• SUVANNABHUMI
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.85-108
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• 2017

This paper argues that Thailand's internal colonial model is facing severe challenges: no longer is it so possible to suppress local and regional identities, or to submerge ethnic difference in an all-embracing but potentially suffocating blanket of "Thainess." In recent decades, Thailand's diverse localities have become increasingly assertive. This is most acutely the case in the insurgency-affected southern border provinces of Pattani, Yala, and Narathiwat, but also applies in the "red' (pro-Thaksin) dominated North and Northeast. As the old ruling elite faces serious legitimacy challenges, Thailand's emerging post-colonial politics may require a radical rethinking of the relationship between center and periphery.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Toocicology Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.177-177
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• 2003

Adult periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease whose etiology is not well defined. Recent studies have shown that vitamin D receptor gene has been a candidate for the susceptibility of adult periodontitis. The purpose of this study is to investigate the frequency of Taq I restriction fragment length polymorphism (RELP) in the vitamin D receptor gene in 141 periodontically healthy controls and 32 adult periodontitis patients. Taq I RFLP in the vitamin D receptor gene were detected by PCR amplification, followed by restriction enzyme digestion and 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. There were no significant difference in the distribution of Taq I RFLP between healthy controls and adult periodontitis group (P > 0.05). Thus, Taq I RFLP in the vitamin D receptor gene may not confer the susceptibility to adult periodontitis in Korean population. However, t allele distributions of this RFLP showed various frequencies among ethnic groups studied. Further studies in other ethnic groups will be required.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.67-77
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• 2003

This study is to compare health related behaviors among Chinese, Korean Chinese in a Yanbian Province with a population of mainly Korean descendents and Koreans in Kangwon Province, Korea. Cross-sectional surveys were used to identify self-rated health, smoking, alcohol use, exercise and other lifestyle variables. A total of 739 Chinese, 663 Korean Chines, and 639 Koreans were surveyed using self-administered questionnaires. Few Korean Chinese(13.9%) reported they were healthy compared with Chinese(38.7%) and Koreans(36.3%). There was no difference in the prevalence of smoking by ethnic groups. More Koreans(48.5%) and Chinese Koreans(44.5%) reported drinking alcohol compared with Chinese(37.2%)(p < .001). Compared Chinese and Korean Chinese, fewer Koreans reported regular diet, exercise, health screening, and deep sleeping patterns. The lifestyle variables that affect the prevalence of disease were different by ethnic groups. In conclusion, ethnicity was shown to be an independent factor in relation to self-rated health, alcohol use, and other health lifestyle behaviors.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.31-39
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• 2019

Purpose - This study aims to investigate and analyze the factors that affect women's work productivity based on ethnic in the food and beverage industry. Also, it is also to determine whether there are differences in the productivity of female workers based on these ethnic groups. Research design, data, and Methodology - The approach of this research is quantitative by using multiple linear regression analysis and analysis of different tests using SPSS and tested on 114 samples of female workers in various small-scale, medium-sized food and beverage industry categories and large in Makassar City, Indonesia. Determination of samples based on proportional stratified sampling. Industry sampling criteria based on some workers, assets and wealth. Results and Conclusions - The results of this study state that health, years of service, work ethic, age, wages, and work environment have a significant effect on work productivity. While the level of education, the number of dependents does not have a considerable impact, the fact that there is a difference in the productivity index of female workers in a significant sector is compared to small and medium scale enterprises, including the variables of government policies related to pension insurance, work accident insurance and health insurance.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.576-580
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• 2004

Primaquine is used for relapses caused by vivax malaria hypnozoites. No studies on the pharmacokinetics of primaquine (PMQ) has been reported in Korean patients. In our study, thirty vivax malaria patients were given 15 mg primaquine daily for 14 days after 3 days of chloroquine treatment. Plasma samples were taken at intervals after each daily dose of PMQ for 3 days. Plasma concentrations of PMQ and carboxyprimaquine (CPMQ), the major metabolite of primaquine, were measured by HPLC. The PMQ concentrations reached a maximum of 0.28$\pm$0.18 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL at 1.5 h after the first dose. The maximum concentration of CPMQ was 0.32$\pm$0.13 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL at 4 h. Higher drug concentrations with repeated dosing were observed for CPMQ, but not for the parent drug, PMQ. The elimination half-life was 3.76$\pm$1.8 hand 15.7$\pm$12.2 h, for PMQ and CPMQ, respectively. Large variation in the plasma concentrations of both drugs was observed. Overall, PMQ is absorbed and metabolized rapidly after oral administration. It was noted that the mean peak plasma concentration of PMQ was significantly higher and that of CPMQ was lower in our patients compared to other studies. This suggests a potential difference of inter-ethnic groups, which warrants further investigations.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.83-112
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• 2016

