• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.171-181
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• 2016

In this work, synergistic corrosion inhibition effect of nitrite and 3 kinds of ethanolamines on ductile cast iron using chemical and electrochemical methods was evaluated. This work attempts to clarify the synergistic effect of nitrite and ethanolamines. The effects of single addition of TEA, DEA, and MEA, and mixed addition of nitrite plus TEA, DEA or MEA on the corrosion inhibition of ductile cast iron in a tap water were evaluated. A huge amount of single addition of ethanolamine was needed. However, the synergistic effect by mixed addition was observed regardless of the combination of nitrite and triethanolamines, but their effects increased in a series of MEA + nitrite > DEA + nitrite > TEA + nitrite. This tendency of synergistic effect was attributed to the film properties and polar effect; TEA addition couldn't form the film showing high film resistance and semiconductive properties, but DEA or MEA could build the film having relatively high film resistance and n-type semiconductive properties. Moreover, it can be explained that this behaviour was closely related to electron attractive group within the ethanolamines, and thus corrosion inhibition power depends upon the number of the electron attractive group of MEA, DEA, and TEA.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.143-148
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• 1986

우리나라에서 재배된 4품종의 멥쌀과 2품종의 찹쌀 중의 극성지방질의 조성에 대하여 비교 연구하였다. 멥쌀과 찹쌀 중의 당지방질의 주요성분은 esterified sterylglycosides, monogalactosyl diglycerides, steryl glycosides, digalactosyl diglycerides 및 cerebrosides 였으며, 이들 함량은 멥쌀과 찹쌀간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 멥쌀과 찹쌀 중의 인지방질의 주요성분은 Iysophosphatidyl cholines, phosphatidyl cholines, phosphatidyl inositols 및 phosphatidyl ethanolamines 이였다. 그러나 lysophosphatidyl cholines과 phosphatidyl cholines은 멥쌀이 찹쌀에서 보다 많이 함유되어 있었고. phosphatidyl ethanolamines 과 phosphatidyl inositols는 찹쌀이 멥쌀에서 보다 많이 함유되어 있었다. 멥쌀과 찹쌀의 당 및 인지방질 획분의 주요 지방산은 palmitic, linoleic 및 oleic acid였다. 그러나 당지방질 획분 중의 palmitic acid는 멥쌀이 찹쌀에서 보다 함량이 높았고, 인지방질 획분 중의 oleic 및 stearic acid는 멥쌀이 찹쌀에서보다 적었으나, linoleic acid는 멥쌀이 찹쌀에서 보다 많았다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.25-30
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• 1989

가열처리 및 건조방법이 새우의 극성지방질에 미치는 영향을 밝히고자하였다. 새우중의 당지방질의 주요성분은 esterified steryl glycoside, monogalactosyl diglyceride 및 steryl glycoside 이었으며, 열풍건조한 것은 동결건조한 것보다 esterified steryl glycoside 함량은 유의적으로 많은 반면에 monogalactosyl diglyceride 함량은 적었다. 새우중의 인지방질의 주요성분은 phosphatidyl enthanolamine, phosphatidyl choline phosphatidic acid, phosphatidyl inositol, phosphatidyl serine 이었으며, phosphatidic acid 함량은 가열처리 하지 않고 열풍건조한 것은 8.3%, 동결건조한 것은 5.9%로서 전자가 후자보다 유의적으로 많았고, phosphatidyl ethanolamine 함량은 마이크로파 처리 할 경우 동결건조한 것은 열풍건조한 것보다 그 함량이 많은 반면에 phosphatidyl choline함량은 적었다. 생새우의 당 및 인지방질 획분의 주요 지방산은 pentadecanoic acid palmitic acid oleic acid, nervonic acid 및 eicosapentaenoic acid 이었다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.438-444
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• 2012

N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) including endocannabinoids, anadamide, are long chain fatty acid ethanolamines and express ubiquitously in animal and plant tissues. NAEs have several pharmacological effects including anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anorexic effects. The levels of NAEs in tissues are strictly regulated by synthesizing and hydrolyzing enzymes because NAEs are not stored in the cell but rather made on demand. NAEs are hydrolyzed to free fatty acids and ethanolamines by fatty acid amide hydrolase and N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase (NAAA). Here, we suggest the fluorescence-based assay system for NAAA. We developed N-(4-methy-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl)palmitamide (PAAC) as a fluorogenic substrate for NAAA and we also generated NAAA stably expressing COSM6 cell line. When extracts of cells expressing NAAA were incubated with PAAC, NAAA specifically hydrolyzed PAAC to palmitic acids and fluorogenic dye, coumarin. Release of coumarin was monitored by using fluorometer. NAAA hydrolyzed PAAC with an apparent Km of $20.05{\mu}M$ and Vmax of 32.18 pmol/mg protein/min. This assay system can be used to develop inhibitors or activators of NAAA.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.175-182
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• 2010

