• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.176-182
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• 2008

Scolopendra was known to cure erectile dysfunction. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of Scolopendra on the nitric oxide synthase activity, nitrite level, cyclic-GMP and erectile responses in rat's corpus cavernosum penis. The crushed Scolopendra was extracted 3 times, each time with 3 volumes of methyl alcohol at $60^{\circ}C$ for 24 h. The extract was filtered and evaporated under a reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator to yield 14.2 g. Scolopendra extract was oral-administered 50 mg per 1 kg of body weight for 30 days. First, samples were treated with Scolopendra, and then ethanol-treated rats and L-N-Nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME) treated rats were fed with the samples. The level of urethral nitrite and nitric oxide synthase activity in the ethanol-Scolopendra double administered rats were as high as in the normal group, while the one in the ethanol-treated group was decreased. The level of urethral cyclic-GMP and guanylate cyclase actiyity in the ethanol-Scolopendra double administered rats were as high as in the normal group, while the one in the ethanol-treated group was decreased. The level of urethral phosphodiesterase activity in the ethanol-Scolopendra double administered rats was as low as in the normal group, while the one in the ethanol-treated group was increased. The erectile response to a cavernous nerve stimulation in L-NAME $(10^{-4})-treated$ rats was restored by the Scolopendra to the similar level seen in the normal group. The electile response to cavernous nerve stimulation in the ethanol-Scolopendra double administered rats were increased as high as in the normal group while the one in the ethanol-treated group was decreased. Scolopendra was effective in restoring the ethanol-induced or L-NAME-induced erectile dysfunction in rats.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.232-243
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• 2006

Objectives : Albizzia Julibrissin was formulated to contain various natural products known to cure erectile dysfunction. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of Albizzia Julibrissin on the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity, nitrite level, antioxidation and erectile responses induced by ethanol in corpus cavernosum penis of rats. Methods : The crushed Albizzia Julibrissin was extracted 3 times, each time with 3 volumes of methyl alcohol at $60^{\circ}C$ for 24 h. The extract was filtered and evaporated under a reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator to yield 45.3 g. Albizzia Julibrissin extract was oral-administered 100 mg per 1 kg of body weight for 20 days, while the normal group was administered only with a saline. The efficacy of Albizzia Julibrissin against erectile function was examined as described in the text. Results : The level of urethral NOS activity and nitrite were increased by Albizzia Julibrissin. The level of lipid peroxide was decreased by Albizzia Julibrissin. The level of urethral lipid peroxide in the ethanol-Albizzia Julibrissin double administered rats was decreased as low as in the norma! group, while the one in the ethanol-treated group was increased. The level of urethral nitrite, NOS activity, glutathione and serum testosterone in the ethanol-Albizzia Julibrissin double administered rats were as high as in the normal group, while the one in the ethanol-treated group was decreased. The erectile response to cavernous nerve stimulation in the ethanol-Albizzia Julibrissin double administered rats increased as high as in the normal group while the one in the ethanol-treated group decreased. Conclusions : Albizzia Julibrissin was shown to be effective for the treatment of erectile dysfunction induced by ethanol in rats.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.605-614
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• 2005

Objectives : Ojawhan was formulated to contain various natural products known to cure erectile dysfunction. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of Ojawhan on the nitric oxide synthase(NOS) activity, nitrite level, antioxidation and erectile responses in rat's corpus cavernosum penis. Methods : Ojawhan was washed, dried in the shade and crushed. The crushed Ojawhan ,was extracted 3 times, each time with 3 volumes of methyl alcohol at $60^{\circ}C$ for 24 h. The extract was filtered and evaporated under a reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator to yield 62g. Ojawhan extract oral-administered 100 mg per 1 kg of body weight for 30 days. First, samples were treated with Ojawhan, then ethanol-treated rats and L-N-Nitroarginine methyl ester(L-NAME) treated rats were put with the samples. Result : The level of urethral lipid peroxide in the ethanol-Ojawhan double administered rats was decreased as low as in the normal group, while the one in the ethanol-treated group was increased. The urethral NOS activity, the level of urethral nitrite, the level of testosterone and the erectile response to cavernous nerve stimulation in the ethanol-Ojawhan double administered rats were increased as high as in the normal group while the one in the ethanol-treated group was decreased. The electile response to cavernous nerve stimulation and the level of nitrite in L-NAME ($10^{-4}$)-treated rats was restored by the administration of Ojawhan as high as in the normal group. Conclusions : Ojawhan was effective in restoring the ethanol-induced or L-NAME-induced erectile dysfunction in rats.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.109-116
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• 2018

