• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.39-44
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• 2015

The VHTR (Very High Temperature gas-cooled nuclear Reactor) has been considered as a major heat source and the most safe generation IV type reactor for mass hydrogen production to prepare for the hydrogen economy era. The VHTR satisfies goals for the GIF (Generation IV International Forum) policy such as sustainablility, economics, reliability and proliferation resistance and physical protection, and safety. As a part of a VHTR economic analysis, we have studied the VHTR construction cost and operation and maintenance cost. However, it is somewhat difficult to expect the ripple effect on the whole industry due to the lack of information about Inter-industries relationship. In many case, the ripple effect are based on experts' knowledge or uncertain qualitative assumptions. As a result, we propose quantitative analysis techniques for ripple effects such as the production inducement effect, added value inducement effect, and employment inducement effect for VHTR 600MWt${\times}$4 modules construction and operation ripple effect based on NOAK (Nth Of A Kind). Because inducement effect values have been published annually, we predict inducement effect's relation function and estimated values including production inducement effect value, added value inducement effect value, and employment inducement effect value using time series and estimated values are verified with published inducement effects' value. This paper presents a new method for the ripple effect and preliminary ripple effect consequence using a time series analysis and inter-industry table. This ripple effect analysis techniques can be applied to effect expectation analysis as well as other type reactor's ripple effect analysis including VHTR for process heat.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.168-176
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• 2007

This study aims to provide useful information when making a decision for the environmental and economic efficiency assessment of infrastructure, based on Life Cycle Assessment(LCA). It estimates environmental cost on environmental pollutants that are possible to happen by locations and by types of emergency spillway for korean multipurpose dam, which is selected as a study case. For this purpose, this study examines the theories of LCA and Contingent Valuation Method(CVM) and suggests an analysis model of environmental cost. To apply the suggested analysis model of environmental cost for infrastructure to the case study of emergency spillway at the multipurpose dam, this study calculates environmental load on environmental pollutants that generate during life cycle, converts it to a cost to predict environmental cost, evaluates environmental economy of emergency spillway by the estimated result, and draws the optimum alternative that is environmental-friendly and economic.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.129-135
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• 2016

Purpose: Building figuration is imperative to perceive the its value, environmental clean status and form. Therefore, maintenance activities of the building exterior are required to keep the housing condition and value. Each household should pay the repair cost which is brought out in the future. For this repair cost, the estimation model would needed to forecast and provide the required cost. This study aimed at providing the estimation model of the repair cost, using the repair survey data between the 2011 and 2014 in Seoul. Method: For these, it took various estimation function of repair cost such as 1st function, inverse function and so on. These above functions would be applied into the building exterior and outdoor facilities which figure the building shape and characteristics. Result: Results of this study are shown ; First, among 11 estimation models, the power function has a better statistics and goodness-of-fit than any other models. Second, the estimation model with a variable of household has a pattern in upward to the right. On the contrary, the model with management area is little downward to the right. Both of them are depended on the estimated parameter of the power function and the parameter smaller than 1.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.43-51
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• 2016

Recently, the cost of construction projects has escalated due to a significant increase in size and complexity. Many construction projects have failed to meet their originally intended project deadline due to various factors such as weather, labor supply, equipment, procurement, accidents, etc. Consequently, emergency construction work scenario has to be implemented in order to shorten the duration and satisfy the original estimated schedule. However, many critical decisions in emergency scenario rely solely on the experience of a construction manager. Thus, this paper proposes TCTO optimization model to decide the most effective alternative out of various working scenarios which are generated by the combination of work group and work time. The developed TCTO model provides the optimum schedule that satisfies the practical constraints. Future research could involve the integration of resource leveling with the proposed model. This would make the model more versatile.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.13-16
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• 2005

Generally, as corrosive protection processing of a steel structure, zinc galvanizing and heavy duty coating paint are applied. However, zinc galvanizing has the difficulty of restriction of a size, or on-site construction. Moreover, heavy duty coating paint has a problem with many administrative and maintenance expenses with short problem of adhesion, corrosion generating of a damage portion, and maintenance management cycle. In this study, a salt water spray test, CASS test, and the electrochemistry examination were carried out for the thermal metal spray method of construction for corrosive protection performance evaluation. Moreover, the corrosive protection life of a thermal metal spray method of construction was quantitatively calculated on the basis of this experiment. in consideration of LCC, the economical efficiency of a general corrosive protection method of construction and a thermal metal corrosive protection method of construction was compared. Consequently, although initial construction expense was estimated 16 to $30\%$ high, as for a thermal metal spray method of construction, it turns out that the administrative and maintenance expenses for 100 years became cheap 9.3 to 13 or more times.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.219-224
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• 2007

As use of construction equipment has been increasing continuingly, the proportion of equipment expense to the total construction cost has become higher. However, there is a difference between the equipment expenses section in 'Poom-Sam' and practical data, because 'Poom-sam' does not consider non-working days due to weather conditions, legal holidays and management conditions. Therefore, 'Poom-Sam' does not present a reasonable standard for estimating construction equipment expenses. In this study, to estimate realistic construction equipment operating hours, firstly, construction equipment was classified according to work, and weather conditions, in which each work could not be executed, were established. Then, weather data on Seoul and Busan(2004${\sim}$2006) and legal holidays were analyzed to suggest annual standard operating hours. The annual standard operating hours of earthmoving & excavating, compaction, and drilling equipment was estimated to be 1,430 hours, and lifting equipment, concrete paving equipment, asphalt paving equipment, concrete equipment, and crushing & conveying equipment were estimated to be 2,124 hours, l,156hours, 1,188hours, 1,688hours, and 2,152hours respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.700-709
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• 2002

