• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2000

Because vocal technique is the basis of singing a song beautifully, so this study was undertaken to use the scientific and correct technique in order to get much better musical expressions. Shimadzu X - ray remote control TV system was used for checking the supporting state of diaphragmatic respiration after 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 sec during phonation in the state of full inhalation between professional singer and non - professional singer. Shimadzu Magnet $nex-{\alpha}$(SMT -50CX/H) was used for examining the scattering state from the resonance of nasal cavity to that of cranial cavity on the basis of diaphragmatic respiration. The results obtained were summerized as follows : 1. The resonance of cranial cavity must be scattered by the energy of diaphragmatic respiration after gathering the foci of the fundamental 5 vowels. 2. while raising the epiglottis, the resonance of nasal cavity must be clearly in order to maintain the resonance of cranial cavity beautifully. 3. We can get musical expressions by maintaining the elasticity of diaphragmatic respiration.

• 대한기관식도과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기관식도과학회 1991년도 제25차 학술대회 연제순서 및 초록
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• pp.13-13
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• 1991

후두는 호흡기가 시작되는 부위로 후두의 태생학적 연구는 타장기에서와 같이 정상 후두의 해부학적 이해, 후두 기형의 병인의 이해 및 치료에 기초 자료가 된다. 그러나 사람 배아의 후두 발생에 관한 연구는 재료확보가 용이하지 않고 해부학적 난이성으로 매우 드물다. 이에 저자는 사람 배아의 후두 발달을 연구하고자 배령이 확인된 20례의 배아(배령 4 주에서 8 주 까지)의 연속절편에서 광학현미경하에 후두 발달의 형태학적 관찰을 시행하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 배령 4 주에 median pharyngeal groove, laryngotracheal sulcus 와 tracheoesophageal septum 이 관찰되었다. 2. 배령 5 주에 hypopharyngeal eminence, epithelial lamina of larynx와 arytenoid swelling이 관찰되었다. 3. 배령 6 주에 hyoid condensation과 tracheoesophagealfistula가 관찰되었다. 4. 배령 7 주에 epiglottis 가 확인되었고 hyoid bone, thyroid lamina 와 cricoid cartilage 의 condensation 및 muscular condensation 이 관찰되었다. 5. 배령 8 주에 laryngeal cartilage의 chondrification과 ventricle이 관찰되었으며, vestibulotracheal canal과 pharyngotracheal canal 의 교통은 관찰되지 않았다.

• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.318-322
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• 1997

Lingual thyroid is the term applied to a mass of ectopic thyroid tissue located on the base of the tongue in the midline. It may be found anywhere between the circumvallate papillae and the epiglottis. It is believed to be caused by developmental anomalies involving the descent of the embryologic gland anlage from its position posterior to the tuberculum impar to its normal pretracheal location between week 3 and week 7 of embryologic development. Differential diagnosis of the lingual thyroid would include lingual tonsillar hypertrophy, vallecular cyst, thyroglossal duct cyst, epidermal cyst, lymphoma. Lingual thyroid is found in approximately 1 in 100,000 people, and affected individuals have no other thyroid tissue in 70% to 100% of cases. Recently, we have experienced a case of lingual thyroid with mild dysphagia in a 48-year-old male. Now we report the case with literature review.

• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.161-164
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• 2010

Laryngeal hemangioma occurs mostly in infantile patients and infantile hemangiomas can be frequently seen in the subglottic area. So, respiratory distress is a main symptom in this entity. But adult hemangiomas are rare and can be seen in different locations such as in epiglottis, aryepiglottic fold, arytenoids and false and true vocal folds. Authors experienced a case of mixed hemangioma at the right aryepiglottic fold in a 42 years-old-man who was presented with snoring, throat foreign body sense for 3 months. So, we report this case with a review of the literature.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.107-109
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• 2018

Lipomas are benign tumors and most commonly occurs in trunk, upper extremities and lower extremities. About 13-15% of lipomas are located in the head and neck area. However, lipomas of larynx are very rare and only about 100 cases have been reported. Laryngeal lipomas occur mainly in epiglottis, aryepiglottic fold and false vocal cords, which have adipose tissue. Author experienced an unusual presentation of laryngeal lipoma. Tumor seemed to be located in the supraglottis in the preoperative laryngoscopy, but it was found to be located at the free margin of the true vocal cord. To date, only one case has been reported in the world literature. We report this case with a review of the literature.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.547-561
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• 1998