Increase of immigrants in Korean society means that ethnic and cultural diversity witnessed in Western immigration countries is also appearing in overall Korean society. The purpose of this study is to suggest policy directions which fit multicultural society in the future by comparing and analyzing the difference in the recognition of multiculturalism between Koreans and immigrants. As the result of empirical analysis, it turned out that there is difference in recognition between Koreans and immigrants, for which different policy directions are required. First, it was contact experience that decided Koreans' multicultural attitudes. High level of influence of contact experience means that although Koreans take multicultural society as granted, they actually have low level of contact experience with immigrants, which requires policy tools to convert actual strengthened contact experience into positive directions. Second, in the case of immigrants, the less they recognize discrimination and the more bias is fortified, the more they accept multiculturalism as a threat. This exhibits their dual sense of identity in which they recognize themselves as foreigners toward Koreans but they distinguish themselves from other foreigners. Thus, assimilation to Korean society is not deemed to be the only alternative and Korean society needs to practice genuine multiculturalism to strengthen immigrants' ethnic identity. Study also conducted in-depth discussions on the implications of above results.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.6391-6395
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• 2012

Background: Ovarian cancer is ranked as the fifth most common cause of cancer death in women. In Malaysia, it is the fourth most common cancer in females. CA125 has been the tumor marker of choice in ovarian cancer but its diagnostic specificity in early stages is only 50%. Hence, there is a critical need to identify an alternative tumor marker that is capable of detecting detect ovarian cancer at an early stage. HE4 is a new tumor marker proposed for the early diagnosis of ovarian cancer and disease recurrence. Currently, none of the normal ranges of HE4 quoted in the literature are based on data for a multiethnic Asian population. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine reference intervals for HE4 in an Asian population presenting in University Malaya Medical Centre, a tertiary reference hospital. Materials and Methods: 300 healthy women were recruited comprising 150 premenopausal and 150 postmenopausal women, aged from 20-76 years. All women were subjected to a pelvic ultrasonograph and were confirmed to be free from ovarian pathology on recruitment. Serum HE4 levels were determined by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA, Abbott Architect). The reference intervals were determined following CLSI guidelines (C28-A2) using a non-parametric method. Results: The upper limits of the $95^{th}$ percentile reference interval (90%CI) for all the women collectively were 64.6 pmol/L, and 58.4 pmol/L for premenopausal) and 69.0 pmol/L for postmenopausal. The concentration of HE4 was noted to increase with age especially in women who were more than 50 years old. We also noted that our proposed reference limit was lower compared to the level given by manufacturer Abbott Architect HE4 kit insert (58.4 vs 70 pmol/L for premenopausal group and 69.0 vs 140 pmol/L in the postmenopausal group). The study also showed a significant difference in HE4 concentrations between ethnic groups (Malays and Indians). The levels of HE4 in Indians appeared higher than in Malays (p<0.05), while no significant differences were noted between the Malays and Chinese ethnic groups. Conclusions: More data are needed to establish a reference interval that will better represent the multiethnic Malaysian population. Probably a larger sampling size of equal representation of the Malay, Chinese, Indians as well as the other native ethnic communities will give us a greater confidence on whether genetics plays a role in reference interval determination.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.291-299
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• 2022

This study aims to study the effect of K-beauty brand's social responsibility activities on purchase intention through value, and to conduct a comparative study using Korean and Chinese data. To To test the hypothesis, a total of 480 data were collected from Korean and Chinese and analyzed using SPSS 27 and LISREL 8.8. As a result, it was found that economic responsibility affect efficient value, and ethical responsibility positively affect social·ethnic value. Also, the effect of efficient value and social·ethnic value on purchase intention had also positive effect for both Korean and Chinese. Regarding the difference in path coefficient, it was found that the influence of social·ethnic value on purchase intention was greater for Chinese than for Korean. These research results expand the theory of K-beauty brands' social responsibility activities and provide practical applications for K-beauty brands operating in China. If a comparative study on the impact of other social responsibility activities is conducted in the future, better implications can be provided.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.75-81
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• 2004

Bone mineral density (BMD) is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Among genetic study; calcitonin receptor (CTR) gene is a good candidate influencing the inter-individual difference in BMD because CTR is involved in calcium and bone metabolism. Thus, we investigated the distribution of C1377T polymorphism in the CTR gene among male Korean elite athletic and control groups, respectively and also an association with BMD in lumbar spine and femoral neck. Our results suggested that this polymorphism of CTR gene was not significantly associated with lumbar spine or femoral neck BMDs in the both groups, respectively. However, we found that there was the racial difference in genotype distribution of this polymorphism between Caucasian and Asian populations. Though we could not detect the significant association between C1377T polymorphism of CTR gene and lumbar spine or femoral neck BMDs, further studies using other ethnic groups are necessary to clarify the precise role in BMD of CTR gene.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.24
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• pp.103-120
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• 1995

The Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region to from the most of Eastern turkistan is located at North-wetern part of China, and it is the center to form the famous silk-road historically. In th exinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region there are 47 nationalities. In this study, the researcher studied the historical background, and the traditional culture about dress sand ornaments of 4 nationalities (that is Uighur, Kazakh, Kirgiz and Tajik). The results of the present study are as follows : In the basic structure of traditional costume by races, there is not big difference. Then , in men , the trousers and the shirts of funic type become the basis with the style which is convenient to act. And , to wear vest , or jacket , or chanban, over it makes a little difference . In women also, same structure shows with the form to wear vest or outerwear, on the basis of one piece. But , in a small hat, heat wear, color contrast, and decoration element etc. , strict difference is showing. After all, they show very similar clothing life culture basically in natural environment, religion , and life habit etc. But, the discrimination is made in the detailed side. So , it can be said that they show the conservative nature of nationalities, and have preserved the unigue identity of their own culture.