• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 2004

Objectives : We aimed to identify the effects of Heechum-san(HCS) On the thrombosis. Methods : We measured the protective effects of HCS on pulmonary thromboembolism induced by collagen and epinephrine, intravascular coagulation induced by dextran. Results : HCS showed a effective inhibition on coagulation of platelets induced by ADP or epinephrine. HCS showed survival rate of 14.28% on pulmonary thrombo- embolism caused by collagen and epinephrine. On the measure of the blood flow rate induced by the thrombus, in vivo HCS accelerated the blood flow rate. Conclusions : HCS has antithrombotic effects.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.312-316
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• 2014

This is a review article of the wide-awake approach to hand surgery. More than 95% of all hand surgery can now be performed without a tourniquet. Epinephrine is injected with lidocaine for hemostasis and anesthesia instead of a tourniquet and sedation. This is sedation-free surgery, much like a visit to a dental office. The myth of danger of using epinephrine in the finger is reviewed. The wide awake technique is greatly improving results in tendon repair, tenolysis, and tendon transfer. Here, we will explain its advantages.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.219-222
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• 1986

Dose-dependent increasesin blood glucose were produced by epinephrine and clonidine in fasted male mice. Isoproterenol was ineffective in increasing blood glucose at lower doses ($10^{-8}M$/kg-$10^{-7}M$/kg); with higher dose ($10^{-6}M$/kg) the glucose level was increased. The hyperglycemia induced by epinephrine was inhibited by yobimbine, prazosin and propranolol, indicating that the hyperglycemic effect of epinephrine is mediated by alpha-1, alpha-2 and beta adrenoceptor. When clonidine (10$^{-6}$ M/kg) was administered simultaneously with sioproterenol ($10^{-6}M$/kg), an enhenced hyperglycemic effect was observed. The increment produced by clonidine plus isoproterenol was higher than that by clonidine alone. These increment produced by clonidine plus isoproterenol was higher than that by clonidine alone. These results suggest that stimulation of alpha-2 adrenoceptor may be reponsible for the exertion of the hyperglycemic effect by beta agonists in fasted mice.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.89-93
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• 2020

We experienced an unusual case of accelerated junctional rhythm with severe hypotension after infiltration of lidocaine containing epinephrine during dental surgery under general anesthesia. The patient's electrocardiogram exhibited retrograde P-waves following the QRS complex, which could be misinterpreted as ST-segment depression. As a temporary measure, administration of ephedrine restored the patient's blood pressure to normal levels. The importance of this case lies in its demonstration of an unexpected and serious side effect of commonly used epinephrine infiltration. This case also highlights the need for accurate interpretation of the electrocardiogram and comprehensive understanding of best practices for patient management.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.15-24
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• 2008

Background: The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the norepinephrine－induced nociceptive effects by monitoring catecholamines and its metabolites in human body. Methods: To exam the antisympathetic effect from the healthy volunteer(male:15, female:15) by monitoring changes of epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, metanephrine, normetanephrine, and others of urine, a comparative study with warm water immersion ($40.8{\pm}0.3^{\circ}C$) and infrared (250W) was carried out. Results: The urinalysis showed that the concentration of epinephrine and norepinephrine were significantly decreased by both warm water immersion－and infrared－stimulated group of urine in 24 hours. Conclusion: Therefore, these results suggest that the diminished responsiveness on the epinephrine and norepinephrine to warm water immersion and infrared in volunteer may be, in part, related by the increased of antisympathetic effects.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.237-240
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• 1991

Cortisol, epinephrine and norepinephrine concentration in the antecubital and internal spermatic vein were measured and compared each other in 22 varicocele patients to investigate a possible toxic role of these materials to cause impairment of the spermatogensis. The results were as follow. 1) There were no significant differences of cortisol, epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations between in the internal spermatic vein and in the peripheral vein, 2) Also in 6 patients who showed the abnormal findings on semen analysis and 7 patients who showed the impaired spermatogenesis on testicular biopsy, no significant differences of cortisol epinephrine and norepinephrine concentration were found between in the peripheral vein and in the internal spermatic vein. Therefore, cortisol, epinephrine and norephrine are not regarded as toxic materials responsible for the impairment of spermatogenesis in varicocele.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.35-38
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• 1969

1. The sensibility of Fluta alba Zuiew to acetylcholine is more than ten times as strong as that of Ophicephalus argus Cantor which has been ever known as the most sensitive material. Fluta alba Zuiew is, therefore, considered as the best material for the bioassay of acetylcholine. 2. 5-hydorxytryptamine accelerates very much the heart activity of Misgurnus mizolepis Gunther but inhibits that of Fluta alba. 3. The sensibility of Fluta alba to norepinephrine is more than a hundred times as strong as that to epinephrine.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.1 no.1 s.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 1965

