• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.309-319
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• 2013

Objective: The aim of this study is to review and summarize human vibration measurement process, and necessity and methods of frequency weightings for human vibration. Background: Prolonged human exposure to hand-arm vibration and whole-body vibration can result in a range of adverse conditions and the development of occupational diseases such as vibration white finger. For preventing these adverse effects, it is important to correctly apply human vibration measurement process. Method: This manuscript was based on the review and summary of mechanical and human vibration relevant texts, academic papers, materials obtained through web surfing. Results: This manuscript summarizes human vibration measurement process described in ISO standards and relevant texts. The sensitivity of the human body to mechanical vibration is known to be dependent on both the frequency and direction of vibration. To take this into account, varying frequency weighting functions have been developed, and RMS frequency-weighted accelerations are used as the most important quantity to evaluate the effects of vibration on health. ISO provided nine frequency weighting functions in the form of curves and tables. Researches on frequency weightings are focused on development and validation of new frequency weightings to truly reflect the relationship between vibration exposure and its adverse effects. Application: This would be useful information for systematically applying human vibration measurement and analysis process, and for selecting appropriate frequency weighting functions.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.103-113
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• 2015

Objective: This study proposes a systematic process to present the analysis methods and solutions of organizational root causes to human errors on the railroad. Background: In fact, organizational root cause such as organizational culture is an important factor in the safety concerns on human errors in the nuclear power plant, railroad and aircraft. Method: The proposed process is as follows: 1) define analysis boundary 2) select human error taxonomy 3) perform accident analysis 4) draw root causes with FGI 5) review root causes analysis with survey 6) chart analysis of root causes, and 7) propose alternatives and solutions. Results: As a result, root causes of the organizations like railroad and nuclear power plant came from the educational problems, violations, payoff system, safety culture and so forth. Conclusion: The proposed process does predict potential railroad accident through retrospect error analysis by building new human error taxonomies and problem solution. Application: This study would contribute to examination of the relationship between human error-based accidents and organizational root causes.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.53-65
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• 2016

Objective: The aim of this study is to configure a taxonomy of uninterpretable Interactions. Background: Following the spread of the Internet, smart devices have increasingly covered our lives. Human beings are now living in an era of tremendous information explosion. We live with numerous interactive targets nowadays, and there are many ways to interact with these targets. Being an interaction designer in this era, we need to clearly understand the existing methods of the interaction. While Bill Moggridge posed interaction design as a new discipline in 1984, it still has not formed a structured framework. Method: This study categorizes uninterpretable interactions through case studies, and configures the taxonomy of uninterpretable interactions based on Object-Oriented View of interaction. To explore the use value and impact of the taxonomy of uninterpretable interactions, this study conducted an experiment and analyzed related results. Results: The framework gives a positive impact on the design process, and interaction designers can clarify and broaden the scope of their ideas. Conclusion: A study on the Taxonomy of Uninterpretable Interactions was the part that did not gain a lot of attention in the existing interaction process. The study made the part more clear. And the study also helps interaction designers expand their roles in the development process of products or services. Application: The taxonomy framework of uninterpretable interactions might help interaction designers design uninterpretable interactions more clearly, and it can also be applied to design interpretable interactions.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.149-155
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• 2007

Recently, various devices requiring text input such as mobile phone IPTV, PDA and UMPC are emerging. The frequency of text entry for them is also increasing. This study was focused on the evaluation of Korean text entry interface. Various models to evaluate text entry interfaces have been proposed. Most of models were based on human cognitive process for text input. The cognitive process was divided into two components; visual scanning process and finger movement process. The time spent for visual scanning process was modeled as Hick-Hyman law, while the time for finger movement was determined as Fitts' law. There are three questions on the model-based evaluation of text entry interface. Firstly, are human cognitive processes (visual scanning and finger movement) during the entry of text sequentially occurring as the models. Secondly, is it possible to predict real text input time by previous models. Thirdly, does the human cognitive process for text input vary according to users' text entry speed. There was time gap between the real measured text input time and predicted time. The time gap was larger in the case of participants with high speed to enter text. The reason was found out investigating Eye-Hand Coordination during text input process. Differently from an assumption that visual scan on the keyboard is followed by a finger movement, the experienced group performed both visual scanning and finger movement simultaneously. Arrival Lead Time was investigated to measure the extent of time overlapping between two processes. 'Arrival Lead Time' is the interval between the eye fixation on the target button and the button click. In addition to the arrival lead time, it was revealed that the experienced group uses the less number of fixations during text entry than the novice group. This result will contribute to the improvement of evaluation model for text entry interface.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2017

