• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.207-211
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• 2017

It is introduced an outstanding book about an important topic in occupational and environmental sciences i.e., the opportunities and challenges that may be connected with increasing the use and distribution of rare earth elements. These chemically similar elements, comprising the lanthanides, scandium, and yttrium, are involved in a number of essential technological applications, and their effects raise a number of human health issues of relevance to the occupational and environmental sciences. The book that I introduced here, "Rare Earth Elements in Human and Environmental Health; At the Crossroads between Toxicity and Safety" edited by Giovanni Pagano (Pan Stanford Publishing Pte. Ltd., Temasek Boulevard, Singapore) represents a break from that situation. It is essential to increase our knowledge about the environmental fate and biological effects of these technologically important metals in order to prevent unforeseen long-term man-made consequences to human health. This book is likely to become an important resource for scientists, engineers, and decision makers who understand the need for sensible exploitation of this resource.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.453-468
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• 2022

In this article, we define a module M to be G^z-extending if and only if for each z-closed submodule X of M there exists a direct summand D of M such that X ∩ D is essential in both X and D. We investigate structural properties of G^z-extending modules and locate the implications between the other extending properties. We deal with decomposition theory as well as ring and module extensions for G^z-extending modules. We obtain that if a ring is right G^z-extending, then so is its essential overring. Also it is shown that the G^z-extending property is inherited by its rational hull. Furthermore it is provided some applications including matrix rings over a right G^z-extending ring.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.11B
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• pp.1277-1284
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• 2011

Today, many applications use 80 port, which is a basic port number of HTTP protocol, to avoid a blocking of firewall. HTTP protocol is used in not only Web browsing but also many applications such as the search of P2P programs, update of softwares and advertisement transfer of nateon messenger. As HTTP traffics are increasing and various applications transfer data through HTTP protocol, it is essential to identify which applications use HTTP and how they use the HTTP protocol. In order to prevent a specific application in the firewall, not the protocol-level, but the application-level traffic classification is necessary. This paper presents a method to classify HTTP traffics based on applications of the client-side and group the applications based on providing services. We developed an application-level HTTP traffic classification system and verified the method by applying the system to a small part of the campus network.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.18D no.4
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• pp.245-260
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• 2011

Mobile Devices, which are developed with the fast growing of the Internet, have flexible internet accessibility and can access the network anywere so that they can execute software applications. However, it is very challenging to deploy highly complex applications on mobile devices since they have limited resources. To overcome the limitation, researches on applying a concept of services to mobile applications have been proposed. Android is one of the popular mobile platforms and is designed to effectively execute mobile applications on the mobile devices having limited resources. Since service-based Android applications, which adopt a concept of services and Android platform, invoke remote services and are built with Android-specific components, they are much different from traditional software applications. Consequently, it is not straightforward to apply object-oriented (OO) analysis and design methods to developing service-based Android applications, although they have been frequently applied to developing traditional applications. In this paper, we present a process to develop service-based Android mobile applications, which extends a traditional OO development process. First, we raise design issues to be considered in developing service-based Android applications. Then, to solve the issues, we present detailed guidelines for essential phases of OO-based development process that are customized to service-based Android applications. Finally, to show applicability of the process, we perform a case study. The proposed design process is effectively utilized as a set of guidelines to develop service-based Android applications more systematically and effectively.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.237-240
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• 2006

The feasibility of a midgap metal gate is investigated for a 32 nm MOSFET for low power applications. The midgap metal gate MOSFET is found to deliver $I_{on}$ as high as a bandedge gate if a proper retrograde channel is used. An adequate design of the retrograde channel is essential to achieve the performance requirement given in the ITRS roadmap. A process simulation is also run to evaluate the feasibility of the necessary retrograde profile in manufacturing environments. Based on the simulated result, it is found that any subsequent thermal process should be tightly controlled to retain transistor performance, which is achieved using the retrograde doping profile. Also, the bandedge gate MOSFET is determined be more vulnerable to the subsequent thermal processes than the midgap gate MOSFET. A guideline for gate workfunction $(\Phi_m)$ is suggested for the 32 nm MOSFET.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.22-42
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• 2005

Traditional traffic identification methods based on wellknown port numbers are not appropriate for the identification of new types of Internet applications. This paper proposes a new method to identify current Internet traffic, which is a preliminary but essential step toward traffic characterization. We categorized most current network-based applications into several classes according to their traffic patterns. Then, using this categorization, we developed a flow grouping method that determines the application name of traffic flows. We have incorporated our method into NG-MON, a traffic analysis system, to analyze Internet traffic between our enterprise network and the Internet, and characterized all the traffic according to their application types.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.79-84
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• 2012

Efficient arithmetic design is essential to implement error correcting codes and cryptographic applications over finite fields. This article presents an efficient $AB^2$ multiplier in GF($2^m$) using a polynomial representation. The proposed multiplier produces the result in m clock cycles with a propagation delay of two AND gates and two XOR gates using O($2^m$) area-time complexity. The proposed multiplier is highly modular, and consists of regular blocks of AND and XOR logic gates. Especially, exponentiation, inversion, and division are more efficiently implemented by applying $AB^2$ multiplication repeatedly rather than AB multiplication. As compared to related works, the proposed multiplier has lower area-time complexity, computational delay, and execution time and is well suited to VLSI implementation.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.526-531
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• 2003

Condition assessment of concrete structures is essential since their performance affects public safety. Impact resonance testing has been widely used for the nondestructive testing of the concrete structures. In this article, the background, basic principles of the impact resonance testing were described. Not only laboratory studies but also the field applications such as basement concrete of large structure and large slurry wall are described.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1994

It is well known that crystal growth is an essential area of research for optoelectronic materials. In the present paper the growth techniques and the advanced progress in development of crystal materials important for optoelectronic applications are described. New growth techniques, developed in the authors' laboratory, enabling the introduction of expanded applications of new materials are presented. After a review of recent developments of new techniques for optoelectronic materials, own experimental studies will be discussed.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.87-90
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• 2003

ALA is an essential intermediate in the tetrapyrrole biosynthesis pathway and has applications as a biodegradable herbicide and insecticide as well as medical applications including photodynamic therapy of cancers. For the development of mass production process of ALA it is necessary to on-line monitor some metabolites such as glycine, succinate, LA and ALA. In this work, medium compositions, pH conditions, induction and addition of LA were investigated to increase the production of ALA by recombinant E. coli. A 2-dimensional fluorescence sensor was used to monitor the processe and the fluorescence spectra were correlated with on- and off-line data like ALAS, ALAD, cell mass etc.