• 제목/요약/키워드: Ergonomic risk assessment tools

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A Design Procedure for Safety Simulation System Using Virtual Reality

  • Ki, Jae-Seug
    • 대한안전경영과학회지
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    • 제1권1호
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    • pp.69-77
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    • 1999
  • One of the objectives of any task design is to provide a safe and helpful workplace for the employees. The safety and health module may include means for confronting the design with safety and health regulations and standards as well as tools for obstacles and collisions detection (such as error models and simulators), Virtual Reality is a leading edge technology which has only very recently become available on platforms and at prices accessible to the majority of simulation engineers. The design of an automated manufacturing system is a complicated, multidisciplinary task that requires involvement of several specialists. In this paper, a design procedure that facilitates the safety and ergonomic considerations of an automated manufacturing system are described. The procedure consists of the following major steps. Data collection and analysis of the data, creation of a three-dimensional simulation model of the work environment, simulation for safety analysis and risk assessment, development of safety solutions, selection of the preferred solutions, implementation of the selected solutions, reporting, and training. When improving the safety of an existing system the three-dimensional simulation model helps the designer to perceive the work from operators point of view objectively and safely without the exposure to hazards of the actual system.

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비정형작업 근골격계질환 위험요인의 노출평가: 일부 병원근로자에 대한 PATH-KOSHA 관찰도구 적용사례 (Exposure assessment of musculoskeletal disorder risk factors in non routinized work: An application of PATH-KOSHA observational tool to hospital workers)

  • 박정근;한영선
    • 한국산업보건학회지
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    • 제19권4호
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    • pp.412-422
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    • 2009
  • This study was conducted to assess exposure to musculoskeletal disorder(MSD) risk factors in hospital personnel who performed non-routinized work tasks. A tool ("PATH-KOSHA" version) was newly revised from PATH(Posture, Activity, Tools and Handling) method and uploaded into a personal digital assistant(PDA). The version was used, on a basis of direct-observation, to collect PATH data at the 2 hospital settings in different regions. Job analysis was performed to get various information (e.g., work and rest time, task type) as well. The data collected were visually checked for data cleaning and stored for future data analysis. A total of 1,992 PATH observations were made for 37 hospital workers. Exposure levels varied across 18 items of the MSD risk factors. The highest percent time spent on non-neutral postures was 53% for wrist deviation, followed by 47%(pinch grip), 35%(trunk posture), 23%(neck posture), and 20%(shoulder/arm posture). The highest percent time spent among hand activity level(HAL) variables was 55% for HAL-cat2 (HAL: 3.3 - <6.7). The percent time of items with respect to both loads with more than 5kg and contact stress was less than 4%. Vibration was not exposed in the study workers. Different aspects were discussed for findings. The study results showed that wrist deviation was highest in percent time spent on awkward posture while HAL-cat2 was highest in hand repetition. The study suggests that distal upper extremity posture and HAL should be primarily addressed and controlled in non-routinized work including the hospital settings.

소규모 작업장 작업자들의 인간공학적 평가 및 정량적 부하 평가 -한과작업장을 중심으로- (Assessment of Working Posture Using RULA and REBA in Small Plants with Agricultural Products)

  • 구혜란;김효철;신용석;이경숙
    • 농촌지도와개발
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    • 제19권4호
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    • pp.1021-1039
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    • 2012
  • 본 연구의 목적은 소규모 농산물 가공공장 중 하나인 한과작업장의 작업자들을 대상으로 인간공학적 평가를 실시하고, 이를 바탕으로 정량적 평가를 위해 실내 근전도 실험을 하여 어떤 작업에서 어떤 근육에 근골격계질환 가능성이 있는지 평가하는데 있다. 연구방법은 인간공학적 평가도구인 RULA 및 REBA를 이용하여 근골격계질환 위험 작업을 추출하고, 신체건강한 성인 남성 6명을 대상으로 근전도 실험을 하였다. 인간공학적 평가 결과 건조작업이 근골격계질환 위험도가 가장 높았으며, 건조 작업자세, 수세 작업자세, 고물 묻히는 작업자세 중 수세 작업자세가 근활성도가 가장 높았다. 특히, 건조작업에서 하지근육인 대퇴이두근과 비복근이 다른 근육들에 비해 상대적으로 근활성도가 높았다. 따라서 추후에 한과작업장 설계시 허리를 깊게 숙인 채 장시간 작업하는 자세가 없도록 해야 한다.

