ethylene glycol by rapid cooling, and thawed rapidly. When samples were frozen to -79$^{\circ}C$, 1.5M DMSO (13.2%) was more effective than 1.2M ethylene glycol (6.1%). When the storage temperature was -196$^{\circ}C$, survival rates were 9.8% in 1.5M and 5.4% in 1.2M ethylene glycol.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.327-333
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• 2000

The diagnostic method was, evaluated in experimentally induced acute renal failure in doges. Ten male dogs weighing from 5 to 10 kg were assigned to two groups(gentamicin & ethylene glycol treated group) al random. Gentamicin sulfate at 10 mg/kg of body weight, t.i.d., for 7 days and ethylene glycol at 3 ml/kg of body weight once used in a randomized complete block design with tee treatments in block. The samples(blood, urine) were collected before and 1,3,5,7,9 and l1th day after administration. The serum creatinine concentration and BUN(blood urea nitrogen) were sig- nificantly increased at the 7th day than before administration in gentamicin treated group (p<0.05), bolt there was significant increase at the 1st day than before administration in ethylene glycol treated group(p<0.05). The urine GGT(gramma glutamyl transpeptidase) and GGT/creatinine were significantly increased at the 1st (lay after administration in gentamicin treated group (p<0.05). But in ethylene glycol treated group, there was no significant changes. The value of FENa (fractional excretion of sodium) was significantly increased at the 3rd day after administration in gentamicin treated group and the 1 st day after administration in ethylene glycol treated group (p<0.05). These results suggest that FENa was a good parameter of renal function in dogs with acute renal failure.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.209-214
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• 2007

Sr hexaaluminate($Sr_{1-x}La_xMnAl_{11}O_{19-\alpha}$)와 금속 alkoxide를 전구체로, 1-butanol과 ethylene glycol을 각각 용매로 사용한 sol-gel 법으로 합성하였다. 용매 변화에 따른 Sr hexaaluminate의 물리적 특성을 TG/DTA, XRD 및 $N_2$ adsorption을 이용하여 분석하였다. 합성 후 건조한 시료에 대한 열분해 거동을 분석한 결과는 1-butanol을 용매로 사용하여 합성한 hexaaluminate와 비교할 때, ethylene glycol을 용매로 이용한 경우 용매의 분해반응과 dehydroxylation 반응이 관찰되었고, 결정생성 온도도 상승하였다. Dehydroxylation 반응과 결정생성온도의 상승은 hexaaluminate의 소결현상을 가속시켜 낮은 비표면적의 원인이 되었다. 메탄에 대한 연소 반응으로 표면적 차이가 촉매 활성에 영향을 주었음을 확인하였다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.883-897
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• 1997

Present study was undertaken in order to find out the most significant laboratory test for the early diagnosis of ethylene glycol poisoning in dogs. Seven dogs weighing from 5.0kg to 19.3kg were administered orally 6ml or l0ml of ethylene glycol per kilogram of body weight. In addition to clinical observations, blood samples were taken from the jugular vein on 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours or until death after the adminisration and examined for the hematological, blood chemical, venous blood gas and electrolyte changes. Urine samples were simultaneously taken and examined for pH, protein, glucose and calcium oxalate crystals in the sediments. The results were as follows : 1. All dogs showed marked hypothermia in addition to the characteristic signs of ethylene glycol poisoning until death. 2. No significant hematological changes were observable after the administration of ethylene glycol except the secondary dehydration and stress leukogram. 3. Chemical values related to the liver function(serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, total serum protein, serum albumin, serum total bilirubin) showed no significant changes during the experimental period in all dogs. 4. Chemical values related to the renal function(BUN and creatinine) showed significant(p<0.0l, p<0.001) increase from 24 hours to death in all dogs. 5. All dogs showed significant(p<0.01, p<0.001) decrease in blood pH from 3 hours to death after the ethylene glycol administration. 6. All dogs showed significant(p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001) increaes in anion gap from 1 hour to death after the ethylene glycol administration. 7. All dogs showed significant(p<0.05, p<0.01) decrease in urine pH from 1 hour to 6 hours after the administration of ethylene glycol. 8. Characteristic envelope form of calcium oxalate crystals were found in the urinary sediment from 6 hours after the administration of ethylene glycol in all dogs. 9. Histologically calcium oxalate crystals were found in the renal rubles in all dogs. 10. From these results, it may be concluded that the examinations of urinary sediments for the calcium oxalate crystals, blood or urinary pH and blood anion gap are most reliable tests for the early diagnosis of ethylene glycol poisoning in dogs.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.377-383
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 제주흑우의 유전자원 보존과 증식을 위한 안정적인 동결정액 제조법을 수립하기 위하여 제주흑우의 정액 동결 제조에 있어 동결 융해 후 ethylene glycol이 정자의 운동성, 생존율 그리고 첨체에 미치는 영향에 대하여 알아보고자 수행하였다. 제주흑우의 동결정액제조시 5%의 ethylene glycol의 첨가가 $72.5{\pm}5.00%$의 활력과 $54.88{\pm}0.66%$의 생존율 그리고 $46.00{\pm}2.40%$의 정자막 온전성을 나타내 3%와 5%의 ethylene glycol을 첨가한 실험구보다 유의적으로 높은 결과를 나타냈다(p<0.05). 또한, 7% glycerol을 사용한 실험구와 비교하였을 때 5% ethylene glycol을 첨가하였을 때 유의적으로 높은 생존율과 정자막 온전성을 나타냈다(p<0.05). 또한, 예비 동결 조건이 정자의 성상에 미치는 영향에 있어서는 3 cm, 5분 예비동결 실험구에서 생존율과 정자막 온전성이 유의적으로 감소하였다(p<0.05). Ethylene glycol이 정자의 첨체 양상에 미치는 영향에 있어서는 5%와 7%의 ethylene glycol을 사용하였을 때 효과적으로 첨체가 보호되어 F pattern의 비율이 유의적으로 높게 나타났으며(p<0.05), 조기 첨체 반응도 유의적으로 낮은 수준을 보였다(p<0.05). 그러나 7%의 glycerol과 비교하였을 때는 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았으며, 5%와 7% ethylene glycol 사이의 유의적 차이도 나타나지 않았다. 예비 동결 조건이 정자의 첨체 양상에 미치는 영향에 있어서는 역시 정자의 생존율과 정자막 온전성과 같이 3 cm, 5분 예비동결 시 유의적인 F pattern의 감소와 조기 첨체 반응에 의한 AR paattern의 증가를 볼 수 있었다(p<0.05). 이와 같은 결과는 본 연구에서 사용된 ethylene glycol과 예비동결 조건의 조합으로 나타난 결과를 활용하여, 희소가축의 생식세포 보존 및 유전자원 확립을 위한 중요한 자료가 될 것이며, 생존율과 운동성 증대를 위한 다양한 희석제를 활용한 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.57-62
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• 1991

