• 철학연구
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• 제117권
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• pp.355-372
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• 2011

들뢰즈는 자신의 영화철학을 집대성한 대저(大著) "시네마"의 첫머리에서, 자신의 영화철학에 대한 연구는 영화사에 대한 연구가 아니라 하나의 분류학 taxinomie이며 이미지와 기호의 분류를 시도한 것이라고 규정하고 있다. 우리는 본 논문에서 들뢰즈가 이 규정에서 언급하고 있는 이미지의 분류란 무엇이며, 어떤 이미지들이 어떻게 분류되고 있는지를 규명해 보려고 한다. 특히 중점적으로 다루려고 하는 점은 "시네마"에서 가장 기본적인 분류인 '운동-이미지 image-mouvement'와 '시간-이미지 image-temps' 간의 구별이다. 그리고 들뢰즈가 운동-이미지로 이루어진 '고전적 classique' 영화라고 규정하고 있는 영화작품과, 다른 한편에서 시간-이미지로 이루어진 '현대적 moderne'이라고 규정하고 있는 영화작품 간에는, 그것을 감상하는 관객의 존재방식이 어떻게 변화하는가 하는 문제가 발생한다. 따라서 여기에는 관객의 문제가 개재될 수밖에 없고 우리는 이 점도 함께 논의할 것이다. 그리하여 우리는 "시네마"의 두 가지 이미지에 대한 이해를 통하여, 사유(思惟)를 현실에서 작동시키는 방법이라는 점에서 역시 영화가 가장 앞서 있는 예술이자 기술이라고 하는 점과, 나아가 세계와 이미지에 대한 우리의 능동적 해석의 자세가 항상 필요하다고 하는 점을 드러내려고 하였다.

• 한국양식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국양식학회 2003년도 추계학술발표대회 논문요약집
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• pp.44-44
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• 2003

Gene expression in five tissues of the abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) was investigated using an expressed sequence tag (EST) analysis. Randomly selected clones were obtained from cDNA libraries constructed with gill (GI), digestive diverticula(DD), hepatopancreas (HP), foot/mucus (FM) and rectangular muscle (RM). Of 1,235 clonesanalyzed (288 clones for GI, DD, HP each,166 for FM, and 205 for RM), 741 (60.0%) clones in total turned out to share significant similarity with the sequences from NCBI GenBank (less than 10/sup -3/ of e-values), 423 sequences showed poor similarity (> 10/sup -3/), and 71 sequences didn't match with any sequences in GenBank. The percent unique sequence (singleton) was ranged from 56.1% (RM) to 74.7% (FM) among libraries. On the other hand, overall percent singleton was 55.3% when all the ESTs from five libraries were assembled into contigs. Analysis of the organisms represented by the best hit for each EST (e-values < 10/sup -3/) showed that 23.8% matched with mammalian entries, 24.0% with mollusks, 14.4% with insects, 11.6% with fish and 26.2% with others. The expressed patterns differed among the tissues when judged by the categorization of the sequences from each library into 10 broad functional classes. In all the libraries, the class I (no hit o. poor similarity) was the largest category with an average of 40.1%. This largest class was followed by class V (general metabolisms) in DD (21.9%), GI (14.6%) and HP (16.7%), while the 'cell structure and motility'(class VI) was the second largest class in remaining two libraries (31.2% for RM and 9.6% for FM). The class IX (cell division and proliferation) was the smallest class in all the libraries (less than 3%). This report provides the first tissue-specific lists of expressed abalone genes, which could be a fundamental basis for genomics program of abalone species.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 1990

Slow twitch soleus와 fast twitch plantaris근의 운동, insulin, 전기자극에 대한 반응을 시험관 내에서 $^{14}C$-glucose를 이용한 glycogen합성능으로 비교하고 협력근 절제 4주후에 유도한 대상성비후근의 glycogen의 합성능을 같은 방법으로 평가하여 지속적인 과부하에 따른 각 근섬유의 반응을 비교하고자 한 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 대조군의 soleus에서는 glycogen으로 incorporation되는 glucose양으로 볼때 운동에 의한 증가는 없었으나 insulin, 전기자극 등의 인자에 의해서는 증가하였으며 운동이 이들 인자들과 합쳐 졌을때는 이들의 작용을 증폭 시켰다. 그러나 plantaris에서는 운동과 전기자극을 합한 군과 모든자극을 함께 가한 군에서만 유의한 증가를 보여서 insulin이나 glucose대사의 관점에서 볼때 soleus가 훨씬 활동적임을 알 수 있었다. 협력근 절제로 인한 4주간의 과부하로 인한 비후군의 glycogen합성능은 soleus에서 대조군의 그것과 양상은 비슷하였으나 그 절대 량에서 크게 못미쳤으며 plantaris에서는 대조군과 매우 유사한 반응을 나타내었다. 이와같은 결과로 볼때 협력근 절제 4주후에 여러 효소의 활동도가 안정상태에 이른다는 여러 보고에 기초하면 지속적인 과부하에 대한 각 근섬유의 반응양상이 차이가 나서 fast twitch근의 근활동이 더 향상되는 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.667-674
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• 2011

