• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.219-222
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• 2011

Eight female Himalayan tahrs (Hemitragus jemlahicus) were estrus-synchronized, and transcervically inseminated with frozen-thawed semen in September, 2009, about 2 to 3 months earlier than their natural breeding season. Intravaginal progesterone-releasing devices were inserted into vaginas of six Himalayan tahrs on September 7, and the other two on September 8 to suppress luteal function of ovaries. The devices had been placed deep inside the vagina prior to withdrawal on September 23. A day before CIDR removal, a combination of PMSG 400 IU and hCG 200 IU was intramuscularly injected. Forty hours later, frozen-thawed semen was transcervically inseminated. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed 39 days later by analyzing progesterone level of serum. Every treatment was done under anesthesia inducted by xylazine injection. In conclusion, vaginal discharge of cervical mucus, hormonal changes induced by implant-typed or muscularly injectable hormones and widening of cervix enough to insert an insemination gun into uterine body were achieved in non-breeding season. Moreover, the first inseminated Himalayan tahr, 36 hours after CIDR removal was assumed to be pregnant but the fetus may have been lost due to the use of anesthetic drug.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.323-332
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• 1992

The present study was carried out to examine the effect of oviduct epithelium and its conditioned medium on e development of early bovine embryos in vitro. Oocytes obtained from ovarian follicles of slaughtered cows were cultured in TCM199 with 10% fetal calf serum for 22-24hrs and then fertillzed in vitro using frozen-thawed semen treated with BO-caffein, BO-BSA(20mM heparin added). Oviduct epithelium was collected in each stage of the estrus cycle and conditioned medium was the medium in which oviduct epithelium in early luteal stage was cultured. In vitro fertilized bovine embryos of 1～2 cell were co-cultured with oviduct epithelium from different estrus cycles, cultured in conditioned medium, and cultured in rabbit oviduct. The cleavage rates of in vitro fertilized early bovine embryos co-cultured with oviduct epithelial cell from early luteal, luteal and follicular phase of estrus cycle(67.2～70.8%) and cultured in conditioned medium(56.7%) were significantly(p<0.05) higher than that of the control(44.2%) The rate of development to morula or blastocyst stage in oviduct epithelial cell co-culture(15.3～32.5%) from three phase of estrus cycles and conditioned medium(14.5%) were significantly(p<0.05) higher than that of the control(5.2%). The oviduct epithelial cell from early luteal phase gave a significantly( p<0.05) higher rate of development to morula or blastocyst stage than both luteal and follicular phase. The results of in vivo culture in rabbit oviduct of early bovine embryos were 52.1% for the cleavage rate and 26.7% for the rate of development to morula or blastocyst stage.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.917-924
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• 1997

Estrus cycle of cow, season and follicldar stimulating treatment, having an effect on the number of follicle, are investigated for the oocyte recovery rate in ovum pick-up(OPU). The number of follicle aspirated and oocyte collected on the different days of estrus cycle(D 4~5, D 9~10 and D 14~15) were not significantly different among the groups. The higher number of viable oocytes were produced on Jan-May(79.0%) than Jun-Aug(33.3%) by OPU in cow. The number of follicle and aspirated oocyte in cows treated FSH or PMSG combined with bovine somatotropin(bST) were 1.2~1.5 times higher than in cows treated alone follicular stimulating hormone(FSH) or pregnant mare serum gonadotropin(PMSG). In conclusion, OPU can be repeatedly practiced 2 or 3 times in an estrus cycle. In addition, the high environmental temperature is not good for ovarian function of cow and the bST co-treatment with FSH or PMSG is increasing the number of aspiratable follicle.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2007

무발정기에 속한 Shih-tzu 견 9두를 대상으로 하여 PMSG(50IU/kg)를 10일 동안 매일 근육주사 후 마지막 10일째에 hCG(1,000IU/head)를 정맥 주사하여 인공적으로 발정을 유기 하였다. 실험견 9두 중 9두(100%)에서 발정 출혈, 회음부 반사, 외음부 종대 및 수컷 허용 등의 임상적인 발정 증상이 관찰되었으며 그중 5두(55.6%)가 임신하였고 4두는 임신되지 않았다(44.4%). 임신견 5두 중 3두(33.3%)가 자연분만하였는데 분만시 산자수는 $1.66{\pm}1.15$두 $(1{\sim}3)$이었고, 나머지 2두(40.2%) 는 PMSG 첫 투여후 38일과 41일에 조기태아사 하였다. 따라서 Shih-tzu 견에서 PMSG와 hCG 병용 투여에 의한 인공 발정 유기 효과는 발정 발현율 100%, 임신률 55.6%, 분만율이 33.3%이었다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.253-268
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• 1974

