• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.265-273
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• 2015

It is the better to take preventative measures against the natural intrusion in advance from invasive alien species that reduce biodiversity and cause economic loss to humans. If the prevention of intrusion and spread fails, we need to make active control and eradication. This study aims to introduce nutria (Myocastor coypus) control cases performed in the United Kingdom and the United States and to provide information for the contribution of nutria management measure improvements. The nutria eradication campaign in the United Kingdom was developed as a long-term plan based on sufficient understanding on the management target and objective and suitable support. Sufficient information on nutria was accumulated and the management strategy was flexibly modified according to the changes in management that were proactively reflected in the field. Regarding the eradication project at Chesapeake Bay in the United States, based on long-term ecological information, more advanced capture technology than in the United Kingdom were introduced and the eradication plan, strategy and implementation were configured by analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of the eradication campaign in the United Kingdom. The successful cases in the United Kingdom and the United State provide an information on how to improv the nutria management measure. For the eradication of nutria, it is necessary to reach a consensus between stakeholders and to form a consultative group between related organizations for periodic communication. Opinions on the field must be actively accepted in the consultation process for strategy and policy decision, and the eradication plan needs to be developed based on a management index. The eradication plan is required to be managed, evaluated and adjusted in a systematic way. Scientific management must be introduced and the management performance must be evaluated objectively so that a practical plan can be flexibly adjusted. It is also required to secure a long-term budget support and a stable organization and to input a concentrated budget at the proper period when there is high efficiency of eradication.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.57 no.11
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• pp.32.1-32.8
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• 2015

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is considered to be one of the main constraints to enhancing the productivity of goats and sheep in regions where it is present and becoming endemic. PPR was recognized in Pakistan in early 1990s but got importance during the Participatory Disease Surveillance (PDS) of Rinderpest Eradication Campaign. Lot of research work has been initiated during last decade towards disease epidemiology, risk factor recognition, laboratory diagnosis, vaccination and demonstration of control strategies. Although there are ongoing projects working towards the progressive control of the disease in country yet there is need to have a national level control program for PPR. Also there is need to have comprehensive social economic surveys, disease hot spot recognition and identification of role of other species in disease transmission. With combined efforts of local and national authorities and political will, there is high likelihood that this devastating disease can be controlled and eventually eradicated in near future.

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.289-301
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• 1987

Outbreaks of foulbrood in honey bees rearing on Cheju Island(an apiary with 172 colonies) and in Pusan City(an apiary with 100 colonies) were reported in April, 1987. The disease striked on Cheju Island was identified as American foulbrood caused by Bacil

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.197-206
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• 2006

In March 2003, classical swine fever (CSF) infection was reported in a piggery located at Iksan city, Jeollabuk-do in Korea. Subsequently, a total of 72 infected farms were confirmed between March and December, 2003. Based on epidemiological investigation of the earlier confirmed infected farms, the source of infection was shown to be from a breeding farm. Targeted surveillance of 82 piggeries that had acquired pigs from this breeding farm showed 44 piggeries were infected with CSF virus. CSF virus was introduced into this breeding farm by movement of selected breeder pigs from its 12 contracted farms which were located in areas that had been affected by CSF epidemic in late 2002. CSF had then spread through out the country mainly by direct transmission through the sale and movement of pigs from this breeding farm. Consequently, 47 (62%) among 72 CSF affected farms were associated, directly and indirectly, with this breeding farm. This study showed that inadequate control for breeding farms and transport restriction in CSF outbreak areas resulted in the nationwide spread of CSF and the failure of the eradication campaign that has been underway for several years by the Korean animal hygiene authority as well as the fanners. Improvements of control policy through further research of the 2003 CSF epidemic will be needed to reestablish the Korean CSF eradication program in the future.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.187-196
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• 2013

Recently, school violence has come to the fore as a social phenomenon. "Comprehensive countermeasures for eradication of school violence" as a policy safety are created by Safety Administration bureau and Ministry of Education, Science and Technology under the chairmanship of the Office of Prime Minister on Feb,2012. This policy is supposed to be test-operated for a year from March, 2012. but voices of concern about effectiveness have been brought up by some critics greatly. So 172 teachers in high school in Seoul were surveyed in order to examine the effectiveness of "Comprehensive countermeasures for eradication of school violence" with a questionnaire composed of 5 point Likert-type. Among the fundamental measures, there were a total of 12 countermeasures about 'Practices for personality education' (with the exception of unrelated one question). 'Expanding opportunities of various art education and Supporting reading activities' of them ranked highest on average. Then, 'Reflecting results of special feature related to character develops to the Selection of Admission officers and Self-directed learning was the next. And among the three countermeasures about 'Reinforcement of roles of the family and society', 'Pan governmental conducting annual campaign related to broadcast, press, civic group to combat school violence was highest. Finally, among the 7 countermeasures about 'Countermeasure about harmful factors of games and internet addiction', 'Reinforcement of preventive discipline about game and internet addiction' was highest and 'Development and Promotion of various educational contents for preventive discipline about game and internet addiction' was the next.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.107-117
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• 2006

