• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.391-402
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• 2008

Today's product development environment is characterized as abrupt changes in consumer needs and short lifecycle of the product, which requires manufacturing companies to be equipped with time-to-market and time-to-volume strategies as prime factors for the successful product launch on market. They especially need to bring a product to the market faster with smart methodologies that enable assembly manufacturers to efficiently simulate and manage part assembly information throughout product development process. The research in this paper provides n e-manufacturing methodology considering geometric constraints in order to decide assembly process sequences. The methodology organizies the part layout (position & orientation) in order to optimize human postures during the assembly processes. As the case studies, assembly parts for two commercial products have been generated as CAD models and analyzed for the desired solutions for part assembly sequences using the proposed methodology.

• IE interfaces
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 2011

Measurement protocols for hand anthropometry have been studied for ergonomic product design. The present study developed a 3D semi-automatic measurement protocol (3D-SAMP) which semi-automatically measures various hand dimensions using a 3D scanner. The 3D-SAMP was compared with the conventional direct measurement method (DMM) to examine its effectiveness. The 3D-SAMP consists of (1) fabricating a plaster cast of the hand, (2) placing landmarks on the plaster hand, (3) scanning the plaster hand with a 3D scanner, (4) identifying automatically the positions of the landmarks on the digital hand, and (5) extracting automatically hand anthropometric measurements (lengths, widths, thicknesses, and circumferences). An evaluation experiment conducted in the study found the 3D-SAMP preferred to the DMM in terms of reliability (the number of dimensions exceeding the variability criteria SD=2 mm and CV=5% : 3D-SAMP =2 and DMM=24) and ease of measurement (3D-SAMP=5.2 and DMM=4.3 out of 7). The 3D-SAMP can be applied to ergonomic design of a hand-held product.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.520-530
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• 2016

This research aims to propose an ergonomic design process for hip protector based on previous studies, existing products, multidisciplinary experts opinion, and wearing test. The elderly are more likely to suffer a hip fracture when they fall due to their physical changes in skeletal form, muscle quantity, bone density, and joint movement. A hip protector is an effective product to prevent hip fractures in the elderly but it also has a problem in that it is uncomfortable. Therefore there is a high chance that it won't be able to prevent hip fractures properly. Since the comfort of a hip protector is one of the most critical elements in preventing a hip fracture, we need to keep improving the hip protector for mobility and usability. Based on the previous studies and limitations of current hip protector products, we need to come up with an optimal design for the Korean elderly. First, knowledge has to be built relating to the ergonomic design of the hip protector considering body shape and size analysis using 3D-scan data, and biomechanical analysis on hip fracture. Second, we need to develop a design process including hip protector pattern design, and wearing evaluation with virtual system. Third, we suggest to reevaluate and verify the design procedure from impact evaluation using testing simulator, virtual evaluation of impact, to wearing comfort and usability evaluation. This design process presented in this study would be expected to contribute to the development of ergonomic hip protector which is suitable for the Korean elderly.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.61-69
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• 2009

With increasing needs for affective design, it became an essential part in a product development process to look up quantitative ergonomic data that reflects customers' preferences on design factors in various products. This study looked at wide LCD monitors and analyzed customers' affective preferences regarding monitor's bezel frame size and shape. The monitor's bezel frame depth, size and ratio were selected as independent variables among many design parameters. As dependent variables, customer's subjective preferences were measured. A statistical analysis revealed that monitor's bezel frame depth, size and ratio had significant effects on customer's preferences. Also, it was possible to find a different tendency on affective variables and their levels for 19" and 24" wide LCD monitors. In general, experiments revealed that customers reacted more sensitively in 24" wide LCD monitors to all variables. In 19" wide LCD monitors, only the lower frame bezel size had a significant effect, otherwise, lower, upper and side frame bezels appeared to be effective variables in 24" monitors. In order to reflect customer's affective preferences to new design of wide LCD monitors, this study is expected to provide quantitative ergonomic data and guidelines for the design of wide LCD monitor's bezel frame depth and size.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2011

Consumer products are produced on the premise that consumers can use their products safely and effectively no matter how serious human errors they may make. However, different careers and educational experiences of them may induce diverse human errors when they want to use them. In that sense, not a few policies to reduce human errors may show some implications for human error prevention and industrial design of consumer products. In this paper, producers' safety efforts required by Product Liability(PL) Act were reviewed in view of human error prevention, and legal aspects of manufacturers' responsibility for consumer products were discussed in relation to Product Liability Act. Then, principal approaches for them were introduced under the title of System Safety Precedence. After that, major key points for preventing human errors related with consumer products - such as ergonomic design and effective labeling - were discussed with reference to ISO standards. Therefore, it was shown that all the efforts required by PL Act would be correspondent to human error prevention in the whole manufacturing processes if understood by ergonomists. To make a conclusion, it could be said that, for human error prevention, the principle of System Safety Precedence would be indispensable, and that all the efforts for preventing human errors should be systematically organized in Product Safety Management Systems.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.24-30
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• 2013

