• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.123-129
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• 2007

This paper presents a theoretical model for the analysis of double-bumped AFBs. The stiffness and damping coefficients of the double bump vary depending on the external load and its friction coefficient. In the case of a lightly loaded condition where only the upper bump contributes to deformation, the double bump is in the single active region. In the case of a heavily loaded condition where both the upper and lower bumps contribute to deformation, the double bump is in the double active region. So the double bump can be either in the single or double active region depending on vertical deflection. The equivalent stiffness and damping coefficients of the bump system are derived from the vertical and horizontal deflection of the bump, including the friction effect. A static and dynamic performance analysis is carried out by using the finite difference method and the perturbation technique. The results of the performance analysis for a double-bumped AFB are compared with those obtained for a single-bumped AFB. This paper successfully proves that a double bumped AFB has higher load capacity, stiffness, and damping than a single-bumped AFB in a heavily loaded condition.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.323-331
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• 2020

Pile foundation is widely used for railway bridges in loess throughout northwestern China. Modeling of the loess-pile interaction is an essential part for seismic analysis of bridge with pile foundation at seismically active regions. A quasi-static test is carried out to investigate the hysteretic behaviors of pile foundation in collapsible loess. The failure characteristics of the bridge pile-loess system under the cyclic lateral loading are summarized. From the test results, the energy dissipation, stiffness degradation and ductility of the pile foundation in loess are analyzed. Therefore, a bilinear model with stiffness degradation is recommended for the nonlinearity of the bridge pier-pile-loess system. It can be found that the stiffness of the bridge pier-pile-loess system decreases quickly in the initial stage, and then becomes more slowly with the increase of the displacement ductility. The equivalent viscous damping ratio is defined as the ratio of the dissipated energy in one cycle of hysteresis curves and increases with the lateral displacement.

• 전산구조공학
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.103-113
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• 1995

고무 재질로 이루어진 차량 구조물의 연결요소에 대한 등가 강성계수는 차량 시스템 동역학 특성에 매우 민감하게 영향을 주므로 이에 대한 신뢰성있는 해석이 요구된다. 본 논문에서는, 고무의 역학 모델을 정하중 하에서는 유한 변형 및 Hook 모델로 그리고 동하중 하에서는 Voigt 모델로 가정하여, 연결요소의 등가 정-동강성계수를 유한요소법으로 해석하고자 한다. 실제 차량에 사용되고 있는 동일 모양의 방진고무들을 실험 평가한 결과 강성계수값들의 분산 정도가 심함을 알 수 있었다. 유한요소 해석에 필요한 고무 재질의 물성치의 신뢰성을 높이기 위하여 제품의 특정 방향 정특성 실험 데이타로부터 역으로 재질의 물성치를 규명하였다. 그 물성치로부터 원하는 방향에서의 강성계수를 산출하여 실험치와 비교하여 효용성을 보였다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1776-1781
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• 2008

To reduce interior noise of running vehicles, a floating floor construction has been widely used in recent railway industry. Among the key factors of the floating floor design, dynamic stiffness is of most important in acoustical point of view. Sometimes hard rubber type supports have often been selected due to the other design constraints such as heavy load condition, durability of rubber element and its cost etc., even though it seems like the softer support, the better isolation of noise and vibration. In this paper two representative floor supports have been considered to evaluate their effectiveness in interior noise contribution: one is a soft rubber and another is a relatively hard one. From the measured dynamic stiffness of the specimens, equivalent stiffness of actual floating floor has been derived to use in the analytical models. Calculated air-borne and structure-borne noise insulation properties of the floating floors have been compared with experiments in prototype car. In full car model interior noise levels of running vehicles have been predicted to quantify the effectiveness of the two different floating support materials and verified through the measured inside noise levels of actual train as well. By comparison with difference of running noise levels two materials for floor support can be investigated quantitatively so that it could be applied in floating floor design.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.913-919
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• 2008

Dynamic characteristics of a wrist power transmission of an industrial robot are studied. The wrist power transmission has complex structure characteristics, because it is composed with several shafts and gear system. We used an analytical method to investigate the dynamic characteristics. An analytical model is a rigid model which is composed with masses and springs. Both bearing and gear contact model represent equivalent stiffness springs which are determined by the experiment. In order to investigate the dynamic tendency of the robot wrist power transmission, we simulate the analytical model. There is a dynamic analysis tool which is called the RecurDyn. To verify the analytic results, we experiment a signal analysis which is an overall noise level of the robot. By the parametric study of the element of the robot, we study an improvement method of dynamic characteristics.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.1313-1336
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• 2015