1. In the tortoise, Amyda japonica, a cold-blooded animal readily available in this country, the role of catecholamines in the regulation of free fatty acids(FFA) metabolism was investigated in both in vivo and in vitro studies. 2. Norepinephrine elevated both FFA and glucose levels in plasma. 3. When $50{\mu}g/kg$ of Epinephrine, Norepinephrine and Isopropylarterenol were administered intravenously, the relative effectiveness of mobilizing FFA was in the descending order of potency-Epinephrine, Norepinephrine and Isopropylarterenol. 4. In order to exclude the 'tonic influence of the endogenous catecholamines', reserpine was given to some animals. Two days after the reserpine-treatment, glucose showed a significant increase over the solely vehicle treated controls, FFA but an insignificant one. Excised auricles from those animals showed a diminished response to tyramine. Seven days after the treatment, however, when the depletion of catecholamines from the tissue stores seemed to be complete, judged from the absence of the response of isolated auricles to tyramine, both FFA and glucose levels were definitely lowered. 5. In in vitro experiments Epinephrine enhanced the FFA-release from the adipose tissue. The effect increased proportionately with the concentration until a maximal effect was attained at a concentration of 1x $10^5$ g/ml. 6. The order of potency in releasing FFA from adipose tissue in vitro was the same as in vitro, i.e., Epinephrine, Norepinephrine and Isopropylarterenol, but the differences were much less marked. 7. Ergotamine exerted no lipolytic action, but inhibited the lipolytic effect ef Epinephrine significantly. 8. Nethalide showed a slight lipolytic effect per se but inhibited the Epinephrine-induced lipolysis significantly. 9. Catecholamines play an important role in regulating FFA metabolism in the cold-blooded animal, just as in the warm-blooded animals, and the tortoise, Amyda japonica, may be used in the studies of fat metabolism as well as the rat.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.675-686
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• 2017

Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is associated with symptoms including headache, dizziness, and syncope. The incidence of OH increases with age. Attenuation of the vestibulosympathetic reflex (VSR) is also associated with an increased incidence of OH. In order to understand the pathophysiology of OH, we investigated the physiological characteristics of the VSR in the disorder. We applied sodium nitroprusside (SNP) to conscious rats with sinoaortic denervation in order to induce hypotension. Expression of pERK in the intermediolateral cell column (IMC) of the T4~7 thoracic spinal regions, blood epinephrine levels, and blood pressure were evaluated following the administration of glutamate and/or SNP. SNP-induced hypotension led to increased pERK expression in the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN), rostral ventrolateral medullary nucleus (RVLM) and the IMC, as well as increased blood epinephrine levels. We co-administered either a glutamate receptor agonist or a glutamate receptor antagonist to the MVN or the RVLM. The administration of the glutamate receptor agonists, AMPA or NMDA, to the MVN or RVLM led to elevated blood pressure, increased pERK expression in the IMC, and increased blood epinephrine levels. Administration of the glutamate receptor antagonists, CNQX or MK801, to the MVN or RVLM attenuated the increased pERK expression and blood epinephrine levels caused by SNP-induced hypotension. These results suggest that two components of the pathway which maintains blood pressure are involved in the VSR induced by SNP. These are the neurogenic control of blood pressure via the RVLM and the humoral control of blood pressure via epinephrine release from the adrenal medulla.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.69-76
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• 2015

Background: There have been few studies on the effect of an elevated concentration of lidocaine hydrochloride in the surgical removal of an impacted lower third molar. This study aimed to examine the efficacy of 4% lidocaine along with 1:100,000 epinephrine compared to 2% lidocaine along with 1:100,000 epinephrine as inferior alveolar nerve block for the removal of an impacted lower third molar. Methods: This single-blind study involved 31 healthy patients (mean age: 23 y; range: 19-33 y) with symmetrically impacted lower third molars as observed on panoramic radiographs. Volunteers required 2 surgical interventions by the same surgeon with a 3-week washout period. The volunteers were assigned either 4% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine or 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine as local anesthetic during each operation. Results: We recorded the time of administration, need for additional anesthetic administration, total volume of anesthetic used. We found that the patient's preference for either of the 2 types of local anesthetic were significantly different (P < 0.05). However, the extent of pulpal anesthesia, surgical duration, and duration of soft tissue anesthesia were not significantly different. Conclusions: Our study suggested that inferior alveolar nerve block using 4% lidocaine HCl with 1:100,000 epinephrine as a local anesthetic was clinically more effective than that using 2% lidocaine HCl with 1:100,000 epinephrine; the surgical duration was not affected, and no clinically adverse effects were encountered.