• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2004

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most general childhood problems occurs locally and internationally, but the causes of ADHD are not cleared yet. Therefore, this study tried to examine some parts of the causes of ADHD closely, and finally contribute to the medical treatment of ADHD and its precautionary measures, by measuring and comparing concentration of minerals in hairs of the patients of ADHD and their control group's children. which can analyze the relevance to ADHD and the mineral content in human bodies, and mutual relations between toxic minerals and essential minerals in human bodies. After collection of hairs from 200 children(5 to 7-year-old, boys: 159 girls:41) diagnosed as ADHD by medical specialists based on the standard of DSM-IV diagnosis and their control group's 177 children(boys: 138 girls:39), the mineral concentration of samples was measured through ICP-MS and compared. And correlations between toxic minerals and essential minerals in human bodies among patients group was analyzed. All the toxic minerals(Pb, Hg, Al, Cd, As) of hairs analyzed in the study showed more higher range of concentration in patients group in comparison with their control group. Among them, the concentration of Pb(3.27 $\pm$ 3.82 ppm) and As(0.16 $\pm$ 0.15 ppm) in patients group were significantly high compared to their control group. And in this study Pb among toxic minerals showed negative correlation with Zn(r = -0.43), Mg(r = -0.15) among essential minerals. Cd among toxic minerals showed negative correlation with Zn(r = -0.20) among essential minerals. As among toxic minerals showed negative correlation with Ca(r = -0.14) among essential minerals.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48
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• pp.13-23
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• 2003

The trace mineral, selenium (Se), is an essential nutrient of fundamental importance to human health. It is also very toxic and can cause Se poisoning (selenosis) in human and animals when its intake exceeds a suitable amount. Se functions within mammalian systems primarily in the form of solenoprotein. About 35 selenoproteins have been identified, though many have not yet been fully elucidated. Selenoproteins contain Se as selenocyseine (Sec) and perform variety of structural and enzymic roles; the enzymic roles are best-known as the antioxidants for hydrogen peroxides and lipid peroxides, and the catalysts for production of activity thyroid hormone. Glutathione peroxidases ($\textrm{GP}_X$) among the selenoproteins prevent the generation of free radicals and decrease the risk of oxidative damage to tissues, as does thioredoxin reductase (TR). TR also provides reducing power for several biochemical processes. Selenoproteins P and W are involved with oxidant defense in plasma and muscle, respectively, A selenoprotein is also required for sperm motility and may reduce the risk of miscarriage. Some epidemiological studies have revealed an inverse correlation between Se status and cardiovascular disease, and there is considerable evidence 1mm population com-parison data and animal studies that Se is anticarcinogenic. It is also suggested that Se should be needed for the proper functioning of the immune system, and appear to be a key nutrient in counteracting the development of virulence and inhibiting HIV progression to AIDS. As research continues, the role of selenium in the etiology of chronic diseases like appropriate medical nutrition therapy can be delivered and its effectiveness assessed. Se status in individuals is affected by diet and the availability of the Se. The Se content of plants is affected by the content and availability of the element in the soil in which they are grown, and so greatly varies from country to country, while the Se composition of meat reflects the feeding patterns of livestock. This paper provides an overview on Se as an essential trace mineral for human.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.75-85
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• 2008

This study investigated the effects of chitosan on mineral metabolism in rats exposed to cadmium by oral administration. Six week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into eight groups. Four groups were fed AIN-93G based 3% ${\alpha}$-cellulose diets and the other four groups were fed 3% chitosan diets for four weeks with the oral administration of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg Cd/2ml distilled water three times per week, respectively. The essential mineral contents of serum, liver, kidney and bone (femur and lumbar), and the excretion of calcium in feces and urine were determined. There was no significant difference in weight gain and food intake among groups. The cadmium administration significantly decreased calcium in serum, iron in blood, calcium and iron in liver and iron contents in kidney. In contrast, calcium and zinc contents in kidney increased by the administration of cadmium. The weight, length and breaking forces of the femur and lumbar were not significantly different due to cadmium administration and chitosan among the groups. The fecal excretion of calcium was increased by the administration of cadmium. On the other hand, calcium absorption and the absorption rate were decreased by Cd administration. In the groups without Cd administered (N, N-Chi groups), chitosan significantly decreased the absorption rate of calcium by increasing the excretion in feces (p<0.05). These results suggest that cadmium administration may facilitate the decline of essential minerals in rats and also, chitosan may have a conflicting effect between cadmium and the essential minerals of tissues.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 2001

