• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.65-71
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• 2004

ESR spectrum change has been investigated for the PECVD deposited a-C : H films exposed in the atmosphere. Though depending on the deposition conditions, it was observed that generally ESR signal height decreased and linewidth increased as the exposure time increased. The spin density decreased down to 40-80% depending on samples. The decrease of spin density of the a-C : H films in the air was attributed to permeation of moisture into the films and subsequent migration and redistribution of hydrogens. And the ESR signal height increased again and the linewidth decreased when the a-C : H samples were placed again in the vacuum, which was attributed to oxygens extracted from the samples. Consequently, the ESR spectrum change for the a-C : H films exposed in the air was regarded to be associated with the decrease of spin density as well as the permeation of oxygens into films.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.147-150
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• 2010

Background: Chronic low back pain can be a manifestation of lumbar degenerative disease, herniation of intervertebral discs, arthritis, or lumbar stenosis. When nerve roots are compromised, low back pain, with or without lower extremity involvement, may occur. Local inflammatory processes play an important role in patients with acute lumbosciatic pain. The purpose of this study was to assess the value of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) measurements in patients with chronic low back pain or radiculopathy. Methods: ESR and hsCRP were measured in 273 blood samples from male and female subjects with low back pain and/or radiculopathy due to herniated lumbar disc, spinal stenosis, facet syndrome, and other diseases. The hsCRP and ESR were measured prior to lumbar epidural steroid injection. Results: The mean ESR was 18.8 mm/h and mean hsCRP was 1.1 mg/L. ESR had a correlation with age. Conclusions: A significant systemic inflammatory reaction did not appear to arise in patients with chronic low back pain.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.339-345
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• 1987

Each of twenty blood samples taken from apparently healthy Korean Cows was used to produce five different mixtures of autologous plasma and blood corpuscles such that their values of packed cell volume (PCV) lay between 10 to 50ml/l00ml. The measurements of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) using 45 degree-angled capillary hematocrit tube, 1.1-1.2mm bore, ($45^{\circ}-micro-ESR$) were practised for the blood of various levels of PCV under the ambient temperature of ${10^{\circ}C}$, ${20^{\circ}C}$ and ${30^{\circ}C}$. Correlation of ESR to ambient temperature showed linear regression each in five levels of PCV. ESR increased with ascending ambient temperature, and magnitude of the increase of ESR became greater as the level of PCV lowered. Correlation of ESR, of which values were transformed by the linear regression equation correlated to ambient temperature to PCV showed curvilinear regression each in three levels of ambient temperature, and ESR was increased with decreasing PCV. The data were statistically analysed and a list of relative anticipate $45^{\circ}-micro-ESR$ values for PCV and ambient temperature was presented.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.137-143
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• 2004

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR) measurements were performed in a total of 191 blood samples from patients below a hematocrit of 35% by both the Test-1(SIRE Analytical Systems, Udine, Italy) and the Westergren method, endorsed as the reference method for ESR by the International Council for Standardization in Hematology(ICSH). The corrected Westergren ESR values were also obtained applying the formula of Fabry (corrected ESR = ESR measured x 15/55-Hct). Linear regression analysis showed a close correlation (r=0.85) between the two methods both before and after ESR correction in total samples. There was no significant correlation difference between two methods in both two groups with hemoglobin $${\geq_-}9g/dl$$ and <9g/dl before and after ESR correction (r=0.873, r=0.827 respectively before correction and r=0.867, r=0.830 respectively after correction). Also, for two groups with hematocrit $${\geq_-}24%$$ and <24%, no significant difference was observed (r=0.859, r=0.792 respectively before correction and r=0.782, r=0.842 respectively after correction). However, for samples with <60mm of Westergren ESR before correction, a better correlation coefficient was obtained than samples with $${\geq_-}60mm$$(r=0.701, r=0.541 respectively). In corrected Westergren ESR, also samples that were obtained with <40mm showed better correlation than samples with $${\geq_-}40mm$$ (r=0.690, r=0.347 respectively). In conclusion, we found a good correlation between Test-1 and Westergren measurements in patients with anemia but an expert group discussion is required to solve discrepancy between two methods in blood samples with very high ESR.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.717-721
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• 2002

Study was carried out with electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy to identify irradiated Korean medicinal herbs. Pueraria thunbergiana Benth., Angelica gigas Nakai, Agaricus blazei Murill and Astragalus membranaceus Bunge were irradiated with doses of 0, 1, 5 and 10 kGy at room temperature using a Co-60 irradiator. The irradiated Korean medicinal herbs exhibited an asymmetric absorption, which was different from the non-irradiated ones. The strength of ESR signals linearly increased by dose-dependent manner (1~10 kGy) and highly positive correlation coefficients ($R^2$=0.9428~0.9942) were obtained between the irradiation doses and the corresponding ESR signal intensities. Detection of the irradiated Korean medicinal herbs was possible even after 6 weeks of storage although the signal intensities of the irradiated samples decreased until 2 weeks at room temperature.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.13-18
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• 2010

Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectroscopy has been used to detect the presence of radiation-induced free radicals in biological samples since the mid 1950s and to irradiate foods containing cellulose, crystalline sugar, and bone. Therefore, we analyzed the ESR spectrum of irradiated infant formula and its ingredients in this study. Samples were irradiated with 2 different radiation sources of $^{60}Co$ gamma rays and electron beams (EBs), and the absorbed doses were 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 kGy. ESR measurements were performed under normal atmospheric conditions using a JEOL JES-FA100 spectrometer equipped with an X-band bridge. Irradiated infant formula showed anunsymmetrical spectrum ($g_1$=2.0050, $g_2$=2.0006); in contrast, non-irradiated samples showed asymmetrical spectrum. The ingredients of irradiated samples showed a multi-component ESR signal in glucose and lactose and a singlet-type spectrum in milk powder (g=2.0050). $R^2$ of the dose-response curve showed a fine linearity of over 0.95 across the entire sample. We also compared the spectra of identical samples irradiated with $^{60}Co$ gamma rays and EBs, because EBs can be used for food irradiation in foreign countries, although this is not permitted in Korea. However, we could not find any significant differences according to the types of radiation source. Thus, ESR spectroscopy can be used to detect irradiated infant formula and several types of primary ingredients in this formula.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.41-49
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• 1989

The study was undertaken to obtain indirect values of volume of packed red cell (VPRC) without centrifugation, using the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) of diluted blood in dogs. ESRs of diluted blood using the diluent of autologous plasma in which formed numerous RBC-rouleau clumps, autologous serum in which formed a few RBC-rouleau clumps, and 5% dextrose or 6% sucrose solutions in which formed numerous RBC-aggregation clumps, were accelerated. But, ESR of diluted blood using the 0.9% saline, D-S, ACD-B, CDP or D-PBS solutions were sluggish, because erythrocytes were dispersed in these diluents. Reliable values of VPRC on the basis of the correlating regressive equation to the ESR could be derived from values of$60^{\circ}$-angled-micro-ESR/40 min in the mixture, four parts of 5% dextrose solution and one part of whole blood. In the ESR values of diluted blood with low ratio, 1:1~3:1, $60^{\circ}$-micro-ESR was higher than $60^{\circ}$-Wintrobe-ESR. But, in the diluted blood with high ratio, 4:1~5:1, there was no different ESR values. For an aid of practical use, authers suggested a list of the $60^{\circ}$-micro-ESR/40 min in the diluted blood with equivalent VPRC of whole blood.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.421-427
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• 1992

The study was basically carried out to establish the appropriate condition for applying the Westergren method for erythrocyte sedimentation rate(W-ESR) in Throughbred racehorses at recess. To do this, we examined the correlationship among some factors including the kind of anticoagulants, optimal ambient temperature and reading time for W-ESR in healthy racehorses. The difference between the blood samples treated with only 3.8% solution of sodium citrate(SC) and both EDTA and SC as a coagulant, there was not recognized any significant difference(p<0.05) in the levels of W-ESR irrespective of the ambient temperature of $20^{\circ}C$ or $30^{\circ}C$. The best optimal ambient temperature for W-ESR in horses was proved at $30^{\circ}C$ resulting from the tendency of the most reduced dispersion in mean values analyaed from repeatly 4 times to the same blood samles compared with those of $10^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$. The optimal reading time was determined as 60 minutes(Y=237.2~4.1X, $r^2=0.998$) and 70 minutes(Y=247.8~4.2X, $r^2=0.999$) under the same temperature of $30^{\circ}C$; the latter showed the better result on the basis of the correlation of packed cell volume(PCV) and ESR values. About 13 healthy racehorses, we compared the real values of W-ESR respectively obtained at 60 minutes and 70 minutes at $30^{\circ}C$ with the anticipated values of PCV by means of the analysis of linear regression equitation. As the result of this, the strong correlation between both of them was confirmed. For practical use of W-ESR in Thoroughbred racehorese, we can recommend the condition of 60 or 70 minutes for the optimal reading time as well as $30^{\circ}C$ for the best ambient temperature.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.173-177
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• 2013

Cantilever-detected high-frequency electron spin resonance (ESR) is a powerful method of sub-terahertz and terahertz ESR spectroscopy for a tiny magnetic sample at low temperature. In this technique, a small magnetization change associated with ESR transition is detected as deflection of a sample-mounted cantilever. So far, we have succeeded in ESR detection at 370 GHz using a commercial piezoresistive microcantilever. The spin sensitivity was estimated to ${\sim}10^{12}$ spins/gauss. In order to further increase the sensitivity, we adopt a fiber-optic-based detection system using a Fabry-Perot interferometer in place of piezoresistive system. Fabry-Perot cavity is formed between an optical-fiber end and microcantilever surface, and a change in the interference signal, corresponding to the cantilever deflection, is sensitively detected. This system is suitable for low-temperature and high-magnetic-field experiments because of its compact setup and less heat dissipation. In this study, performance of Fabry-Perot interferometer is evaluated, and its application to cantilever-detected ESR measurement is described.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.371-375
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• 2009

Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy was used to detect radiation-induced signals from irradiated spices and ESR parameters were analyzed to define specific signals. Four powdered spices (red pepper, garlic, onion, and black pepper) were irradiated with 0, 1, 5, or 10 kGy at room temperature using a [60Co] gamma-ray irradiator prior to ESR analysis. Radiation-induced triplet signals, including those from the cellulose radical, which are center signals ($g_2=2.00673$) within the range of 3.0455 mT, were observed in all irradiated spice samples. The parameters g-value, center field, and signal range of hyperfine triplet ESR signals were constant in all irradiated samples, being specific for cellulose radicals and thereby distinguishing these signals from those of nonirradiated control samples. High positive correlation coefficients ($R^2=0.8452-0.9854$) were obtained between irradiation doses and corresponding ESR signal intensities. Thus, reliable detection of irradiated dried spices by measurement of ESR cellulose signals was confirmed by parameter analysis for the cellulose radical.