This paper described the epidemiological characteristics of 2002 outbreak of classical swine fever (CSF) in Korea. A total of thirteen CSF-infected farms could be classified into two clusters according to the location and time of outbreak. Two farms located in the same county of Gangwon province and 11 farms located in several different districts of Incheon metropolitan/Gyeonggi province were identified as CSF-infected from April 16 to 30 and from October 7 to December 21 in 2002, respectively. As the result of epidemiological analysis, the two clusters of outbreaks were turned out to be independent epidemics which had different sources of virus introduction. Three farms were found to have been infected primarily; one located in Cheolwon county of Gangwon province and two located in Kangwha county of Incheon metropolitan area. The most likely factors of virus introduction into these primary infected farms were considered to be direct or indirect contact by foreign workers and/or owners of the infected farms who had come back from traveling in China before outbreaks. This was supported by the genetic typing of CSF viruses isolated from the pigs of infected farms. All the virus isolates of 2002 outbreak were found to be genetic type 2, whereas the viruses isolated before 2000 were type 3 and the reference strains, such as attenuated live vaccine virus (LOM strain) and high virulent challenge virus (ALD strain), were type 1. Accordingly, we concluded that the 2002 CSF outbreak must have been caused by a newly introduced virus from overseas and the type 3 virus must have been eradicated after the last outbreak of 1999 by the national CSF eradication campaign which were implemented since 1996. Based on the combined analysis of epidemiological data and genetic typing, the transmission routes of classical swine fever virus were found to be the movement of vehicles (60%) and persons (10%), neighbourhood spread (20%) and unknown (10%). It is expected that the analyzed data and findings of classical swine fever outbreak epidemic could be very useful to establish the disease control and eradication program for the country in the future.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.177-181
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• 2016

This cross-sectional descriptive and qualitative study was aimed to study the people participation and their approaches toward the human carcinogenic liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini, prevention and control in Ban Chaun sub-district administrative organization (BCSAO) and Bamnet Narong sub-district municipality (BNSM), Bamnet Narong district, Chaiyaphum Province, Thailand between June 2013 and February 2014. Participants were purposive selected, included chiefs of sub-district administrative organizations, sub-district municipalities, sub-district health promotion hospitals (SHPHs), heads of village, and a further sample was selected with a multi-stage random sampling for public health volunteers, and villagers. The pre-designed questionnaire contained items for individualized status and the participatory steps of sharing ideas, decision-making, and planning, procession, evaluation, and mutual benefit, for the project O. viverrini prevention and control (POPC). In-depth interviews were used for collection of need approaches to POPC. With 375 participants who completed the questionnaire, it was found that people had a high level regarding to participate in the POPC, particularly in the process stage ($\bar{X}=3.78$, S.D. = 0.56), but the lowest level was found in sharing ideas, decision making, and planning step ($\bar{X}=3.65$, S.D. = 0.63). By comparison, participant status and organization did not significantly differ with people participation. In each step, Ban Chaun sub-district had a high level of participation in the step of sharing ideas, decision making, and planning toward POPC, more than Bamnet Narong sub-district municipality (t=2.20, p=0.028). Approaches for POPC in Ban Chaun sub-district and Bamnet Narong sub-district municipality included requirements for budget support, annual campaigns for liver fluke prevention and control, campaign promotion, risk group observation, home visiting, community rules regarding reducing raw fish consumption in their communities, and a professional public health officer for working in their communities, BCSAO, BNSM, and SHPH, for O. viverrini prevention and control. This study indicates that people realize that eradication of the liver fluke needs a continuous people participation for O. viverrini prevention and control in their communities.

• The Southeast Asian review
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.213-247
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• 2018

Thailand in 2017 the public sentiment has turned against the military government. The four pledges the military declared immediately after the 2014 coup, restoration of democracy, addressing of divisive politics, eradication of corruption, and stimulation of the economy have all failed. In the same year, however, Thai military junta began to recover it's diplomatic relationship with western countries including US and EU owing to promulgation of the new constitution endorsed by King Maha Vajiralongkorn and the lavish funeral of late King Bhumibol Adulyadej which was attended by huge number of condolence delegations from around the world including US Defense Secretary James Mattis. Since the 2014 coup, US has sanctioned the country under military junta led by General Prayuth Chan-o-cha for urging them back to the barracks. EU also joined this sanction measures. US signaled change in it's policy when General Prayuth got the chance to visit US and meet President Donal Trump in 2017. General Prayuth Chan-o-cha's military junta could start to restore it's reputation internationally. Domestically, he used absolute powers based on section 44 of the interim constitution, also guranteed in the new constitution. Oversea and national human rights groups have criticized that the interim constitution for permitting the NCPO, Thai military junta's official name, to carry out policies and actions without any effective oversight or accountability for human rights violations. On 1 December 2017, Thailand marked the one-year anniversary of King Maha Vajiralongkorn's accession to the throne as the country's new monarch, Rama X. In the first year of King Rama X's reign, arrests, prosecutions, and imprisonment under Article 112 of Thailand's Criminal Code (lese-majeste) have continued unabated in Thailand. NCPO has continued to abuse Article 112 to detain alleged violators and curb any form of discussion regarding the monarchy, particularly on social media. In this worsening human rights environment General Prayuth Chan-o-cha enforced continuously campaign like Thai-style democracy- an effort to promote largely autocratic 'Thainess' in such a way that freedom of expression is threatened. It is a resurgence of 'Sarit Model'. In the beginning of 2017 Thai military government raised the slogan of 'opportunity Thailand' in the context of 'Thailand 4.0' project which attempts to transform Thai economy based on industry-driven to innovation-driven for recovering robust growth. To consider freedom and liberty as a source of innovation, 'Thailand 4.0' led by 'Sarit Model' without democracy would be skeptical.