Legal permissible limit of herbal drugs metal level in Korea is define 'less 30.0ppm in total(except mineral drugs)' including Pb Hg Cd As Cr Ni etc. This limit has a lot of problems in several factors, that is, not divide hazard and essential elements, not consider high and low toxic effect in each metal, not calculate dose-response relationship and average health behavior in Korean etc. As a that result, It has strong limits and weakness in the basic toxicology and Oriental medicine. To improve and correct these factors, We need to several new approach as like below. It must be radical study following problems in short and middle-long period in the future, toxic metal and essential element must be divide to basic toxicology and also be diverse toxic effect. But mineral drugs that included a amount of severe toxic metals is being used as active prescription drug until now. If toxic, safety and side-effect of metals will be considered, mineral drugs must prohibit instantly or use at least after examined toxic effect. But one of the most important things about herbal drugs contamination, all people and department (government, farmer and trader, oriental medicine doctors and association) will be participate cooperative and collection for preventive or the least contamination in herbal drugs.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.73-79
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• 2011

The Barind tract is threatened by desertification and undergoing rapid change. In view of this fact it is very much essential to manage this barind tract under proper land-use plan. The present study evaluates the effectiveness of high-resolution satellite data and computer aided GIS techniques in assessing land-use change detection for the period 1990 to 2007 within the study area, which is very much essential to manage this barind tract under proper land-use plan, and for proper land-use plan it is necessary to get reliable information. The present study found five major land-use such as current fallow, current agriculture, settlement, irrigation water and water bodies. From the result, it is found that current fallow and water bodies decrease while settlement and current agriculture increase. Study concludes that as Barind tract is threatened by desertification, decrease of water bodies is not a good sign for the study area.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.105-115
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• 2017

Water is an essential ingredient to brew coffee. Mineral contents in the water can affect both water quality and taste quality of coffee. The effects of minerals in the water on sensory characteristics of coffee were investigated in different water samples (A: Arisu, B: Claris, C: Spring water, D: Samdasoo, E: Evian, Distilled water as control). Based on the results of quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA), there were statistically significant (p<0.01) in flavor, acidity, bitterness, sweetness, body and aftertaste according to different water samples used to brew coffee. The canonical correlation analysis of minerals (Ca, Mg, Na, K) and taste (acidity, bitterness, sweetness) indicated that there were highly correlated in the relationship between bitterness and Mg content. A strong negative relationship was shown between bitterness and acidity, sweetness. A result of preference test using hedonic scale showed an inverse linear relationship between taste quality and total mineral contents.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.4 no.2 s.7
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• pp.27-32
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• 1989

In orde to investigate free sugar, sugar alcohol, amino acid and mineral contents of edible mushrooms, hentinus edodes, Auricula-Jude and Coriolus Versicolor were analyzed. 1. In each of the three mushrooms, glucose, fructose, xylose, trehalose, mannose and mannitol were identified and in the hentinus edodes and Auricula-jude, the major free sugar was trehalose, respectively and increasing sequence in amount of free sugars were mannitol, mannose, fructose, glucose, on the other hand that lowest amount was Xylose. The relatively richest were glucose, fructose, trehalose, mannose, on the other hand lower amount of sample, Coriolus Versicolor were mannitol and Xylose. 2. In each of the three samples, essential amino acids were high amounts, especially good taste component, glutamic acid was higher. 3. The mineral p Contents$(925\~115mg)$ were highest and Mg was higher amount, in hentinus edodes and Auricula-jude, K, Na, Ca, Cu, Zn, etc were identified, In Coriolus versicolor, K content was highest, on the other hand, Sequence of mineral amount was Ca, Fe and Na.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.517-526
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• 2021