The gene for esterase (rEst1) was isolated from a new species of genus Rheinheimera by functional screening of E. coli cells transformed with the pSMART/HaeIII genomic library. E. coli cells harboring the esterase gene insert could grow and produce clear halo zones on tributyrin agar. The rEst1 ORF consisted of 1,029 bp, corresponding to 342 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 37 kDa. The signal P program 3.0 revealed the presence of a signal peptide of 25 amino acids. Esterase activity, however, was associated with a homotrimeric form of molecular mass 95 kDa and not with the monomeric form. The deduced amino acid sequence showed only 54% sequence identity with the closest lipase from Cellvibrio japonicus strain Ueda 107. Conserved domain search and multiple sequence alignment revealed the presence of an esterase/ lipase conserved domain consisting of a GXSXG motif, HGGG motif (oxyanion hole) and HGF motif, typical of the class IV hormone sensitive lipase family. On the basis of the sequence comparison with known esterases/ lipases, REst1 represents a new esterase belonging to the class IV family. The purified enzyme worked optimally at $50^{\circ}C$ and pH 8, utilized pNP esters of short chain lengths, and showed best catalytic activity with p-nitrophenyl butyrate ($C_4$), indicating that it was an esterase. The enzyme was completely inhibited by PMSF and DEPC and showed moderate organotolerance.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.583-590
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• 2018

Genus Typha L. (Typhaceae; Cattail in common) is one of the hydrophytic plants found in semi-aquatic regions. About nine to 18 species of the genus exist all over the world. In Korea, the most commonly found cattail species are T. laxmanni and T. angustifolia. The aim of this study was to prepare a cDNA library and sequences and analyze expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from these species, T. laxmanni and T. angustifolia. In the case of T. laxmanni, we observed that 715 out of 742 ESTs had high quality sequences, whereas the remaining 27 ESTs were low quality sequences. In this study, we identified 77 contigs, 393 unassembled clones and 65.7% singletons. Furthermore, in the case of T. angustifolia, we recorded 992 high quality EST sequences, and by excluding 28 low quality sequences from among them, we retrieved 120 contigs, 348 unassembled clones and 48.9% singletons. The basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) database results enabled us to identify the functional categories, i.e., molecular function (16.5%), biological process (22.2%) and cellular components (61.3%). In addition, between these two species, the no hits and anonymous genes were 4.2% and 11.7% and 6.2% and 11.2% in T. laxmanni and T. angustifolia, respectively, based on the BLAST results. The study concluded that they have certain species-specific genes. Hence, the results of this study on these two species could be a valuable resource for further studies.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.454-460
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• 1995

Acetylxylan esterase II was produced by Escherichia coli HB101 harboring the recombinant plasmid pKMG7 which contained the estII gene of Bacillus stearothermophilus. Optimal medium for the production of the acetylxylan esterase by E. coli HB101/pKMG7 was determined to contain 0.5% galactose, 1% yeast extract and 1% NaCl. The enzyme produced was purified to homogeneity using a combination of 20-50% ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B chromatography and Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration. The temperature and pH optimum of the esterase were 45$\circ$C and pH 6, respectively. The essential amino acids for the esterase activity were found to be methionine, serine, and cysteine. Molecular weight of the esterase was determined to be 28 kDa by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and 120 kDa by gel filtration. This suggests that the functional enzyme is a homomeric tetramer. The esterase had an isoelectric point of pH 3.4. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the enzyme was Ala-Leu-Phe-Glu-Ser-Arg-Phe-Phe-Ser-Glu-Val-Leu-Gly-Leu.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 1982

80% Ni-Permalloy is soft magnetic material with high initial permeability and low magnetic coercive force Hc, and is used to computer memory cores and minirelays of communication e-ngineering. In this paper 80 Permalloy thin film on copper cathode was alloy-deposited from Watts so-lution contatining FeSO4$.$7H2O. The amount of FeSO4$.$7H2O in the solution, pH, temperature of the solution and plating current density were varied as parameters and the resulting comp-osition changes of deposited film were analyzed electrochemically with respect to the parame-ters. From the above procedure electroplating conditions for deposition of 80 Permalloy were est-ablished as following: 17-21 g/$\ell$ of FeSO4$.$7H2O in Watts solution, current density 1.0-2.0 Amp/dm2, pH 2.5-3.0 and temperature range of 50-60$^{\circ}C$.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.351-357
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• 1998