물리치료사의 작업관련 근골격계 통증과 부담작업 유해요인 평가: 성인 신경계 손상 치료를 중심으로 (Work-Related Musculoskeletal Pain and Workload Evaluation of Physical Therapists: Focused on Neurological Injury Treatment of Adults)

  • 이중호;최영철;김진상
    • 한국전문물리치료학회지
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    • 제19권2호
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    • pp.69-79
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    • 2012
  • Importance of the work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) has been increasing in the hospital industry such as health care industry and financial industry. This study investigated in order to identify the factors like general, occupational and ergonomically characteristics of the subjects related to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) of physical therapists (PTs). Ergonomic tools of rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) were used for evaluation workload of the tasks. Prevalence of MSDs were 13 PTs (26.0%) for neck, 31 PTs (62.0%) for shoulder, 9 PTs (18.0%) for arm/elbow, 27 PTs (54.0%) for hand/wrist, 28 PTs (56.0%) for back, 14 PTs (28.0%) for leg/foot. The analysis of the rate of the pain intensity showed that 53.5% subjects experience moderate pain and 14.0% subjects experience severe pain. Factors which were general characteristics, for example, height, ergonomically characteristics such as 'Posture Score A' were related musculoskeletal subjective symptoms in logistic analysis (p<.05). Among physical therapists, action level of RULA were action level 2 (6.0%), action level 3 (52.0%), action level 4 (42.0%). Physical therapists were estimated one of the highest risk factor in this study. This study suggested that the need of preventive education and program for PTs (physical therapists). Comprehensive and systematic management plans should be established to include both ergonomic and sociopsychological aspects.

A Design Procedure for Safety Simulation System Using Virtual Reality

  • Jae-seug Ki
    • 대한안전경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한안전경영과학회 1999년도 추계학술대회
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    • pp.381-389
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    • 1999
  • One of the objectives of any task design is to provide a safe and helpful workplace for the employees. The safety and health module may include means for confronting the design with safety and health regulations and standards as well as tools for obstacles and collisions detection (such as error models and simulators). Virtual Reality is a leading edge technology which has only very recently become available on platforms and at prices accessible to the majority of simulation engineers. The design of an automated manufacturing system is a complicated, multidisciplinary task that requires involvement of several specialists. In this paper, a design procedure that facilitates the safety and ergonomic considerations of an automated manufacturing system are described. The procedure consists of the following major steps: Data collection and analysis of the data, creation of a three-dimensional simulation model of the work environment, simulation for safety analysis and risk assessment, development of safety solutions, selection of the preferred solutions, implementation of the selected solutions, reporting, and training When improving the safety of an existing system the three-dimensional simulation model helps the designer to perceive the work from operators point of view objectively and safely without the exposure to hazards of the actual system.

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인적요인을 고려한 연안해역 위험도 평가모델 비교·분석 (Comparison and Analysis on Risk Assessment Models of Coastal Waters considering Human Factors)

  • 김인철;안광
    • 한국항해항만학회지
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    • 제40권1호
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    • pp.27-34
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    • 2016
  • 국제기구에서 제시해 온 해양사고 예방대책은 주로 선박의 구조 및 복원성 강화, 선원의 교육 훈련, 해상교통환경 개선에 중점을 둔 것이었다. 해양사고통계를 분석한 결과, 사고는 주로 연안해역에서 인적요인에 의해 발생하였다. 이에 기존의 사고예방대책들이 통계분석 결과에 호응하는지 검토하기 위해 사고조사기법인 SHELL모델에 대입하였다. 결과적으로 연안해역에서 인간과실을 방지하기 위해서는 선박 운항자와 항행여건 사이의 상호작용에 대한 인간공학적 접근이 필요함이 도출되었다. 이를 위해 인간의 의사결정 메커니즘으로써 라스무센의 SRK 피라미드, 사고로 표현된 해상운송시스템의 붕괴에 관한 미국 연안경비대 등의 조사 지침서, 그리고 위험성평가모델인 IWRAP, PAWSA, ES모델, PARK모델과 NURI모델의 장단점을 검토하였다. 그 결과, 비록 기존의 위험성 평가모델은 항만이나 접근수로에서 유효성이 인정되었다고 하나 연안해역에서는 보완이 필요하며, 선박운항자가 직관적으로 해역의 상대적 위험도를 인식할 수 있도록 위험표시도를 발간할 필요가 있으며 이를 위해 선박운항자가 느끼는 정성적 위험도를 정량적으로 표시하기 위한 새로운 한국형 모델의 개발 필요성을 제안하였다.