The Korea Navy has been making constant efforts to apply M&S (modeling and simulation) to naval ship development, and the generalization of M&S for ship development is a trend. M&S for ship design is used for the V&V (verification and validation) of its design and operation, including design verification and ergonomic design that considers the crew using the Naval Ship Product Model. In addition, many parts of this M&S are repeatedly accomplished regardless of the kinds of ships. This study aims to standardize M&S, which repeatedly applies similar verifications for operation scenarios. A congestion assessment simulation for the major spaces of ships was the subject of the standardization based on the leading research results of various researchers, and a simulation automation solution was suggested. An information model using XML was proposed through the simulation automation concept, and a prototype system based on it was implemented. The usability was shown through a case study that verified the operability performance of the crew messroom.

• Archives of design research
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• v.14
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• pp.1-7
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• 1996

Designers often hesitate to decide the shape, size, and layout of a product. Though ergonomic principles and data are absolutely needed in this process, they don have enough guidelines to refer. For the refrigerator designers, they also are not convinced of their decision: the vertical position of the freezing and refrigerating rooms, the height of shelves, the shape of door-handle, etc. To support the refrigerator design, we applied several ergonomic methods to the evaluation of refrigerator. EMG was measured to evaluate the load of users lumbar muscle. Based upon the experimental EMG data, we developed a model to estimate the relative load corresponding to the height of refrigerator shelves. Two different layouts of a refrigerator, R/F and F/R styles, were compared with the model. A three-dimensional motion analysis method was used to evaluate the users motion of using a refrigerator. Ten door-handles with the different shapes and positions were evaluated by tracking the rotations of the users arm. Video protocol analysis was used to evaluate the user interface of a control panel in a refrigerator. Finally, we suggested several ergonomic design guidelines based on the facts found in this research and the anthropometric data of the Korean adults. The results of this study can be applied to the ergonomic design of refrigerators

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.35-45
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• 1999

Driver centered vehicle design is the important factor for driver's safety, product quality, and so on. Therefore, people has recently recognized the importance of driver centered vehicle design. Especially, in the focus of driver-vehicle interaction system, it is very important factor to ergonomic design of vehicle cockpit. In this study, Sketch Map method was used to measure of driver's cognitive map on IP(Instrument Panel) that is the basic factor to ergonomic design for vehicle cockpit. The compatibility of Sketch Map method was validated for the measurement of driver's cognitive map and then the accuracy between two groups was analyzed using Sketch Map method. Subjects were divided in two groups, the first group of subjects has their own vehicles and driver license, and the second group of subjects doesn't have own vehicle but has driver license. The result showed that for the case of the first group, the shape of IP in the cognitive map was influenced by IP of their each vehicle. However, for the case of the second group, it showed the difference between IP in the cognitive map and IP of experienced vehicle many times because they have been driving various type of vehicle. So, the shape of IP in the cognitive map was influenced by various type of IP.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.4165-4176
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• 2014

Although agriculture has a long history, there has beena lack of consideration and interest in farmers. This paper considered the present condition of agriculture on anergonomic perspective using a literature review and suggestsdirections for afuture study to improve the work efficiency and safety-health of farmers. The results showed that the literature could beclassified 4 categories; the design of agriculture equipment, safety-health, safety management, and product design. The safety-health category contained the majority of papers with product design category containing the minority. In future, a study ofproduct liability probability, the design of a work and rest time, and clothes design against cold will be needed.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.743-755
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• 2005

Human Sensibility Engineering System (HSES) has been applied to product development for customer's satisfaction based on ergonomic technology. The system is composed of three parts such as human sensibility analysis, inference mechanism, and presentation technologies. Inference mechanism translating human sensibility into design elements plays an important role in the HSES. In this paper, we propose a rule-based inference model for HSES. The rule-based inference model is composed of five rules and two inference approaches. Each of these rules reasons the design elements for selected human sensibility words with the decision variables from regression analysis in terms of forward inference. These results are evaluated by means of backward inference. By comparing the evaluation results, the inference model decides on product design elements which are closer to the customer's feeling and emotion. Finally, simulation results are tested statistically in order to ascertain the validity of the model.