Objectives: This study examined how ethanolamines (EAs) with the same functional alcohol group ($HOCH_2CH_2$), such as mono-EA (MEA), di-EA (DEA), and tri-EA (TEA), in water-based metalworking fluids (wbMWFs) are vaporized, condensed, and transformed by heat generated during metalworking. Methods: Two types of experimental apparatus were manufactured to achieve these objectives. Results: Vaporization tests using a water bath showed that the vaporization rate increased markedly from $0.19\;mg/m^2{\cdot}min$ at $23.5^{\circ}C$ to $8.04\;mg/m^2{\cdot}min$ at $60^{\circ}C$. Chamber tests with a heat bulb revealed that "spiked" MEA was fully recovered, while only 13.32% of DEA and no TEA were recovered. Interestingly, non-spiked types of EAs were detected, indicating that heat could convert EAs with more alcohol groups (TEA or DEA) into other EAs with fewer group(s) (DEA or MEA). The EA composition in fresh fluid was 4% DEA, 66% TEA, and 30% MEA, and in used fluids (n = 5) was 12.4% DEA, 68% TEA, and 23% MEA. Conversion from TEA into DEA may therefore contribute to the DEA increment. Airborne TEA was not detected in 13 samples taken from the central coolant system and near a conveyor belt where no machining work was performed. The DEA concentration was $0.45\;mg/m^3$ in the only two samples from those locations. In contrast, airborne MEA was found in all samples (n = 53) regardless of the operation type. Conclusion: MEAs easily evaporated even when MWFs were applied, cleaned, refilled, and when they were in fluid storage tanks without any metalworking being performed. The conversion of TEA to DEA and MEA was found in the machining operations.

• 임산에너지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2002

도서관이나 문서보관소에서 책이나 서류를 보존하는데 있어 중요한 문제점 중의 하나는 종이의 열화이다. 그러므로 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해서는 종이의 열화의 주요 원인을 규명할 필요가 있다. 몇몇의 학자들이 이에 대한 연구를 수행한 결과 종이 열화의 주요 원인으로서 종이 섬유내 셀룰로오스의 산 촉매 가수분해로 밝혀졌다. 일반적으로 종이제조시 첨가되는 첨가제로 인해 산성지의 노화율이 중성지의 노화율에 비해 더 높다. 따라서 종이내 존재하는 산을 제거해 줄 필요가 있다. 종이의 탈산화 처리는 열화속도를 감소시켜 산성지의 수명을 3, 4배정도 늘릴 수 있다고 한다. 최근에는 기존의 탈산화 처리방법과는달리 대량의 책과 서류의 탈산화를 위한 효과적인 탈산화 방법의 필요성이 인식되어져 왔다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 종이 제조시 사용되는 첨가제가 노화에 미치는 영향을 알아보고,효과적인 종이의 노화 방지를 위해 산성지에 가스상 에탄올아민류(모노에탄올아민, 디에탄올아민, 트리에탄올아민)를 사용하여 탈산처리를 시도하여 보았다. 첨가제가 종이의 노화에미치는 영향을 실험한 결과, 종이의 노화율이 알럼＋로진＞알럼＞AKD＞ 무처리 순으로 나타났다. 또한 가스상 에탄올아민류 탈산처리 실험결과, 탈산처리율이 모노에탄올아민＞디에탄올아민＞트리에탄올아민 순으로 나타났다. 그러나 처리 후 종이에 약간의 백색도와 내절도의 감소가 나타났다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 가스상 에탄올아민류들을 조합 처리하여 탈산처리를 시도해 본 결과, 백색도와 내절도의 감소없이 효과적인 탈산처리 효과를 얻을 수 있었다.ird limit" is characterized by the production of reduction of $H_2O$$_2$, which is reduced by wall effect. Strain rate substantially affects ignition temperature because key reaction rates of $H_2O$$_2$ are comparably with its transport rate, while the mixture temperature and the hydrogen composition do not significantly affect ignition temperature.e.성 면역 결핍증 환자가 직업을 가지면 안된다는 사람보다 된다는 사람이(P<0.001), 각각 지식이 높았다. 결론 : 지식이 높을수록 성병에 걸릴 가능성이 낮고, 태도에서도 긍정적인 결과를 보였다. 그러므로 그러므로 가능하면 중고교 시절에 이 질환에 대한 정규교육 프로그램을 만들어 학생들을 효과적으로 가르치는 것이 필요하다.와 활동성 정도(r=0.378, P<.05), 평균 통증정도와 활동성 정도가(r=.330, P<.05)가 유의한 정적상관관계가 나타난 반면, 여성에서는 활동성 정도와 통증의 중증도는 유의한 관계가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 남성은 관계를 제외한 모든 항목의 통증으로 인한 지장정도와 활동성 정도가 유의한 정적상관관계가 나타난 반만 여성에서는 보행 능력, 통상적인