발기부전(erectile dysfunction, impotence)은 성교과정을 위한 음경이 딱딱하게 발기되지 않거나 유지하지 못하는 것을 말한다. 잦은 발기 부전은 심장 질환, 비만, 알코올 중독, 스트레스, 흡연 및 우울증을 비롯하여 치료가 필요한 건강상의 문제가 원인이 된다. 본 연구는 산수유(Cornus officinalis)를 포함한 복합 추출물이 발기부전 랫드모델에서 성기능과 관련된 인자에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 발기부전 랫드모델은 Cimetidine/5% EtOH를 2주 동안 경구투여하여 유도한 후, 산수유 등 복합추출물을 각각 다른 농도로 경구투여하였다. 그 결과, 산수유 등 복합추출물 처리군(CPL-300, 600, 900 mg/kg)에서 성 기능 인자(NO, cGMP)가 대조군에 비해 유의성 있게 향상되었다. 또한 혈청 테스토스테론은 산수유 등 복합추출물 처리 후 용량 의존적으로 증가하였다. 더욱이, 산수유 등 복합추출물의 투여는 발기부전 랫드모델에서 전립선의 크기를 회복시키는 것을 확인하였다. 결과를 종합하자면 산수유 등 복합추출물이 랫드모델에서 성기능 인자와 테스토스테론을 증가시킴으로써 발기부전을 완화시킨다는 것을 보여 주었고, 이는 산수유 등 복합추출물이 천연 추출물로 향 후 발기부전 치료에 사용될 수 있음을 시사한다. 하지만 산수유 복합추출물의 남성 성기능의 직접적인 연관관계, 유효성분과 그 메커니즘을 자세히 밝히기 위해서는 추가적인 연구가 필요하다고 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.328-334
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Maca water and/or ethanol extract on the nitric oxide (NO) production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells HUVAC and on erectile dysfunction in rats. Maca was extracted due to both solutions, which are water and ethanol. Each Maca extract was applied to HUVAC, and NO production was checked. Additionally, three different dosages (250, 500 and 1,000 mg/kg) of Maca ethanol extract was administered to Sprague-Dawley rats for 4 weeks. All rats were sacrificed and each sample was collected for analysis. The control rats received only the saline vehicle. The NO production of HUVAC was significantly increased by domestic and homemade Maca water extracted at $60^{\circ}C$ group. Both NO generation and testosterone release were not influenced due to the oral administration of Maca. In the EtOH group rats, the number of sperm was reduced compared to that of the control group. All Maca groups had a high number of sperm and each sperm count had increased as a result of the Maca extract dose. The results of this research suggest that Maca has a positive effect on male erectile dysfunction, which need to be examined further in future studies.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.46-52
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• 2016

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a highly prevalent disorder that affects millions of men and considered to be an early symptom of atherosclerosis and a precursor of various systemic vascular disorders. The aim of the present study was to prepare ginsenoside Re enriched fraction (GS-F3K1, ginsenoside Re 10%, w/w) from ginseng berries flesh and to investigate the enhanced activities of GS-F3K1 on alcohol-induced ED. GS-F3K1 was prepared by the continuous liquid and solid separating centrifugation and circulatory ultrafiltration from ginseng berries flesh. GS-F3K1 was administered for 5 weeks in ethanol-induced ED rat by oral administration of 20% ethanol. To investigate the effects of GS-F3K1 on ED model, the levels of nitrite expression, cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and erectile response of the penile corpus cavernosum of rat were measured. The erectile response of the corpus cavernosum was restored after GS-F3K1 administration, to a level similar to the normal group. The level of nitrite and cGMP expression in the corpus cavernosum of GS-F3K1-administered male rats was increased significantly compared to positive control group. GS-F3K1 from ginseng berries should effectively restore ethanol-induced ED in male rats and could be developed as a new functional food for the elderly men.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.625-630
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• 2013

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a highly prevalent disorder that affects millions of men worldwide. ED is now considered an early manifestation of atherosclerosis, and consequently, a precursor of systemic vascular disease. Lycii fructus extracts (LFE) were administered for 4 weeks to assess the improving effects on ED. Animals were divided into one normal group and four LFE-treated groups (0, 0.3, 0.6, and 1.2 g/kg). We induced ED in the study animals by oral administration of 20% ethanol instead of water everyday for 4 weeks. This study was designed to investigate the effects of LFE on the mRNA levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS) expression; NO levels of nitric oxide (NO) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP); blood profile; and erectile response of the corpus cavernosum of the rat penis. The libido of the LFE-administered male rats was higher than that of the ethanol control group. The erectile response of the corpus cavernosum was restored after LFE administration, to a level similar to the normal group. In addition, the iNOS in the corpus cavernosum of the male rats administered LFE decreased. In contrast, compared to the control group, LFE-administered male rats showed increased eNOS, NO and cGMP levels in the corpus cavernosum. These results indicate that LFE effectively restored ethanol-induced ED in male rats.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.223-229
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• 2006

[ $PGE_1$ ]-ethyl ester intraurethral solutions were prepared in ethanol/propylene glycol mixture with penetration enhancer and viscosity-enhancing agent. The stability of $PGE_1$-ethyl ester in intraurethral solution was investigated at various temperature. Simultaneous determination of $PGE_1$-ethyl ester and $PGE_1$ was performed using a validated HPLC technique. In pentobarbital anesthetized cats, increase in intracavernous pressure(ICP), increase in penile length and duration of erectile response were determined after intraurethral application of $PGE_1$-ethyl ester solutions. $PGE_1$-ethyl ester solutions, when instilled into the eyes of rabbits, produces no noticeable irritation, or slight transient conjunctival irritation. From these results, ocular irritation of this solutions was judged as practically non-irritating. The stability study indicates that the therapeutically effective content in solution is well maintained for 46 weeks or longer when they are stored at $4^{\circ}C$. After intraurethral application of $PGE_1$-ethyl ester, ICP was increased and penile erection was induced. $PGE_1$-ethyl ester intraurethral solutions for erectile dysfunction could be developed and evaluated by employing feline erection model.