Objective: Two control rooms of a petroleum complex were ergonomically evaluated for this study using diverse drawings of the rooms. The objective of the study is to show the evaluation process and its results, assessment method and essential elements for drawing-based ergonomic evaluation. Background: Ergonomics can enhance the working environment and safety for a control room when implemented effectively. A control room design was examined by ergonomists based on ergonomic principles and well-practiced standards. This study was conducted because a construction consortium wanted to perform an ergonomic evaluation of the control rooms before the construction. Method: A simple evaluation process, composed with a pre-evaluation, an evaluation and a post-evaluation, was employed to carry out the study. ISO 11064, NUREG-0700, NUREG/CR-6150, and CRIOP were reviewed to evaluate the control rooms. The assessment ranges over the control room layout, workstations, display and control, environmental requirements and safety. Three ergonomists participated in the study and performed the evaluation for two months. Results: An experienced consortium of construction companies designed the petroleum complex and control rooms. No significant ergonomic design problems were detected. Quantitative recommendations were provided for the layout and workstation dimensions. Specific design directions were also proposed for environmental requirements and safety. Conclusion and Application: Design advice and minor potential problems were reported as results of the drawing-based ergonomic evaluation. More practical suggestions could be additionally provided if an on-site assessment was conducted. However, the ergonomic evaluation used in this study could be helpful and applied to designing and evaluating other various control rooms prior to their construction.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.81-89
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to develop data base and interface for sofa consumers and sofa designers. The human sensibility ergonomics method was used to find the consumer needs and Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method was used to extract the designing characteristics required for sofa production. About 200 words and 100 images were gathered from sofa and furniture related catalogs and internet sites to find the best emotional words and images that can express the various sofa aspect. Among the collected words and images, 34 emotional words were selected for sensibility experiment according to the opinions of experts, relations of closeness and frequency of use, and 50 images were selected for the experiment by the diversity. Selected words and images were used for the semantic differential method with 94 subjects, and sensibility characteristics of sofas were defined through various statistical analysis methods including basic statistical analysis, factor analysis and multi-dimensional scale. In reflecting design characteristics of sofas, design factors of sofas were divided into backrest, seat, armrest, neck support and leg, and relative importance of each factor for design was determined with analytic hierarchy process (AHP) by utilizing the experts' opinions. Based on the results above, relationship analysis between emotional evaluation results and design factors was performed. Also, as various sofa images are presented diagrammatically through multidimensional scaling method, it can be used as an important tool for the development of sofa design. This study will contribute improving the product quality of sofas as it enables applying consumer needs into the sofa design.

• 대한인간공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한인간공학회 2004년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.49-49
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• 2004

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.3-13
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• 1993

A psychophysical measurement technique called "magnitude estimation" was used to evaluate several interior design alternatives for a high speed train. Pas- senger activity, seat direction, and passenger age were manipulated by using a three factor within-subjects experimental design. During the experiment, two dependent measures, a line length and a numerical estimate for each alternative design were collected to validate the experimental procedures. The results showed that pasnger seats arranged in the same direction as the running direction of the train was favored nine times more than the opposite. Also, the subjects preferred listening to music in a coach train to the other activities such as reading newspaper, watching a movie, and resting. This paper demonstrates that a psychophysical technique can be sued in the design of a development process, especially when it is difficult to quantify design variables such as subjective opinion or preference, etc.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2005

In order to minimize a biased view of evaluators in usability test, a multiple evaluation method so called Multi-Centered Usability Evaluation Method(MCUEM) was suggested and structured in this study. To use MCUEM, the existing evaluation methods were re-categorized into 'developer and evaluator-centered', 'evaluator-centered', 'user-centered', 'evaluator and user-centered', and the 'developer, evaluator, and user-centered methods. Furthermore, in order to verify the relevance of MCUEM, the usability of mobile phone was tested in this study. In results, it was found that different evaluation methods generated greatly different results, that showed the risk of using a particular usability method due to different perspectives of evaluators. At the same time, it was found that MCUEM could greatly minimize such biases. Therefore, it was concluded that using MCUEM could help the usability engineer design a test protocol with a minimal risk of bias due to different perspective of evaluators.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.319-330
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• 2011

In computer forensics investigation, the investigators collect, protect, analyze and interpret massive amount of data which were used in cyber crime. However, due to its huge amount of information, it takes a great deal of time and errors often result even when they use forensics investigation tool in the process. The information visualization techniques will greatly help to improve the information processing ability of human when they deal with the overwhelming amount of data and have to find out significant information in it. The importance of Intrusion Detection System(IDS) among network forensics is being emphasized in computer forensics. In this study, we apply the information visualization techniques which are proposed to be a great help to IDS and carry out the usability test to find out the most effective information visualization techniques for IDS.