• 한국환경보건학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경보건학회 2004년도 International Conference Global Environmental Problems and their Health Consequences
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• pp.217-222
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• 2004

This study was conducted to estimate if the level of several chemical ingredients including alkanolamines or ethanolamines (EA) examined in the specific synthetic metalworking fluid (MWF) ‘A’ can cause anti-microbial activity and health effect. Three water-based MWF products (‘A’, ‘B’, and ‘C’) were studied every week for two months. Chemical ingredients such as formaldehyde, boron, EA, and copper were examined. In the sump where MWF ‘A’ was used, not only the total level of EA, monoethanolamine(MEA), diethanolamine(DEA) and triethanolamine(TEA), but also boron level were significantly higher than those of the other MWFs. ANOVA statistical tests indicated that levels of pH, alkalinity, boron, MEA, DEA and TEA in MWF ‘A’ were significantly higher than those in other MWF types. Correlation tests also found that levels of pH, alkalinity, boron, MEA, DEA and TEA in MWF ‘A’ are significantly correlated. We suggested the assumptions that excessive concentrations of EA, and borate at a high pH level, may cause anti-microbial resistance synergically. To demonstrate this assumption, additional study is needed to examine the relationship between the levels of microbes and excessive concentrations of EA, and borate at a high pH level.

• KSTLE International Journal
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.52-55
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• 2003

This study was conducted to estimate if the level of several chemical ingredients including alkanolamines or ethanolamines (EA) examined in the specific synthetic metalworking fluid (MWF) "A" can cause anti-microbial activity and health effect. Three water-based MWF products ("A", "B", and "C") were studied every week for two months (from June 1, 2002 to July 30, 2002). Chemical ingredients such as formaldehyde, boron, EA, and copper were examined. In the sump where MWF "A" was used, not only the total level of EA, monoethanolamine(MEA), diethanolamine(DEA) and triethanolamine(TEA), but also boron level were significantly higher than those of the other MWFs. ANOVA statistical tests indicated that levels of pH, alkalinity, boron, MEA, DEA and TEA in MWF "A" were significantly higher than those in other MWF types. Correlation tests also found that levels of pH, alkalinity, boron, MEA, DEA and TEA in MWF "A" are significantly correlated. We suggested the assumptions that excessive concentrations of EA, and borate at a high pH level, may cause anti-microbial resistance synergically. To demonstrate this assumption, additional study is needed to examine the relationship between the levels of microbes and excessive concentrations of EA, and borate at a high pH level.

• 한국환경보건학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경보건학회 2003년도 Challenges and Achievements in Environmental Health
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• pp.213-216
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• 2003

This study was conducted to estimate if the level of several chemical ingredients including alkanolamines or ethanolamines (EA) examined in the specific synthetic metalworking fluid (MWF) “A” can cause anti-microbial activity and health effect. Three water-based MWF products (“A”, “B”, and “C”) were studied every week for two months (from June 1, 2002 to July 30, 2002). Chemical ingredients such as formaldehyde, boron, EA, and copper were examined. In the sump where MWF “A” was used, not only the total level of EA, monoethanolamine(MEA), diethanolamine(DEA) and triethanolamine(TEA), but also boron level were significantly higher than those of the other MWFs. ANOVA statistical tests indicated that levels of pH, alkalinity, boron, MEA, DEA and TEA in MWF A were significantly higher than those in other MWF types. Correlation tests also found that levels of pH, alkalinity, boron, MEA, DEA and TEA in MWF “A” are significantly correlated. We suggested the assumptions that excessive concentrations of EA, and borate at a high pH level, may cause anti-microbial resistance synergically, To demonstrate this assumption, additional study is needed to examine the relationship between the levels of microbes and excessive concentrations of EA, and borate at a high pH level.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.735-740
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• 1996

일반계 및 다수계 미강유의 극성지방질 조성을 밝히고자 하였다. 미강유 중의 당지방질의 주요성분은 esterified steryl glycoside가 48.8~52.1%로 가장 많이 함유되어 있었고, 그 다음으로는 steryl glycoside, monogalactosyl diglyceride, cerebroside 및 digalactosyl diglyceride순이었다. 인지방질은 phosphatidyl choline이 33.1~36.7%로 가장 많이 함유되어 있었고, 그 다음이 phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl inositol＋phosphatidyl serines, phosphatidyl glycerols, dipho sphatidyl glycerols, lysophosphatidyl cholines 순이었다. 미강유의 당 및 인지방질 획분의 주요지방산은 oleic acid, linoleic acid 및 palmitic acid이었다.