• Applied Microscopy
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.49-58
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• 1989

Ultrastructure of the excretory duct of the small ampullate gland in the orb web spider, Nephila clavata L. Koch are studied with light and electron microscopes. The small ampullate glands, located near the midline portion of the abdominal cavity, are connected with the spigots(large spinning tubes) on the middle spinnerets and composed of three parts which are the excretory duct, the storage sac and the convoluted tail. The excretory duct of this gland is enclosed by a thin layer of the outer connective tissues. By the morphology of the apical cuticles and internal textures of the epithelial cells, the duct is subdivided into two regions which are proximal duct region near the sac and distal duct region near the spinnerets. At the distal region of the ducts, the subcuticle which had the function of water removal form the progenetive silk material is well developed, whereas at the proximal region this cuticle disappeared and instead of these, endocuticle is developed. Moreover the epithelium of the distal duct region is composed of columnar epithelial cells, but at the proximal region the epithelium is changed to squamous or cuboidal forms. In the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells, rough endoplasmic reticula, Golgi comlexes and large secretory vesicles related to the production of the cuticular materials are well developed. And between the adjacent epithelial cells, specialized septate junction and desmosomes are formed along the plasma membrane.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.165-173
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 UPM에 의해 유발되는 NCI-H441 세포 내 ROS 생성과 그에 따른 tight junction 단백질(N-cadherin, fibronectin, occluding, ZO-1, 및 claudin-4 등)의 발현 억제를 확인하였고 ECL의 전처리로 인하여 해당 ROS 생성 및 tight junction 단백질 발현 억제 현상이 완화되는 보호효과를 확인하였다. 그 결과, 폐 세포에서 UPM에 의해 유발된 산화 스트레스 및 tight junction 단백질의 발현 감소가 ECL을 선 처리함으로써 억제되어 결과적으로 산화 스트레스와 같은 미세먼지에 의한 폐 손상으로부터 보호 효과를 나타내고 tight junction 수준의 유지를 확인하였다. 이러한 결과를 통해 ECL 추출물은 폐와 기관지의 보호효과를 나타내며 폐 관련 질병의 예방효과가 있는 기능성 천연 물질로써 활용이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.55-67
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• 1997

The morphological development of lungs in fetuses of 60, 90 and 120 days of gestation and neonates of Korean native goats was investigated by light, scanning and transmission electron mictroscope. The results were summarized as follows ; 1. Gross findings ; In the 60-days-old fetus, the lung was developed and differentiated into six lobes. 2. Light microscopic findings : The gland-like bronchioles were formed in loose mesenchyme at 60 days of gestation and the bronchial wall contained smooth muscles. The loose mesenchyme had been replaced by compact parenchymal tissue at 90 days of gestation and the cartilage plates appeared in bronchial wall which contained blood vessels, submucosal glands and smooth muscles. The lung parenchyma consisted of a fine network of alveoli at 120 days of gestation and the bronchial wall contained well-developed blood vessels, submucosal glands, cartilage plates and smooth muscles. In neonates, the lung tissue was similar to the mature lung tissue and the bronchial wall contained well developed cartilage plates. 3. Scanning electron microscopic findings : The epithelial cells lining the tubules were composed of cuboidal or columnar at 60 days of gestation and the epithelial cells lining the large airways were often ciliated : some were covered with stubby microvilli. The epithelial cells lining the canals were cuboidal at 90 days of gestation and the epithelial cells lining the bronchioles were ciliated cells or nonciliated(clara) cells, The clara cells contained row microvilli. The alvealor development of this stage was rapidly progressed ; the subdivision of canals by alveolar crests and assosiated wall attenuation resulted alveoli at 120 days of gestation and the respiratory bronchioles were lined by ciliated or nonciliated epithelial cells. In neonates, the epithelial cells lining the alveolar walls were mainly covered with pneumocyte type I ; Some were covered with pneu-mocyte type II. 4. Transmission electron microscopic findings : The epithelial cells lining the tubules were adhered with tight junction at apical borders of the adjacent cells at 60 days of gestation, which contained few organells and glycogen. The epithelial cells lining the canals were composed mostly of cuboidal cell at 90 days of gestation and the epithelial cells lining of the bronchioles were ciliated of nonciliated cell, which contained few organelles and abundant glycogen. The epithelial cells lining the alveolar walls were composed of pneumocyte type I and a few pneumocyte type II at 120 days of gestation. The epithelial cells lining of the bronchioles were ciliated or nonciliated cells. In neonates, pneumocyte type I was observed as flat and thin cytoplasmic extension in shape. Otherwise, pneumocyte type II was observed as cuboidal type with apical microvilli and contained osmiophillic lamellar inclusion bodies. Putting these various experiment results together, the lung development was slowly progressed at early stage, which was rapidly progressed in the late stage of gestation.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.303-314
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• 2024