폐쇄성 수면 무호흡증(obstructive sleep apnea, 이하 OSA로 표시)은 수면 도중 계속 반복 되어 일어나는 상기도 폐쇄로 인하여 무호흡증을 나타내는 장애(disorder)이다. 근래의 연구에 의하면 상기도 구조의 해부학적 요인뿐 아니라 생리적 요인도 무호흡 발생에 기여한다고 하였으며 또한 이설근이 상기도 유지에 중요한 역할을 한다고 하였다. OSA의 치료를 위해 다양한 술식이 시행되었으며 하악 재위치 장치를 통한 치료 역시 양호한 결과를 나타낸다고 하였다. 그러나 하악 재위치 장치 장착에 따른 구조적 생리적 작용기전에 대한 연구는 미비한 상태이다. 이에 본 저자는 연세대학교 치과대학병원 교정과에 내원한 OSA 환자 26명 (남 17명 여 9명)과 일반 정상 성인 20명 (남 10명 여 10명)을 대상으로 앙와위에서 장치 장착 전후의 두부방사선사진을 채득하여 장치에 따른 상기도의 구조 변화를 연구하고 두군 사이의 장치 장착에 따른 효과를 비교하였으며, 또한OSA환자 14명(남 10명 여 4명)을 대상으로 체위 변화와 장치장착에 따른 이설근 근전도 변화를 연구하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 상기도 구조에 대한 두부계측학적 측정치 중 연구개의 길이, 연구개 최대 두께와 SPAS, MAS, VAL, H-H1, MP-H 에서 정상군과 OSA군 사이의 통계적 유의차를 보였으며, IAS와 EAS는 두 군간에 통계적 유의차를 보이지 않았다. 2. 정상군과 OSA군 모두에서 장치 장착에 따라 후두개가 전방 이동하면서 후두개 수준(epiglottis level)의 기도 폭경은 증가하였고 연구개의 최대 두께가 변하였으며 설골은 전방 이동하였으나 두 군 모두 IAS에서는 다양한 반응을 나타내었다. 장치 장착에 따른 상기도 구조에 대한 효과는 두 군 사이에 서로 차이를 나타내었다. 3. 체위 변화에 따라 앙와위에서 이설근 근전도가 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으나 통계적 유의차는 없었으며, 직립위와 앙와위 모두에서 하악 재위치 장치 장착시에 통계적으로 유의하게 이설근 근전도가 증가하였다. 하악 재위치 장치는 상기도의 해부학적 구조뿐 아니라 상기도 생리에도 영향을 미치는 것으로 생각되며 장치에 대한 반응은 정상군과 OSA군 사이에 차이를 나타내었고, 두 군은 상기도 생리에 있어서도 서로 다르다고 사료된다.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.49-67
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• 2014

