• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.197-204
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• 2010

To establish the anti-inflammatory activity of the total flavonoid fraction of the root barks of Broussonetia papyrifera (EBP) and a new formula, the ethanol extract of the root barks of B. papyrifera was fractionated with ethylacetate, yielding the hydrophobic prenylated flavonoid-enriched fraction. EBP and the ethanol extract of the whole Lonicera japonica (ELJ) plant were then mixed at a ratio of 1:1 (w/w) to give a new preparation (BL) in the hope of obtaining an optimal formula with a higher anti-inflammatory activity. Evaluation of the effects of these preparations on A23187-treated rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-1) cells revealed that EBP potently inhibited 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), while ELJ showed weak inhibition. Additionally, the mixture (BL) clearly showed stronger inhibitory effects against 5-LOX than either preparation alone. These preparations also inhibited cyclooxygenase-2-catalyzed $PGE_2$ and inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase-catalyzed NO production by lipopolysaccharide-treated RAW 264.7 cells. When tested against arachidonic acid-induced mouse ear edema, EBP showed strong inhibitory activity at doses of 5-200 mg/kg when administered orally, but BL had obviously stronger inhibitory effects. When tested against ${\lambda}$-carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice, BL showed a potent and synergistic anti-inflammatory effect. In addition, in the acetic acid-induced writhing test, BL was found to have strong analgesic activity at 50-400 mg/kg. Taken together, these results indicate that each of these preparations exert anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo. In particular, BL showed stronger anti-inflammatory activity than EBP, and these anti-inflammatory effects were partially related to the inhibition of eicosanoid and NO production. BL may be useful for the treatment of human inflammatory disorders.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.33 no.2 s.95
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• pp.137-144
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• 2007

Yam, Prunella was stepwise extracted with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water. Anti-microbial activity of each extract was investigated. Hexane extract was tested for anti-microbial effect on Streptocaccus mutans, one of causative factor of dental caries. Methanol extracts of 7 plants were investigated to anti-microbial effects on S. mutans KCTC 5316, P. gingivalis KCTC 5352, S. aureus KCTC 1927 by means of agar diffusion method. Methanol extract of Yam and Prunella revealed anti-microbial activity against S. mutans, P. gingivalis, and S. aureus. Also, hexane fraction of Yam revealed anti-microbial activity against S. mutans. In sequence of hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, butanol fraction by Prunelia acted as potent anti-microbial agent on P. gingivalis. The measured MIC of hexane fraction of Yam and Prunella on S. mutans KCTC 5316 strain was 0.25 mg/ml and 0.5 mg/ml and the MIC of hexane fraction of Prunella on S. aureus was 0.5 mg/ml. The hexane fraction of Yam and Prunella suppressed viable ceil counts(VCC) of S. mutans, especially after 24 hrs. The Prunella hexane fraction suppressed VCC of S. aureus, after 12 and 24 hrs. Tested concentrations were 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 mg/ml. the results were compared with control (0 mg/ml). The pH of S. mutans media and GTase activity were determined to evaluate the anticariogenic activity of Yam, Prunella hexane fraction. The pH were increased from 5.6 to 7.0-7.2 in concentration of 2.0 mg/ml. Yam hexane extraction revealed 35% inhibition to GTase activity and Punella inhibited 25% of GTase. These results suggest that the hexane extracts of Yam and prunella have Antibacterial activities against S. mutans, P. gingivalis, S. aureus and have preventive effect on dental caries.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.401-411
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• 2003

One of the most important characteristics in the seventh educational course is an enforcement of differentiated level curriculum. Therefore, development of various different level educational subjects is needed. A new chromatographic experimental kit which is helpful for middle school students to understand chromatographic principles is needed to correct some mistakes of chromatographic part within the 6th educational course's middle school textbook. In this research, a new thin layer chromatography(TLC) experimental kit for middle school students are developed by using acid-base indicator as samples and ethyl alcohol, ethylacetate, hexane as eluents. The kit is applied to two kinds of middle school student groups(general group & genius group) and two kinds of teacher groups(science teacher & non-science teacher) and an efficacy of the new chromatographic kits are evaluated through making up some questions.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.527-537
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• 1997