A total of 331 dairy cattle in Jeonnam area were examined for the breeding status and hematological values during the period from June to August. 1971 and 1974. The data obtained were analysed according to the status of breeding and the type of farm management. The results obtained in this work were summarized as follows: 1. 331 dairy cows were grouped as pregnant (63.81%) anestrus after parturition (12.45%), pregnancy unknown (11.48%), repeat breeder (10.32%), and others (1.94%). 2. The summery of reproductive histories and clinical examination were as follows. Average of calving interval was 16.5 months, interval from parturition to first breeding 97 days and postpartum interval to first estrus 72 days. Services per conception was 1.6 rate of postpartum estrus (60 days) 12.0%, and the rate of repent breeder 10.3%. 3. Generally, the blood values of RBC, Hb, serum total protein and A/G ratio were lower than those normal values, especially, the cows which showed abnormal values belonged to the repeat breeder and the unknown to conception group. The mean value for serum inorganic phosphorus was the normal value or hyperphosphatemia, on the other hand, the mean value for serum calcium of the repeat breeder group was the lowest than the other group. 4. Follow-up evaluations on the results of the laboratory tests strongly suggest that the problems of repeat breeder had a tendency to occur more frequently in the large herd (A and B type farm), and the Ca/P ratio of almost all the cows showed abnormal values.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.47-51
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• 2001

This study was done to examine the relationship between serum chemical values (urea nitrogen, glucose, total protein and cholesterol) of recipients and pregnancy rate following embryo transfer. Blood samples were taken from 184 Holstein heifers or cows on Day 6 or 7 (Day 0=day of estrus) to analysis for serum urea nitrogen, glucose, total protein and cholesterol concentrations. After selection of recipients, frozen Holstein embryos were thawed and directly transferred to recipients non-surgically. The average serum concentrations of urea nitrogen, glucose, total protein and cholesterol were 13.8 mg/dl, 56.5 mg/dl, 7.2 mg/dl, 124.8 mg/dl, respectively. The average concentrations of serum urea nitrogen and cholesterol were lower (P<0.05) in pregnant recipients (10.7 mg/dl, 99.2 mg/dl) than in non-pregnant recipients (13.0 mg/dl, 122.2 mg/dl), respectively, although the concentrations of glucose and total protein were not different. These results show serum urea nitrogen and cholesterol concentrations can be used important factors for selection of recipients in Holstein.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.115-119
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• 2007

본 연구는 젖소에 있어서 인공수정 후 외인성 progesterone과 estradiol을 병용 투여하거나 progesterone을 단독 투여하는 경우에 젖소의 번식 성적에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 대조군, CIDR에서 estradiol 캡슐을 부착시킨 progesterone과 estradiol 병용 투여군(P4+E2군) 및 CIDR에서 estradiol 캡슐을 제거한 progesterone 단독 투여군(P4군)로 구분하여, 인공수정 후 14일째에 질내에 삽입한 후 삽입한 날로부터 7일째에 제거하였다. 수태된 개체에 대해서는 수태율을 분석하였고, 수태되지 않은 개체에 대해서는 수정 후 수태까지의 일수, 수태당종부 횟수, 수태가 되지 않은 경우의 차기 발정에 따른 발정강도 및 CIDR 삽입 기간 동안 및 제거한 후의 혈중 progesterone 농도를 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. P4+E2군 및 P4군에 따른 수태율에 있어서는 대조군의 경우 15.4%였고, P4+E2군의 경우 60.0% 및 P4군 38.9%로 P4+E2군의 수태율이 가장 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 2. 혈청 중 P4 농도 측정을 위하여 처리 후 0일째(발정 주기 14일째), 2일째(발정 주기 15일째), 3일째(발정주기 17일째), 6일째(발정 주기 20일째), 8일째(발정 주기 1일째), 9일째(발정 주기 2일째), 10일째(발정 주기 3일째), 13일째(발정 주기 6일째)에 채혈하여 측정한 결과, 처리 후 8일째(발정주기 1일째), 9일째(발정주기 2일째) 및 13일째 (발정 주기 6일째)에는 P4+E2군이 대조군 비임신군 및 대조군 임신군에 비하여 유의적으로 높은 경향을 나타내었다.(p<0.05).

• 농업과학연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.233-243
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• 1984