In order to understand the mechanism of the regulation of CYPIAI gene expression and ethoxy-resorufin deethylase (EROD) activity in ex vivo system, we have studied the action of TCDD and 3MC in theisolated perfused male rat liver. CYPIAI myNA level and EROD activity were measured in rat liver that wasisolated and perfused with va.ious chemicals such as 2,3,7,8-tet.achlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), 3-methyl-cholanthrene (3MC), $17{\beta}$-est.adios ($E_2$), morin. TCDD or 3MC alone perfusion into male rat liver resulted in increase of CYPIAI mRNA level and the magnitude of stimulation was one and half times higher with TCDD treatment than 3MC treatment. However $E_2$ perfusion into male rat liver showed slight stimulation of CYPIAI mRNA level. When $10_{-8}$ M $E_2$ was perfused concomitantly with either $10_{-9}$ M TCDD or $10_{-9}$ M 3MC, stimulated CYPIAI mRNA by either TCDD or 3MC was inhibited. Morin was examined for its effects on CYPIAI mRNA level and result was similar to that was observed with estrogen except that morin alone did not change the level of CYPIAI mRNA. EROD activity was also stimulated with either TCDD or 3MC perfusion, and the magnitude of EROD stiumlation was similar to that of CYPIAI mRNA stimulation in response to TCDD or 3MC perfusion. This data is different from the data that we have obtained with female rat liver. Concomitant perfusion either $E_2$ or morin with TCDD or 3MC inhibited 3MC perFusion or TCDD perfusion stimulated EROD activity. These data confirm the hypothesis that TCDD and 3MC might act through the same mechanism of action on the regulation of CYPIAI gene expression in male rat liver.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.15-28
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• 2017

The adsorptive removal properties of synthetic A4 zeolite were investigated against a total of 16 offensive odors consisting of reduced sulfur compounds (RSCs), nitrogenous compounds (NCs), volatile fatty acids (VFAs), and phenols/indoles (PnI). Removal of these odors was measured using a laboratory-scale impinger-based adsorption setup containing 25 g of the zeolite bed (flow rate of $100mL\;min^{-1}$). The high est and lowest breakthrough (%) values were shown for PnIs and RSCs, respectively, and the maximum and minimum adsorption capacity (${\mu}g\;g^{-1}$) of the zeolite was observed for the RSCs (range of 0.77-3.4) and PnIs (0.06-0.104), respectively. As a result of sorptive removal by zeolite, a reduction in odor strength, measured as odor intensity (OI), was recorded from the minimum of approximately 0.7 OI units (indole [from 2.4 to 1.6]), skatole [2.2 to 1.4], and p-cresol [5.1 to 4.4]) to the maximum of approximately 4 OI units (methanethiol [11.4 to 7.5], n-valeric acid [10.4 to 6.5], i-butyric acid [7.9 to 4.4], and propionic acid [7.2 to 3.7]). Likewise, when removal was examined in terms of odor activity value (OAV), the extent of reduction was significant (i.e., 1000-fold) in the increasing order of amy acetate, i-butyric acid, phenol, propionic acid, and ammonia.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.839-848
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• 2015

분자 마커는 유기체에서 다른 유기체와 분자적 수준에서 식별하는 마커이다. 유전적 분석을 위한 분자 마커의 발달은 식물 유전학, 다양한 구조와 가능을 이해하는데 기여하였다. DNA 마커는 임의유전자 증폭에서 다형성을 탐지하는 기법이나 방법(예를 들면 서든 블로팅, 핵산 교잡법, PCR을 이용한 중합효소 연쇄 증폭 반응, DNA 서열화)으로 RFLP, AFLP, RAPD, SSR, SNP 등을 이용하였고 현재에도 이용하고 있다. 최근 기능성 유전자를 이용한 기능성 마커가 각광을 받고 있다. 기능성 마커는 다형성 서열에서 유래한 것으로 표현형 변이를 내포하고 있다. 이런 개념에서 출발한 기능성 마커는 모든 유전자를 타깃으로 할 수 있으나 식물에서는 P450, 튜블린 형성 유전자의 다형성(TBPs), 전이요소 마커(TEMs), 병원균 저항성 유전자 마커(RGMs), RNA를 기반으로 한 마커(RBMs) 등이 널리 이용되고 있다. 본 연구는 Poczai 등의 총설을 기반으로 구성하였다. 식물에서 이런 분자 마커의 이용은 식물의 분화, 진화, 생리적 기능성 유전자의 변화 등 생물학 전반에 관한 정보 획득에 도움을 될 것이다.