This study was performed to determine the effects of antimutagenicity of Porturaca oleracea L. in Korea. In Ames test, the ethanol extract of Poturaca oleracea L. inhibited mutagenic activity of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG), , 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide(4NQO), benzo($\alpha$)pyrene (B($\alpha$)P) and 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido-(4,3-b)indole (Trp-P-1) in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100. But hot-water extract Poturaca oleracea L. only Inhibited mutagenic activity of MNNG in Salmonella typhimurium TA100, On 4NQO, the ethanol extract 100-1,600$\mu\textrm{g}$/plate of Porturaca oleracea L. showed a slight inhibitory effect of 13-48%, 4-47% in TA98 and TA100, respectively, but on MNNG, it showed higher inhibitory effect of 6-86% in TA100, And the treatment of 1,600$\mu\textrm{g}$/plate of ethanol extract of Porturacea L. had strong antimutagenicity with 74-87% inhibition against TA98 and TA100 induced by B(a)P and with 85-93% inhibition against TA98 and TA100 induced by Trp-P-1. The ethanol extract was fractionated with ether. chloroform, ethylacetate, butanol and water. Among them, most of the fraction except water fraction showed strong antimutagenicity effects against mutation induced by 4-NQO, MNNG, B(a)P and Trp-P-1. Chloroform fraction had strong antimutagenicity with 91% inhibition against TA100 induced by MNNG, diethyl etherfraction had strong antimutagenicity with 92%, 98% inhibition against TA98 and TA100 induced by 4NQO, Chloroform fraction had strong antimutagenicity with 97% inhibition against TA100 induced by B (a)P and diethyl etherfraction had strong antimutagenicity with 98% inhibition against both strain Induced by Trp-P-1, respectively.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.198-206
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• 2008

갯쑥(Artemisia fukudo Makino, 일명 바다쑥)은 바닷가 염전 주변 습지에서 자라는 염생식물로 어린 갯쑥은 나물로 먹어왔으며, 민간에서 간에 좋다고 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 염생식물의 기능 성분을 탐색하는 연구의 일환으로 마우스유래 대식세포주인 RAW264.7세포를 이용하여 갯쑥의 nitric oxide(NO) 생성 억제 작용을 알아보고자 하였다. 갯쑥은 methanol 추출과 열수 추출한 후 농축하여 실험하였고, methanol 추출물은 다시 hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, butanol, water로 순차 용매 분획하여 농축하여, 각각의 추출물을 RAW 264.7 세포에 농도별 분획별로 처리한 후 LPS와 interferon-${\gamma}$로 자극한 RAW 264.7 세 포주의 NO 생성을 측정하여 NO 생성 저해율을 구하였다. 갯쑥 methanol 추출물의 높은 NO 생성 저해율과 iNOS 활성 저해율을 나타내었으며(IR=90.7%과 IR=81.6%), 각각의 추출물중 분획물이 100${\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 hexane 분획물이 가장 높은 NO 생성 저해 효과(IR=92.1%)와 iNOS 활성 억제 효과(IR=85.0%)를 나타내었다. 갯쑥의 methanol 추출물, hexane과 chloroform 분획물에서 높은 NO 생성 저해 효과를 나타내어 새로운 암 예방인자 물질로 기대되며, 따라서 본 연구 결과는 암 예방인자 분리를 위한 기초 자료가 될 것이며, 나아가 성분 분리 연구와 동물 실험을 통한 기전 연구가 수행되어야 할 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.698-703
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• 1994

In spore rec-assay using B. subtillus H17(rec) and M 45(rec) , the ethanol extract of buckwheat leaves showed antimutagenicity in condition of low concentrations, but its did comutagenicity in condition of high concentrations. In Ames test, the ethanol extract of buckwheat leaves reduced the mtabenicity of N-methyl-N' -nitro-N-nitrosoguaidine (MNNG), benzo (a) pyrene(B($\alpha$)P), 2-amino-fluorene(2AF), and 3-amino -1, 4-dime-thyl-5-H-pyrido(4, 3-b) indol(Trp-P-1) in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100. The ethanol extract was fractionated by hexane, ethylacetate, butanol and water. Among Them hexane fraction showed the highest inhibition rate on the mutagenicity of B($\alpha$)P, and so did chloroform fraction on the mutagenicity of MNNG in S. typhimurium Ta98 and TA100. To elucidate the antimutagenic mechanism of the ethanol extract, it was mixed and co-incubated with various metagens, S9 mix, and the bacteria with different experimental orders and different reaction times. The ethanol extract did not affect reversion rate of pre-mutated. S.typhimurium. However, when the ethanol extract was added to the mutagens before their interaction with S.typhimurium , it reduced the mutation rate to 152$\pm$12-273$\pm$18 colonies/plates in case of MNNG, and 135$\pm$13-195$\pm$10 colonies/ plates in case of B($\alpha$)P), showing strong desmutagenic activity.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.206-215
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• 1999