Present condition of the Youngsan River pollution is serious. Concentrations of organic materials and nutrients are high and algal bloom takes place frequently. The pollution is mainly caused by domestic wastewater input from urban areas like Kwangju and Naju City. In this study, 6 times of water quality surveys were done for mainstream and tributaries. Delivery ratios of each tributaries are calculated with the water quality and flow data. With Arc/View GIS, sub-basin are divided and pollution loads are estimated. These data are used for water quality modeling. River quality improvement effects are analysed with 5 scenarios including process upgrade of present WWTPs and construction of new WWTPs. These scenarios are applied for the Youngsan River based on the 7Q10 and Q275. And total wastewater treatment cost in the basin is analysed for each scenario.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.2503-2519
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• 1972

The studies were carried out to find the cause and the quantitative evaluation of sea dike materials loss which is occured during the period of construction works for the tideland reclamation projects on the west coast of Korea. Major subjects to studies were to establish the typical relationships between the tidal flow and the movement of dike materials, the tidal-flow and the erosion, the dike materials and the ratio of material movement(losses), construction methods and the ratio of materials movement (losses). Based on the above subjects, the studies were made for the purpose of obtain the following informations; (1) Collecting and evaluaing the data of dike material losses due to foundation settlement, from designed existing dikes on the west coast. (2) By the field investigation at A-San Sea Dike, Pyong Taek Project, the Comparison would be made by the relationships between the tide velocity and the movement of dike foundation under the natural conditions and the period of construction so that find out the relationship between the dike materials of foundation situation and settlements. With regard to the dike construction works, it is so difficult to calculate the exact quantity of material losses due to the foundation settlements. The major factors that affect the settlement losses of the dike materials are: (1) Topographical variation (2) Swepting the sectional area of dike by the tide velocity. (3) Dumping riprap to the outerside of dike during the period of construction works. (4) Sectional area losses by the cause of occurence of the new tide channels. (5) material losses by the heavy storms. (6) Consolidation settlement by the foundation weakness. (7) Material losses by the earth materials by tide flow. Most hi호 material losses were occured by the Consolidation settlement due to the foundation weakness, the maximum tide velocities due to decrease the cross sectional area of the gaps and erosion of foundation due to the range of tide, Inner and outerside of dike, or dike material loses due to the tide flow. Final conclusion would be obtained by the continuous measurement of consolidation settlement at the stage of final clusure of the dike. (It is scheduled to close on the end of 1972) However, intermediate conclusion can be introduced as follows: (1) The estimation of material(losses) during the period of construction works for the existing sea-dikes up to date were only empirical. The material losses at the general closure for design was estimated at 10% of the riprap, 20% of the earth materials, and 20% of the riprap, 40% of the earth materials at the final closure of the dike. The final closure estimated double quantity to the general closure, but it is still doubt. (2) The ratio of consolidation settlements was found smaller than the calculated quantity. It can be foreseen that settlement speeds is higher thom the calculated speeds. (3) The movement of dike foundation under the natural conditions were not so depends on the geological conditions of the foundation. (4) When the tide velocities was estimated 100 at the normal tide, it was estimated 125 at the high tide and 55 at the low tide. The tide velocities at the low tide shows apparently lower than the high tide and the higher velocities at the deep water depth.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.135-144
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• 2023

LH Corporation uses the construction waste disposal fee standard, of which the model was developed a long time ago. Therefore, this model is problematic because it needs to reflect waste treatment facilities' technological development and environmental conditions. In this study, the estimated manpower and costs required for the process operation of waste treatment facilities were analyzed, followed by the proposed estimation criteria. This improved standard model can be used as a cost calculation standard for the recycling and treatment of construction waste in public institutions. The study also suggests that an increase in waste treatment costs is needed.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.35-41
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• 2013

All infrastructure projects are said to be inter-dependent, uncertain and labour-intensive in nature. There is no exception for building services sub sector. For a real time project such as 'The construction, extension and refurbishment of Employees' State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) Hospital at Tirupathy, India with total area of 45,000 square feet at an estimated cost of 1100 million rupees, a generic process model is developed to simulate the effect of set of identified variables on construction project. The 'Stocks and Flows' of dynamic model affords relevant insights to project managers, who apply this knowledge when designing better performance through more appropriate project planning. It is concluded from the model-based approach that building services works can be improved through specific better focussed managerial efforts, such as an increasing coordination effectiveness at the planning stage, clarifying prerequisite conditions prior to installations. Otherwise, pending works arising from work clashes can lead to knock-on effects resulting in productivity constraints and pressures, as well as more rework and demolition. Current study reveals that the model enables deep insight into various interdependent processes, their by improving construction performance levels, by addressing the dynamics of design errors and defective works, and recovering delayed schedule.