Objective: Rutin, also called vitamin P, is a flavonoids from plants. Previous studies have indicated that rutin can alleviate the injury of tissues and cells by inhibiting oxidative stress and ameliorating inflammation. There is no report on the protective effects of rutin on goat rumen epithelial cells (GRECs) at present. Hence, we investigated whether rutin can alleviate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced damage in GRECs. Methods: GRECs were cultured in basal medium or basal medium containing 1 ㎍/mL LPS, or 1 ㎍/mL LPS and 20 ㎍/mL rutin. Six replicates were performed for each group. After 3-h culture, the GRECs were harvested to detect the relevant parameters. Results: Rutin significantly enhanced the cell activity (p<0.05) and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) (p<0.01) and significantly reduced the apoptosis rate (p<0.05) of LPS-induced GRECs. Rutin significantly increased superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase activity (p<0.01) and significantly decreased lactate dehydrogenase activity and reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in LPS-induced GRECs (p<0.01). The mRNA and protein levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-1β, and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8) and the mRNA level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and chemokine C-C motif ligand 5 (CCL5) were significantly increased in LPS-induced GRECs (p<0.05 or p<0.01), while rutin supplementation significantly decreased the mRNA and protein levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and CXCL8 in LPS-induced GRECs (p<0.05 or p<0.01). The mRNA level of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), and the mRNA and protein levels of TLR4 and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) was significantly improved in LPS-induced GRECs (p<0.05 or p<0.01), whereas rutin supplementation could significantly reduce the mRNA and protein levels of TLR4 (p<0.05 or p<0.01). In addition, rutin had a tendency of decreasing the protein levels of CXCL6, NF-κB, and inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B alpha (0.05

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.64-69
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• 2006

Gap junctional channels, allowing rapid intercellular communication and synchronization of coupled cell activities, play crucial roles in many signaling processes, including a variety of cell activities. Consequently, a modulation of the gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) should be a potential pharmacological target. In the present, the GJIC of a epithelial-derived rat mammary cells (BICR-M1Rk) was assessed in the presence of ginseng saponin, by using an established method of scrape-loading dye transfer assay. The transfer of Lucifer yellow (diameter: 1.2 nm) among the neighboring BICR-M1Rk cells, in which connexin43 (Cx43) is a major gap junction channel-forming protein, was significantly retarded at a concentration of $10{\mu}g/ml$ ginseng saponin. By using both methods of RT-PCR and Western blotting, it was demonstrated that ginseng saponin modulated neither the mRNA synthesis of Cx43 nor the translational process of Cx43. This ginseng saponin-induced modification of GJIC was a similar phenomenon observed under the $\beta$-glycyrrhetinic acid treatment, a well-known gap junction channel blocker. Taken together, it is reasonable to conclude that the ginseng saponin inhibits GJIC only by modulating the gating property of gap junction channels.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.8-17
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• 2006

목적 : 생체 외 당뇨병 상태로서 고농도의 당을 포함하는 배양액과 후기당화합물을 적용하여 세포배양하고 이때에 나타나는 병리적 변화, 즉, 세포외 기질의 변화와 형태학적 변화와 함께 투과성(여과율)의 변화를 살펴보았고 동시에 당뇨병성 신증에서의 단백뇨의 기전을 설명하고자 하였다. 방법 : 후기당화합물의 준비를 위해 50mg/mL BSA(Fraction V, Sigma)와 pretense inhibitor를 포함한 PBS(pH 7.4)에 glucose-6-phosphate를 섞어 0.2 M의 용액을 만들었다. BSA를 대조군으로 하였으며, 후기당화합물과 BSA를 $5{\mu}g/cm^2$ surface area의 농도가 되도록 붓고 다음과 같은 비교 대상의 culture dishes를 만들었다(B5; BSA만 첨가 - 5 mM, B30; BSA만 첨가 - 30mM, A5; 후기당화합물만 첨가 - 5 mM, A30; 후기당화합물만 첨가 - 30 mM, A/B 25: osmotic control - 25 mM mannitol). 이틀 배양 후와 일 주 배양 후 각각의 culture dishes에 있는 heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG)양을 ELISA를 이용하여 측정하고 B5를 대준군으로 하여 각각 비교하였다. 각각의 colture dishes에 있는 사구체 상피세포를 scanning EM(Hitachi S-570, Japan)을 이용하여 형태학적 관찰을 하였다. Cellulose semi-permeable membrane을 이용하여 각각의 culture dishes에서 두 시간 동안 apical chamber를 통해 여과되는 BSA양을 sandwich ELISA method로 측정하여 투과성에 대한 분석을 하였다. 결과 : 이틀 동안 배양 후 측정한 대조군을 포함한 다섯 culture dishes의 HSPG양은 통계학적 차이는 없었다. 일 주 배양 후에 이틀 동안 배양한 B5 dish에 비해서 일 주 배양한 A30 dish를 제외한 일 주 배양한 모든 dishes에서 10% 이상의 HSPG양의 증가를 보였다(P<0.05) 일 주 배양한 B5 dish에 비해선 일 주 배양한 A30과 B30 dish에서 각각 HSPG양이 각각 77.8%와 95.3%로 감소하였고(P>0.05), osmotic control group(A/B 25)에선 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(P>0.05). 후기당화합물이 첨가된 경우에 SEM상 분리된 세포사이이음(intercellular junction)과 융합된 미세융모를 관찰할 수 있었다. BSA의 투과성은 일 주 배양 후 A30 dish에서만 일 주 배양 후 B5 dish에 비해 19% 증가하는 소견을 보였으나 통계적인 유의성은 없었다(P>0.05). 결론 : 사구체 상피세포의 HSPG 형성의 감소에 고농도의 당과 후기당화합물은 서로 부가적인 역할을 하고 후기당화합물이 더 큰 역할을 함을 알 수 있다. HSPG 감소 소견과 더불어 SEM상 장기간 고혈당을 유지하면 사구체 여과기전에서 size-selective와 charge-selective 장벽에 결함을 유발할 수 있으며 당뇨병에서의 단백뇨의 기전 중 하나로 생각된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제41권7호
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• pp.881-887
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• 2012