Subject : The Association between Extraordinary Organs(奇恒之腑) and Eight Extra Meridians(奇經 八脈). Objectives : This study research some special aspects of Extraordinary Organs and Eight Extra Meridians which differentiated from ordinary Organs and Meridians, and the association between Extraordinary Organs and Eight Extra Meridians. Methods : First, researched classification standard and physiological characteristics of Extraordinary Organs through studying various chapters of HuangdiNeijing. Second, researched The Association between Extraordinary Organs and Eight Extra Meridians through studying on the origin of Eight Extra Meridians in HuangdiNeijing. Third, from accompanying researching the subject of Cheon-gye(天癸) and human body shape, draw synthetic hypothesis on the relationship among ordinary Meridians and Organs, muscles and skins of body shape, Extraordinary Organs and Eight Extra Meridians. Results & Conclusions : The following conclusions could be drawn. 1. Extraordinary Organs afford background for shaping human body. This is same as the properties of the earth which afford background for shaping all creations. The physiological characteristics of Extraordinary Organs is intermediation and regulation between Ki(氣) of Five Viscera & six Bowels and shape of muscles & skins in human body. 2. The origin of Eight Extra Meridians could be found in HuangdiNeijing. The collateral Meridians of the Uterus and Epiglottis Meridian are specifically formulated to supplying for the Uterus or Epiglottis. From this we can draw The Association between Extraordinary Organs and Eight Extra Meridians, that is Eight Extra Meridians are specifically formulated to supplying for Extraordinary Organs. 3. The Cheon-gye(天癸) is doing significant function in Eight Extra Meridians supplying for Extraordinary Organs. Cheon-gye concerned to growth, secondary sexual characters, generative function, aging process. Theses are all concerned with the changing of human body shape. Cheon-gye urge to change the body shape with following the human life cycle. 4. Human body has vertical symmetry because preserve its shape from the gravitational force. Eight Extra Meridians place at the middle or flank axis of human body, thus do physiological function that assistant human body have vertical symmetry shape. The purpose of shaping vertical symmetry is securing space what the inner Twelve Regular Meridians and Five Viscera & six Bowels create there own physical changes. On the other hand the inner changes need deviation between left and right because of mobility and circulation of force. But human body change the shape in the process of growth, reproduction, aging. Eight Extra Meridians play role at time of these processing, thus they deeply concerned to human's life cycle and reproduction. 5. Eight Extra Meridians and Extraordinary Organs were named 'Extra' because of some special aspects which differentiated from ordinary Meridians and Organs. All they play role to have vertical symmetry shape of human body and maintain the shape, thus they deeply concerned to the change of human life cycle. These shaping maintaining and the change of human life cycle are very special aspects of human body. So they needed to differently cognize separate to the ordinary changes of Five Viscera & six Bowels and Twelve Meridians at inner space.

• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.97-102
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• 1996

The larynx has three major functions such as protective reflex, respiration and phonation, and is richly innervated by sensory, sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves. The sensory innervation of the laryngeal mucosa, which is involved in the perception of pain, mechanical and chemical irritation, prtects the airway via various laryngeal reflexes. We studied the distribution of Substance P (SP) and Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) sensory fibers in the rat's larynx using the immuno-histochemical methods. Many SP and CGRP immunoreactive fibers were found in all regions of the laryngeal mucosa except the vocal cords. SP immunoreactive fibers showed a very similar distribution to the CGRP fibers in the epithelium and submucosa. But SP immunoreactive fibers were sparser than CGRP immunoreactive fibers in distribution density. Both reactive fibers were denser in the supraglottic region than subglottic region. Especially, intraepithelial fibers displayed the densest innervation to the laryngeal surface of the epiglottis. h the subepithelium, SP and CGRP immunoreactive fibers were distributed along the wall of vessels and around the glands. The present results suggest that the regional distribution of SP and CGRP immunoreactivity may be responsible for the protective reflex function of the laryngeal inlet.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.137-144
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• 1995

후두에 생긴 원발성 임파종은 성문상부에 잘 생기며 일차치료로 방사친치료가 이용되나 후두외로 퍼진 경우는 항암화학치료와의 병용요법이 필요하다. 후두악성임파종의 전이나 재발여부에 대해 장기적 추적 관찰이 중요함을 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.301-304
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• 2018

Awake fiberoptic nasotracheal intubation is a useful technique, especially in patients with airway obstruction. It must not only provide sufficient anesthesia, but also maintain spontaneous breathing. We introduce a method to achieve this using a small dose of fentanyl and midazolam in combination with topical anesthesia. The cases of 2 patients (1 male, 1 female) who underwent oral maxillofacial surgery are reported. They received $50{\mu}g$ of fentanyl 2-3 times (total $2.2-2.3{\mu}g/kg$) at intervals of approximately 2 min. Oxygen was administered via a mask at 6 L/min, and 0.5 mg of midazolam was administered 1-4 times (total 0.02-0.05 mg/kg) at intervals of approximately 2 min. A tracheal tube was inserted through the nasal cavity after topical anesthesia was applied to the epiglottis, vocal cords, and into the trachea through the fiberscope channel. All patients were successfully intubated. This is a useful and safe method for awake fiberoptic nasotracheal intubation.