Brown rice is more nutritious than the commonly consumed white rice, however, the former is not widely accepted because of its coarse texture and difficulty in cooking. Germination is an easy technique to minimize the drawback of normal brown rice. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of three different concentrations (1, 3, and 5% w/v) of turmeric extracts on the nutrient and antioxidant activities of germinated brown rice (GBR). The b (yellowness) values of the turmeric-treated GBR were significantly higher than that of the untreated control. Lower concentration (1%) slightly increased (3395.5 mg/kg) but higher concentrations (3 and 5%) reduced (1735.8 - 2393.7 mg/kg) the total mineral content in GBR, as compared to the control (3377.4 mg/kg). The amount of essential, non-essential, and total amino acids, including GABA, were increased with the concentration of turmeric extracts. The amount of essential amino acids was increased by 58.3, 71.5, and 88.3% with the application of 1, 3, and 5% extracts, respectively. The antioxidant potential of GBR was also enhanced with turmeric treatment. Overall results indicated that 1 or 3% turmeric treatment could be appropriate to enhance the nutritional and functional value of GBR.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.315-323
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• 2008

To measure the mineral content of fishes, we collected 177 individuals from 53 fish species from the east (Pohang), west (Gunsan), and south (Tongyeong) coasts of Korea. The mean content of the macro mineral in a 100 g sample taken from the edible portion of each fish was (in descending order): P(207.4 mg), K(169.7 mg), Na(101.6 mg), Ca(44.4 mg), and Mg(30.4 mg). In comparison, the mean content of micro mineral in the fishes was (in descending order): Zn ($8.98{\mu}g/g$), Fe ($5.03{\mu}g/g$), Cu ($0.76{\mu}g/g$), Mn ($0.43{\mu}g/g$), and Ni ($0.08{\mu}g/g$). We could not observe clear regional variation in the mineral content of fish species. With regard to minerals considered essential for humans, the amount of Ca per sample (100 g) was the highest in the Scyliorhinus torazame (465.4 mg), and than followed by Ammodytes personatus (338.0 mg), Dasyatis akajei (267.4 mg), Raja kenojei (248.1 mg), Conger myriaster (174.1 mg), Clupanodon punctatus (86.8 mg), Muraenesox cinereus (81.2 mg), and Engraulis japonica (70.4 mg). The daily average intake of the mineral through the fishes consisted of P (100.6 mg), K (82.3 mg), Na (49.3 mg), Mg (14.8 mg), Zn (0.44 mg), Fe (0.24 mg), Cu (0.04 mg) and Mn (0.02 mg). The respective intakes of macro mineral (P, Mg, Na, Ca, K) from the fishes were about 14.4, 4.2, 3.3, 3.1 and 1.8% of the dietary reference intakes for Koreans (KDRIs) set by the Korean Nutrition Society. In comparison, the respective intakes of micro mineral (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn) from the fishes were about 4.6, 4.4, 2.4, and 0.6% of the KDRIs.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.20 no.3 s.50
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• pp.249-258
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• 2005

Blood pressure, obesity and bone mineral density are multifactorial traits influenced by genetic factor. The purpose of this study was to clarify the association between three genetic polymorphisms in the estrogen receptor-$\alpha$ (ER -$\alpha$) gene and essential hypertension in korean population. One hundred and seventy-one people including 90 normotensives and 81 essential hypertentives were recruited. Among genetic polymorphisms studied, the Xba I RFLP in the intron 1 of this gene polymorphism was significantly associated with essential hypertension in women, suggesting the sexual dimorphism in genetic effect (P (<) 0.05). Further studied suggest that a larger sample size of this study are needed.