유산균과 금은화, 발효 금은화는 장누수 증후군과 연관된 장 상피세포 점막 투과성 감소에 대하여 유의한 효과를 나타내었다. 따라서 유산균을 단독으로 사용하는 방법과 유산균을 이용해 발효시킨 금은화를 증가된 장 투과성 및 장내미생물 불균형으로 인한 장누수 증후군과 관련된 일련의 증상들을 치료하고 면역관련 질환 및 만성 염증성 질환에도 응용할 수 있을 것으로 예상되며 이에 대한 앞으로의 추가 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1991

The present investigation was focussed on histochemical and electron microscopical observations of utero-vaginal(U-V) glands in U-V junctions of domestic hens. In histochemical observations, fine granules by PAS technique for mucopolysaccharides and nile blue stain for acidic lipids were slightly stained on the cytoplasm of U-V glandular epithelium. Larger granules by Sudan black B stain for neutral fat and phospholipids and Sudan III stain for neutral fat were heavily stained on the perinuclear region of the U-V gland epithelial cells. These positive materials were heavily stained on the U-V glandular epithelium of lowfecundity hens and non-laying hens. In scanning electron microscopic findings of the U-V junction surface, the orifices of U-V glands are seen as the crater-like invagination. The neck of the U-V gland and the epithelium of U-V iunction were covered by ciliated epithelial cells. Aggregates of spermatozoa are observed often to be on the necks of the U-V gland. These spermatozoa heads are embedded in the glandular tubules and many spermatozoa tails are free on the epithelium of uterine surface. In transmission electron microscopic findings, the epithelial cells of the U-V glandular orifices were ciliated, columnar cells. The apical regions of these cells contained numerous electrondense, round secretory granules of uniformly size. The epithelial cells of the U-V glandular tubule were columnar or pyramid shape with round or oval nuclei. These epithelial cells have numerous microvilli and also contained electron-dense, round secretary granules of uniformly size and electron-lucent vesicles of various size. Spermatozoa are seen as the cross-sections of various regions of heads and tails in glandular tubules. Also spermatozoa arranged longitudinally parallel within the glandular tubules.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.223-230
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• 1999

본 연구는 경기도 양평에서 채집한 빨간집모기(Culex pipiens pallens: Culicidae)를 사육하여 유충 시기에 있는 직장 조직을 구성하는 세포들의 미세구조를 관찰하였다. 직장조직은 점막상피조직, 결합조직, 그리고 근육조직 등으로 구성되었으며, 상피 내면에는 않은 큐티클 내막이 덮고 있었다. 점막 상피조직은 단층의 편평상피세포들로 이루어졌으며, 첨단원형질막이 약 $5\sim8{\mu}m$ 길이의 막주름이 잡혀 있었고 그 사이에는 크게 발달한 사립체가 관찰되었다. 측부원형질막의 첨단 쪽에서는 격막연접부위가 길게 관찰되었으며 중간부위는 심하게 주름이 접혀 물질의 수송통로인 세포간극이 불규칙하게 관찰되었고 이 주변에서도 크게 발달한 사립체가 산재해 있었다. 그리고 상피세포의 기저막주름은 세포 내로 짧고 불규칙하게 함입되어 미로 형태로 관찰되었다. 기점막 바깥쪽에는 신경 및 기관소지가 분포하고 결합조직과 전형적인 골격근의 형태를 하고 있는 환상근관 종주근이 장외면에 부착되었다.

• 대한심미치과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.28-35
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• 1999

The preservation of a healthy periodontal attachment is the most significant factor in the long-term prognosis of a restored tooth. The 'Biologic Width' is composed of the connective tissue attachment and the epithelial attachment in the dentogingival junction. The violation of the biologic width may result in a progressive inflammatory process and crestal bone loss. So a careful soft tissue management is needed to preserve it for the gingival health and an esthetic restoration. The following clinical cases show the five different situations of the violation of the biologic width and their management.