ABA type block copolymers composed of poly($\gamma-benzyl$ L-glutamate) (PBLG) as the A component and poly (ethylene glycol) as the B component were obtained by polymerization of $\gamma-benzyl$ L-gletamate N -carboxyanhydride, initiated by amino groups at both ends of poly(ethylene glycol) . From circular dichroism measurements in ethylene dichloride solution as well as from infrared spectTa measurements in solid state, it was found that the polypep- tide block exists in the a-helical conformation, as in PBLG homopolymer. $Poly-N^5$ (3-hydroxypropyl glutamine) (PHPG)/poly(ethylene glycol)block copolymer hydrogel was obtained by the treatment of PBLG/PBG block copolymer with the mixture of 3-ammine-1-propanol and diamlnooctane. The water content of PHPG/PEG block copolymer hydrogel was about 80wt% when the concentration of crosslinking agent was below 5 mole % per polymer.

• 접착 및 계면
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.14-20
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• 2003

UV 경화에 사용되는 poly(ethylene glycol 400) dimethacrylate(PEGA400DMA)와 ethylene glycol dimethacrylate(EGDMA)를 사용하여 모노머(monomer)의 종류에 따른 경화거동과 광개시제의 양과 온도에 따른 경화 거동을 photo-DSC를 사용하여 살펴보았다. Ethylene glycol의 단위길이가 늘어날수록, 광개시제의 양이 증가할수록, 반응 온도가 높을수록 경화속도가 빠르게 일어났다. 또한 PEG400DMA의 반응속도가 EGDMA보다 느리게 나타났지만 전환률은 높게 나타남을 알 수 있었다.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.156-160
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• 2003

Poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalate) (PEN)/Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) copolymers were synthesized by two step reaction during the melt copolymerization process. The first step was the esterification reaction of dimethyl-2,6-naphthalenedicarbox-ylate (2,6-NDC) and ethylene glycol (EG). The second step was the condensation polymerization of bishydroxyethylnaphthalate (BHEN) and PEG. The copolymers contained 10 mol% of PEG units with different molecular weights. Structures and thermal properties of the copolymers were studied by using $^1{H-NMR}$, DSC, TGA, etc. Especially, while the intrinsic viscosities of PEN/PEG copolymers increased with increasing molecular weights of PEG, but the glass transition temperature, the cold crystallization temperature, and the weight loss temperature of the copolymers decreased with increasing molecular weights of PEG. Consequently, the hydrophilicities by means of contact angle measurement and moisture content of the copolymer films were found to be significantly improved with increasing molecular weights of PEG.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.315-320
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• 2012

For proper functioning, general machines usually need lubricant oil as a cooling, cleaning, and sealing agent at points of mechanical contact. The quality of lubricant oil can deteriorate during operation owing to various causes such as high temperature, combustion products and extraneous impurities. In this study, a heavy load stopped during operation, and the oil was analyzed to check whether any impurities were added. Extraction using acetonitrile followed by reaction with BSTFA(bistrimethylsilyl trifluoroacetamide) showed that, trimethylsilylated ethylene glycol was present in the lubricant oil. To quantify the ethylene glycol in the oil, deuterium-substituted ethylene glycol, which acted as an internal standard, was added to the sample and then extracted with the solvent. Next, the extract was reacted with the derivatizing agent(BSTFA) and then analyzed with GC/MS. The detection limit of this method was found to be $0.5{\mu}g/g$ and the recovery of oil containing $20,000{\mu}g/g$ of ethylene glycol was measured to be 94.8%. A damaged O-ring and eroded cylinder liner were found during the overhaul, which implied the leakage of coolant containing ethylene glycol into the lubricating system. The erosion of the cylinder liner was assumed to be due to cavitation of the coolant in the cooling system.