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 Landrace순종(純種)의 미경산돈(未經산豚) 6두(頭)를 가지고 발정주기(發情週期) 및 임신기간(妊娠期間)동안의 혈청중(血淸中) 성(性) hormone수준(水準)의 변화(變化)를 구명(究明)하기 위하여 실시(實施)하였으며, 이정맥(耳靜脈)에서 혈액(血液)을 채취(採取)하여 혈청(血情)을 분리(分離)한 다음, 이를 시료(試料)로 하여 LH, FSH, prolactin, progesterone, $estradiol-17{\beta}$ 및 cortisol을 radioimmunoassay 방법(方法)으로 분석(分析)하였는바, 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. Landrace순종(純種) 미경산돈(未經産豚)의 성성숙도달일령(性成熟到達日齡)은 179.5일(日), 성성숙도달체중(性成熟到達體重)은 88.2kg, 발정주기(發情週期) 21.3일(日), 임신기간(妊娠期間)은 114일(日)이었고, 복당산자수(腹當산仔數)는 9.5두(頭)였다. 2. 발정주기중(發情週期中)의 LH농도(濃度)는 1.56mIU/ml 이하(以下), prolactin 농도(濃度)는 2.4ng/ml 이하(以下)로 분석한계수준이하(分析限界水準以下)였다. FSH농도(濃度)는 발정열시후(發情閱始後) 6일(日)부터 15일(日)까지 1.50~2.20 mIU/ml 범위(範圍)였으며, 발정시(發情時)와 발정전후(發情前後) 3일(日)에는 1.25 mIU/ml 이하(以下)였다. 3. 발정주기중(發情週期中)의 progesterone 농도(濃度)는 발정일(發情日)에 1.90ng/ml를 나타냈으나, 발정열시후(發情閱始後) 3일(日)에 13.10ng/ml 증가(增加)하였고 9일(日)에 최고수준(最高水準)에 도달(到達)하였다. $Estradiol-17{\beta}$농도(濃度)는 발정일(發情日)과 발정개시후(發情開始後) 18일(日)에 27.2pg/ml을 나타냈고, 그밖의 기간(期間)에서는 27.2pg/ml 이하(以下)였다. Cortisol 농도(濃度)는 발정일(發情日)에 최고수준(最高水準)에 도달(到達)했으며, 황체기(黃體期)동안에는 24.65~28.57ng/ml 범위(範圍)에 있었다. 4. 임신기간중(姙娠期間中)의 LH농도(濃度)는 3.10~4.37 mIU/ml, FSH농도(濃度)는 1.30~1.80 mIU/ml, 그리고 prolactin 농도(濃度)는 2.60~6.70ng/ml의 범위(範圍)를 나타냈다. 5. Progesterone 농도(濃度)는 전임신기간(全姙娠期間)에 38.90~16.85ng/ml 범위(範圍)에 있었으나 분만시(分娩時)에는 1.96ng/ml로 급격(急激)히 감소(減少)하였다. $Estradiol-17{\beta}$의 농도(濃度)는 임신후(姙娠後) 15일(日)에 27.2pg/ml을 나타냈으며, 그후 계속(繼續) 증가(增加)하여 분만시(分娩時)는 620.17pg/ml을 나타냈다. Cortisol 농도(濃度)는 전임신기간(全姙娠期間)에 걸쳐 13.58~24.35ng/ml의 범위(範圍)를 나타냈다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2017

Embryo transfer (ET) could be a relevant tool for genetic improvement programs in horses similar to those already underway in other species and produce multiple foals from the same mare in one breeding season. However, there have been no reports describing equine embryo transfer performed in Korea. In the present study, we performed an equine embryo collection and transfer procedure for the first time. We examined the embryo collection and pregnancy, size of embryo during the incubation period after collection, and progesterone (P4) and estradiol-$17{\beta}$ (E2) concentrations in mare's serum at embryo collection and transfer. A total of 16 donors responded to estrus synchronization; estrus was induced in 12 donors and 4 recipients, and artificial insemination was successful in 10 donors and six blastocysts were collected from donors. Of these blastocysts, we monitored the size of blastocysts for 3 day during incubation and transferred 2 blastocysts to a recipient, with 1 successful pregnancy and foal achieved. The dimensions of equine embryo at day 7 to day 9 were $409{\mu}m$, $814{\mu}m$ and $1,200{\mu}m$. The serum P4 and E2 concentrations were $7.91{\pm}0.37ng/{\mu}L$ and $45.45{\pm}12.65ng/{\mu}L$ in the donor mare, and 1$6.06{\pm}3.27ng/{\mu}L$ and $49.13{\pm}10.09ng/{\mu}L$ in the recipient mare.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.16-22
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• 2003

BBP (Butyl benzyl phthalate), a widely used plasticizer. can enter the food and environment as consequence of its manufacture, use, and disposal. BBP was found to be developmental and teratogenic or endocrine disrupting chemical in rats. The effects of BBP were investigated in female rats (P) and second generation (F1) via lactations. Sprague-Dawley were given BBP by oral administration at 0, 5, 10, 100, 1000 mg/kg on day 0 to 21 of lactation period. The results were as follows : At maternal findings, there were some significant changes (p<0.05) in relative organ weight, especially liver and uterus weight by BBP administration. In estrous cycle, high treated group was inclined to be proestrus or estrus compared to control group. BBP indues estrous cycle earlier than the control group. At fetal findings, there were some significant changes in relative liver and spleen weight, especially 100, 1000 mg/kg administered groups. The relative weight of ventral prostate was decreased, so it was represent to dose-response tendency. Parent rats (P) were detected monobenzyl phthalate (MBeP) 3.21~5.81 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml in 100, 1000 mg/kg dose groups. MBeP of male and female fetuses (F1) were detected at the level of 1.21~2.63 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of serum. Male serum concentration oi MBeP was higher than the females'. Estrogen receptor $\alpha$ expression by BBP and bisphenol A in uterus and testis of F1 were studied. The ER$\alpha$ expression were increased in F1 male testis and female uterus. F1 male showed distint ER$\alpha$ expression, especially in the combined exposrue. Synergistic ER$\alpha$ expression was found by combined treatment group of BBP and bisphenol A. From the above results, it could be concluded that the effects of dams and F1 by BBP administration during lactation period were estrogenic, and BBP can transfer to F1 via lactation, and make estrogenic at F1 reproductive organs.