Volatile flavor components in five varieties, Bekdo, Chundo, Yumung, Daegubo and Hwangdo, of peach (Prunus persica L.) were extracted by SDE (Simultaneous steam distillation and extraction) method using the mixture of n-pentane and diethylether(1:1, v/v) as an extract solvent. Analysis of the concentrate by capillary gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry led to the identification of 83, 85, 70, 74 and 66 components in Bekdo, Chundo, Yumung, Daegubo and Hwangdo, respectively. Aroma patterns (29 alcohols, 27 ketones, 18 aldehydes, 9 esters, 5 ethers, 3 acids, 6 terpene and derivatives, and 26 miscellaneous) were identified and quantified in five cultivars. Ethyl acetate, hexanal, o-xylene, (E)-2-hexenal, hexanol, (E)-2-hexen-1-ol, benzaldehyde, r-decalactone and r-dodecalactone were the main components in each samples, though there were several differences in composition of volatile components. Beside C$\_$6/ compounds, a series of saturated and unsaturated r- and $\delta$-lactones ranging from chain length C$\_$6/ to C$\_$l2/, with concentration maxima for r-decalactone and r-dodecalactone, were a major class of constituents. Lactones and peroxidation products of unsaturated fatty acid (i.e. C$\_$6/ aldehydes and alcohols) were major constituents of the extract.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.8-12
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• 2005

This study was performed to determine the inhibitory effects on cell survival and Quinone reductase induced activity of Aster yomena (AY) on human cancer cells which, using methanol, was extracted and fractionated into five different solvent types: hexane (AYMH), ethylether (AYMEE), ethylacetate (AYMEA), butanol (AYMB) and aqueous (AYMA) partition layers. The experiment was conducted to determine cytotoxicity of various Aster yomena partition layers on HepG2, HeLa and MCF-7 cells by MTT assay. Among various partition layers of Aster yomena, A YMEE and A YMEA showed the strong cytotoxic effects on all cancer cell lines we used. The Quinone reductase (QR) induced activity on HepG2 cells, A YMH at a does of 100 $\mu$g/mL was 2.46 times more effective compared to the control value of 1.0.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2011

Objective ： Lonicera japonica contains anti complementary polysaccharides and polyphenolic compound. Among these polyphenolic substances, chlorogenic acid is the major active component of this plant. However, the immunological mechanisms for these activities, have not been elucidated, nor the active components. To clarify immunomodulatory effects of those we examined the relationship between the activity of CD8+ T cell-mediated lysis and the frequency of cytokine profiles in spleen, thymus (especially IFN-${\gamma}$, IL-4, GM-CSF etc.) expressing CD8+ T cells activated by IL-2. Methods : To study immunomodulatory effects ethyl acetate fraction from Lonicera japonica, chlorogenic acid on cytokine gene expression from spleen, thymus cells, RT-PCR was performed after quantitative normalization for each gene by a densitometry using ${\beta}$-actin gene expression. A modified standard $^{51}Cr$-release assay was used to measure cytotoxic activities of cytotoxic T cells. Spleen, thymus cells from NOD mice were stained with CD3, CD4, CD44, CD69 in staining buffer and analyzed by two color flow cytometry. Results : We showed that ethyl acetate fraction from Lonicera japonica in combination with IL-2 resulted in a significant enhancement of PCR products for IFN-${\gamma}$, IL-4, IL-10, GM-CSF, IL-6 and cytotoxtic CD8+ T cell proportion in spleen and thymus T cells in NOD mice. This suggests that IFN-${\gamma}$, IL-6 like IL-4 may be acting as a regulatory rather than proinflammatory cytokine. Conclusions : In conclusion, based on the results of the present study which showed that ethyl acetate fraction from Lonicera japonica and chlorogenic acid upregulating cytokine gene expression in spleen and thymus, we are tempted to speculate that some of the therapeutic efficacies such as anti-diabetic activity of Lonicera japonica are due to the immunomodulatory its ethylacetate fraction and chlorogenic acid.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1364-1369
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• 2017

There is a growing demand for natural sleep aids due to various side effects of long-term administration of pharmacological treatments for insomnia. Honey has been reported to exhibit numerous potential health benefits, and it is hypothesized that honey may favorably affect insomnia treatment. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate the possible hypnotic effect of clover honey (CH) and to determine its in vivo mechanism. The total flavonoid content (TFC) of CH and fractions extracted with ethylacetate (EtOAc) and $H_2O$ was measured. The pentobarbital-induced sleep test using $GABA_A$-benzodiazepine (BZD) agonists and antagonists was conducted to evaluate the potential mechanism of action behind the sedative-hypnotic activity of CH in mice. The results showed that administration of 500 and 1,000 mg/kg of CH significantly (p<0.01) reduced the sleep latency to a level similar to that of diazepam (DZP, 2 mg/kg), and 1,000 mg/kg of CH significantly (p<0.01) prolonged the sleep duration, which was comparable to that of DZP (2 mg/kg). Administration of the EtOAc fraction with a higher TFC significantly reduced the sleep latency at 50 to 200 mg/kg and prolonged the sleep duration at 100 to 200 mg/kg, which were comparable to those after administration of DZP (2 mg/kg). However, co-administration of CH and EtOAc with flumazenil, a specific $GABA_A-BZD$ receptor antagonist, blocked the hypnotic effect. Our findings suggest that the hypnotic activity of CH may be attributed to allosteric modulation of $GABA_A-BZD$ receptors. The TFC of CH is expected to be a key factor that contributes to its hypnotic effect.