The self-centering prestressed concrete (SCPC) bridge pier with external dissipators is a novel structure, aiming at reducing residual deformation and facilitating the post-earthquake repair. This paper presents the configuration and mechanical behaviors of the pier. A theoretical model for the lateral force-displacement relationship under cyclic loading is developed. The proposed model comprises an iterative procedure which describes the deformation of dissipators under different conditions. Equations of pier stiffness after gap opening, as well as the equivalent viscous damping ratio, etc., are derived based on the proposed model. Existing cyclic load test results were used to validate the proposed model, and good agreement is observed between the analytical and test results.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.411-424
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• 2018

This study explores the inelastic behavior of systems with flexible base. The use of a single degree of freedom system (ESDOF) with equivalent ductility to represent the response of flexible base systems is discussed. Two different equations to compute equivalent ductility are proposed, one which includes the contribution of rigid body components, and other based on the overstrength of the structure. In order to asses the accuracy of ESDOF approach with the proposed equations, the behavior of a 10-story regular building with reinforced concrete (RC) moment resisting frames is studied. Local and global ductility capacity and demands are used to study the modifications introduced by base flexibility. Three soil types are considered with shear wave velocities of 70, 100 and 250 m/s. Soil-foundation stiffness is included with a set of springs on the base (impedance functions). Capacity curves of the building are computed with pushover analysis. In addition, non linear time history analysis are used to asses the ductility demands. Results show that ductility capacity of the soil-structure system including rigid body components is reduced. Base flexibility does not modify neither yield and maximum base shear. Equivalent ductility estimated with the proposed equations is fits better the results of the numerical model than the one considering elastoplastic behavior. Modification of beams ductility demand due to base flexibility are not constant within the structure. Some elements experience reduced ductility demands while other elements experience increments when flexible base is considered. Soil structure interaction produces changes in the relation between yield strength reduction factor and structure ductility demand. These changes are dependent on the spectral shape and the period of the system with fixed and flexible base.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.447-454
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• 2012

중공슬래브 시스템은 슬래브 두께가 증가해도 자중은 크게 증가하지 않으면서 일반슬래브에 비해서 휨강성이 크게 저하되지 않는 장점이 있다. 그러나 이러한 장스팬 구조의 경우 바닥판 진동의 증가에 의한 사용성 문제가 발생할 수 있고, 특히 중공슬래브의 경우 기존의 구조시스템과 동적특성이 상이하다. 따라서 진동에 대한 중공슬래브의 안전성 및 사용성 검토가 요구되고 있으며, 이를 위한 실용적인 정밀해석이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 효율적인 고유치 해석을 위하여 일방향 중공슬래브의 동적특성을 비교적 정확하게 나타낼 수 있는 등가의 플레이트 모델을 사용하였다. 결론적으로 등가플레이트 모델이 일방향 중공슬래브의 동적특정을 비교적 정확하게 나타나는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.363-373
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• 2014

In this study, computational multi-body dynamic analyses for the drivetrain system of a 5 MW class offshore wind turbine have been conducted using efficient equivalent modeling technique based on the design guideline of GL 2010. The present drivetrain system is originally modeled and its related system data is adopted from the NREL 5 MW wind turbine model. Efficient computational method for the drivetrain system dynamics is proposed based on an international guideline for the certification of wind turbine. Structural dynamic behaviors of drivetrain system with blade, hub, shaft, gearbox, supports, brake disk, coupling, and electric generator have been analyzed and the results for natural frequency and equivalent torsional stiffness of the drivetrain system are presented in detail. It is finally shown that the present multi-body dynamic analysis method gives good agreement with the previous results of the 5 MW class wind turbine system.

• 항공우주시스템공학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.6-13
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• 2014

A passive launch and on-orbit vibration isolator using SMA(Shape Memory Alloy) washer for both the structural safety of the micro-vibration source by attenuating the transmitted force under launch loads and the micro-vibration isolation during their on-orbit operation has been proposed, which does not require the additional launch locking mechanism. To measure the characteristics of SMA mesh washer, we performed compressive loading tests with a single SMA mesh washer and a vibration isolator using SMA mesh washer. The numerical equivalent model of vibration isolator using SMA mesh washer composed of two spring and viscous damping elements has been verified that both stiffness and viscous damping varied with respect to compressed deformations. In addition, the effectiveness of launch loads and micro-vibration reduction has been investigated through the dynamic characteristics measurement test of cooler assembly combined with passive vibration isolator.